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HVTpaperDI2003v5

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Mark Stockfisch
Mark Stockfisch

The document discusses Harmonic Video Timing (HVT), an alternative timing design method proposed by Quantum Data to integrate IT and CE timings. HVT uses a fixed master clock frequency (e.g. 2.97GHz) to generate pixel clock frequencies through integer division, allowing for quieter clocks. It establishes sets of supported frame rates, aspect ratios, resolutions, and total pixel/line frameworks to select optimal timings that maintain audio coherence and integrate both IT and CE standards. The method aims to address issues with the CVT standard by basing timings on a prime-numbered master clock and selecting the best fit for each combination of parameters in a lookup table.

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Harmonic Video Timing (HVT) By Mark Stockfisch Quantum Data
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 2 ¡°Will / should IT and CE industry standards converge?¡± Ian Miller, Samsung Electronics America The answer is: ¡­they already have at your video signal generator company.
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 3 Wrenching change at Quantum Data over the last three years. ? Integration of digital video and CE timings. ? Integration of OpenLDI, DVI, and HDMI interfaces. ? Switching emphasis away from IT-only to integrated IT-CE test equipment. ? A majority of our customers are in the CE or ProAV markets. ? Many of our former IT customers now make CE equipment as well.
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 4 Has prompted areas of research¡­ ? Naming conventions ? DVI interoperability & compliance testing methods ? Timing Format Integration (HVT)
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 5 What is HVT? HVT is an alternative method for timing design that: ? Integrates IT and CE timings. ? Reduces frame rate error to zero. ? Optionally, supports a scheme for reducing jitter in digital video systems, whereby all the pixel clock frequencies can be generated from a very quiet single fixed-frequency master clock source followed by a programmable divider. ? Maintains audio coherence, by insuring that a well-behaved rational ( N / M ) relationship exists between video and audio clocks at all times.
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 6 CVT vs. HVT An Example Method Name H Res Pixels V Res Lines Frame Rate Hz Aspect Ratio H Total Pixels V Total Lines Pixel Rate MHz CVT 0.98M9 1280 768 49.927 10:9 ¡°9¡± 1648 793 65.250 HVT ¡°HVT¡± HVT1250E 1280 ¡°12¡± 768 50.000 ¡°50¡± 5:3 ¡°E¡± 1650 800 66.000
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 7 CVT vs. HVT (continued) Is the timing audio friendly when the frame rate is locked? Method Pixel Rate MHz Frame Rate Correction Factor 32kHz Synth Factors 44.1kHz Synth Factors 48kHz Synth Factors CVT 65.250 163358/ 163125 40/ 81679 60/ 81679 441/ 653432 HVT 66.000 1 2/ 4125 1/ 1375 147/ 220000
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 8 Other Considerations ? What if VTOT is a prime number?
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 9 Timing Standards ? History ¨C VESA Discrete Monitor Timings (DMT) ¨C VESA Generalized Timing Format (GTF) ? Today ¨C VESA Coordinated Video Timings (CVT) ? Possible Future ¨C Harmonic Video Timing (HVT)
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 10 The Basis for Legacy Timings ? Narrow-scope computer industry needs ? Image fidelity ? Old display technologies ¨C CRT retrace-based blanking requirements ¨C Signal-based format detection (e.g polarity) ? Old host technologies ¨C Character-resolution timing counters ¨C Noisy wideband PLL clock synthesizers
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 11 Legacy Pixel Clock Generator Fref (fixed) ¡ÂM ¡ÂN VCO 0.25MHz Fpixel = N*(Fref/M) = 0.25MHz*N (i.e. hundreds of arbitrary pixel rates) Fpixel
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 12 Wide Range == Noisy Clock 82.5MHz 165MHz F More Noise
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 13 Narrow-range == Quiet Clock 2.97GHz 2.97GHz/1.001 F Less Noise
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 14 A New Basis for Future Timings ? Wide-scope (IT, CE, ProAV, et al) requirements ? Video/Audio/Data Integration & Integrity ? New Display Technologies ¨C Audio/Data based blanking requirements ¨C Data channel based system/format discovery ? New Host Technologies ¨C Pixel & sub-pixel resolution timing counters ¨C Quiet telecom-like fixed rate master clocks
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 15 New Pixel Clock Generator ¡ÂM ¡ÂL Fmaster (~fixed) 2.97GHz Faudio = Fpixel * ( N / M ) Fpixel = 2.97GHz / L ¡ÂN VCO Faudio Fpixel 44 pixel rates
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 16 HVT modifications to CVT
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 17 Issue CVT HVT Frame Rates (Hz) 50, 60, 75, & 85 ¡À0.65 max Exactly 24, 25, 30 48, 50, 60, 75, or 90 Pixel Rate Noisy wideband PLL w/0.25MHz steps Quiet fixed-rate PLL w/divide-by-N Htotal / Vtotal Framework On-the-fly calculation Pre-calculated look-up table-based CRT blanking GTF defaults uses GTF defaults only as target Reduced blanking Fixed 160 pixels Minimal, but variable Audio/Data friendly Horizontal Granularity 8-pixels single pixel
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 18 Issue CVT HVT Apertures 4:3, 16:9, & 16:10 (discourage 5:3 & 5:4) 12 landscape/portrait pairs Content Mapping Not Addressed Letterbox, Scope, & Safe-Title Genlock Machine timing remains fixed Machine timing remains fixed Analog Video Clock Recovery Depends on CVT calculated timing Depends on HVT best-fit timing Minimum digital clock rate 25MHz 24.75MHz Sync Polarity HS-/VS+ CRT HS+/VS- reduced Don¡¯t care
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 19 Issue CVT HVT V Sync Width Communicates aspect ratio Don¡¯t care H Sync Width 8% of H-total Don¡¯t care V Sync Position Vertical centering Analog centering Digital field ID Naming Borrowed from digital photography Three name spaces: 1. IT 2. CE composite 3. CE / ProAV component
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 20 IT Timing Name Example HVT1060H Horizontal Resolution Aspect Ratio Frame RateCompany or Standard Initials
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 21 CE / ProAV Component Video Timing Name Example 240p4x59SH_28 Multi-clocking (e.g. 4-clock/pixel) Content Fitting Method (e.g. scope) Frame Rate (60/1.001) Vertical Resolution Content Aspect Ratio (e.g. 16:9) Modifications (VTOT & replicate) Scan Method
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 22 Composite Video Timing Name Example NTSC-JLH Content Fitting Method (e.g. letterbox) Japanese (no setup) Composite Video Standard Content Aspect Ratio (e.g. 16:9)
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 23 10-steps to HVT 1. Choose prime-based master clock frequency. 2. Create sorted (descending) list of all prime-divided rates. 3. Extract pixel rates from top of list. 4. Select frame rates from bottom of list (excluding many). 5. For each pixel rate and frame rate combination, find all HTOT*VTOT frameworks that fit and sort by frame rate. 6. Establish list of supported aspect ratios, orientations, and content mappings. 7. Establish list of supported horizontal resolutions. 8. Establish criteria for placing active into total (e.g. GTF). 9. For each aspect ratio, horizontal resolution, and frame rate combination, try placing content into every framework (one-at-a-time) and select the best fit based on optimum placement criteria of step 8. 10. Sort, encode, store results in a look-up-table, and apply.
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 24 HVT Master Clock Borrow a concept from the television industry - use a master clock frequency that is the product of powers of a handful of small prime numbers, for example: Fmaster = 27 * 33 * 57 * 111 = 2.97GHz
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 25 HVT Divider Obtain candidate frequencies by dividing the master clock frequency by a variable integer divisor that is the product of powers of the master clock primes, as follows: Fpixel = 2.97MHz / ( 2a * 3b * 5c * 11d )
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 26 HVT Divide Cases ? For example, by varying a, b, c, and d powers, a list of 512 candidate frequencies are obtained at 2.97GHz (i.e. 8 * 4 * 8 * 2 = 512 frequencies): FOR a=0 to 7 FOR b=0 to 3 FOR c=0 to 7 FOR d=0 to 1 Fcandidate = 2.97MHz / ( 2a * 3b * 5c * 11d ) ? Sort candidates by frequency - descending. ? Extract pixel rates from the top of the list and desired frame rates from the bottom.
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 27 HVT Pixel Rate Set @ 2.97 GHz 24,750,000 27,000,000 27,500,000 29,700,000 30,000,000 30,937,500 33,000,000 33,750,000 37,125,000 39,600,000 41,250,000 45,000,000 46,406,250 49,500,000 54,000,000 55,000,000 59,400,000 61,875,000 66,000,000 67,500,000 74,250,000 82,500,000 90,000,000 92,812,500 99,000,000 110,000,000 118,800,000 123,750,000 135,000,000 148,500,000 165,000,000 185,625,000 198,000,000 247,500,000 270,000,000 29,7000,000 330,000,000 371,250,000 495,000,000 594,000,000 742,500,000 990,000,000 1,485,000,000 2,970,000,000
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 28 HVT Frame Rate Set 90 Hz Progressive Computer 75 Hz Progressive Computer 60 Hz Progressive TV (American, Japan, Korea, et al) & Computer 50 Hz Progressive or 100 Hz Interlaced-fields (European, et al.) 48 Hz Progressive Digital Cinema (Film Projection 2x) 30 Hz Progressive or 60 Hz Interlaced-fields TV (American, et al.) 25 Hz Progressive or 50 Hz Interlaced-fields TV 24 Hz Progressive or 48 Hz Segmented-fields Digital Cinema (Film)
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 29 HVT Aspect Ratio Set Q = 1.000 Quadrate - MIL, Radiology (square, 512x512, 1024x1024) G = 1.250 Graphics workstation (5x4, 1280x1024, 1600x1280) T = 1.333¡­ SDTV (4x3, 640x480, 800x600, 1024x768, 1280x960, 1600x1200) C ¡Ö 1.37 Classic Film w/sound (¡Ö4x3, 0.825x0.602 SMPTE RP40 35mm ¡°C¡±) I = 1.444¡­ Maximum Image (13x9, IMAX?) V = 1.500 Three Two (3x2, 1152x768 Apple Computer) M ¡Ö 1.555¡­ Mid (14x9, see ITU-R BT.1119) D = 1.600 Desktop (16x10, 1728x1080, 1280x800) E = 1.666¡­ European Film (15x9 or 5x3, 1200x720, 1280x768, 1800x1080, a.k.a. ¡°1.66¡±) Z = 1.750 Legacy Film (7x4, Legacy Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer & Disney Films) H = 1.777¡­ High-definition image (16x9, 1280x720,1920x1080) A ¡Ö 1.85 North American Film (¡Ö13x7,1920x1038, 0.825x0.446 SMPTE RP40 35mm ¡°A¡±) U = 2.000 Double Width (2x1, 1280x640, 1920x960, Univisum?) F ¡Ö 2.20 ¡°Flat Film¡±, MPEG ¡°20x9¡± (¡Ö11x5, 1920x874, 1.912x0.870 SMPTE RP91 70mm) B ¡Ö 2.37 Anamorphic Film ¡°2.35¡± (64:27, 2560x1080, 1.650x0.690 SMPTE RP40 35mm ¡°B¡±)
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 30 HVT Horizontal Resolution Set 256 320 352 384 512 528 544 640 704 720 768 800 848 960 1024 1064 1152 1200 1224 1280 1360 1365 1400 1440 1536 1600 1680 1704 1728 1792 1800 1864 1920 2048 2128 2304 2456 2560 2728 3072 3200 3408 3840 4264 4608 5120
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 31 HVT Framework Set (of all possible total frameworks) FrameRate HTOT VTOT PixelRate 60 7920 3125 1485000000 60 8250 3000 1485000000 60 9000 2750 1485000000 75 400 825 24750000 75 440 750 24750000 75 440 900 29700000 * * * * * * * * * * * *
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 32 HVT Framework Set Construction FOR each FrameRate FOR each PixelRate FOR each possible HTOT (e.g. 256 to 10000) FOR each possible VTOT (e.g. 256 to 10000) IF PixelRate == HTOT*VTOT*FrameRate THEN ADD Framework to Set
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 33 HVT Timing Set (the best of all possible timings) FrameRate Aspect HRES HTOT VTOT PixelRate 60 T 800 1056 625 39600000 60 T 1024 1375 800 66000000 60 T 1280 1650 1000 99000000 75 T 640 800 550 33000000 75 T 800 1000 660 49500000 75 T 1024 1500 880 99000000 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 34 HVT Timing Set Construction Establish a best framework for every possible combination of FrameRate-AspectRatioOrientation-HorizontalResolution. FOR each FrameRate FOR each AspectRatioOrientation FOR each HorizontalResolution FOR each Framework at FrameRate try to fit the implied active into the Framework grade relative to previous best maybe store a new best
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 35 Applying the HVT Timing Set ? In the CE space, most of the timings in EIA/CEA-861-B are already harmonically related to 2.97GHz. VGA is an exception. ? In the IT space, CVT standard timings include 2 blanking schemes, 39 resolutions, and 4 frame rates for a total of 312. Most of these timings are not harmonically related to 2.97GHz, but can be replaced by nearby HVT timings.
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 36 Results from applying HVT to 156 CVT standard CRT modes: ? Most CVT timings have a nearby HVT equivalent, with blanking within 20% of GTF. ? Four exceptions are 640x480x50, 1450x1050x90, 4608x2880x90, 5120x2880x90, which have no viable HVT timing equivalents inside a +61%, -51% window relative to GTF.
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 37 HVT equivalents for CVT-CRT Timings -60% -40% -20% 0% 20% 40% 60% 10E+6 100E+6 1E+9 10E+9 Pixel Rate (Hz) Blankingre.GTF
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 38 Summary ? Research continues into the possibility of integrating IT and CE standards. ? One possible solution is HVT. ? HVT can provide improved frame and audio lock between IT, CE, and ProAV systems. ? HVT can allow narrow-band oscillators to be used, which reduce clock noise.
May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 39 Materials Please visit www.quantumdata.com for a copy of this presentation and spreadsheets summarizing results from our investigation. These materials will be posted on our website Tuesday of next week.

More Related Content

HVTpaperDI2003v5

  • 1. Harmonic Video Timing (HVT) By Mark Stockfisch Quantum Data
  • 2. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 2 ¡°Will / should IT and CE industry standards converge?¡± Ian Miller, Samsung Electronics America The answer is: ¡­they already have at your video signal generator company.
  • 3. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 3 Wrenching change at Quantum Data over the last three years. ? Integration of digital video and CE timings. ? Integration of OpenLDI, DVI, and HDMI interfaces. ? Switching emphasis away from IT-only to integrated IT-CE test equipment. ? A majority of our customers are in the CE or ProAV markets. ? Many of our former IT customers now make CE equipment as well.
  • 4. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 4 Has prompted areas of research¡­ ? Naming conventions ? DVI interoperability & compliance testing methods ? Timing Format Integration (HVT)
  • 5. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 5 What is HVT? HVT is an alternative method for timing design that: ? Integrates IT and CE timings. ? Reduces frame rate error to zero. ? Optionally, supports a scheme for reducing jitter in digital video systems, whereby all the pixel clock frequencies can be generated from a very quiet single fixed-frequency master clock source followed by a programmable divider. ? Maintains audio coherence, by insuring that a well-behaved rational ( N / M ) relationship exists between video and audio clocks at all times.
  • 6. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 6 CVT vs. HVT An Example Method Name H Res Pixels V Res Lines Frame Rate Hz Aspect Ratio H Total Pixels V Total Lines Pixel Rate MHz CVT 0.98M9 1280 768 49.927 10:9 ¡°9¡± 1648 793 65.250 HVT ¡°HVT¡± HVT1250E 1280 ¡°12¡± 768 50.000 ¡°50¡± 5:3 ¡°E¡± 1650 800 66.000
  • 7. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 7 CVT vs. HVT (continued) Is the timing audio friendly when the frame rate is locked? Method Pixel Rate MHz Frame Rate Correction Factor 32kHz Synth Factors 44.1kHz Synth Factors 48kHz Synth Factors CVT 65.250 163358/ 163125 40/ 81679 60/ 81679 441/ 653432 HVT 66.000 1 2/ 4125 1/ 1375 147/ 220000
  • 8. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 8 Other Considerations ? What if VTOT is a prime number?
  • 9. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 9 Timing Standards ? History ¨C VESA Discrete Monitor Timings (DMT) ¨C VESA Generalized Timing Format (GTF) ? Today ¨C VESA Coordinated Video Timings (CVT) ? Possible Future ¨C Harmonic Video Timing (HVT)
  • 10. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 10 The Basis for Legacy Timings ? Narrow-scope computer industry needs ? Image fidelity ? Old display technologies ¨C CRT retrace-based blanking requirements ¨C Signal-based format detection (e.g polarity) ? Old host technologies ¨C Character-resolution timing counters ¨C Noisy wideband PLL clock synthesizers
  • 11. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 11 Legacy Pixel Clock Generator Fref (fixed) ¡ÂM ¡ÂN VCO 0.25MHz Fpixel = N*(Fref/M) = 0.25MHz*N (i.e. hundreds of arbitrary pixel rates) Fpixel
  • 12. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 12 Wide Range == Noisy Clock 82.5MHz 165MHz F More Noise
  • 13. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 13 Narrow-range == Quiet Clock 2.97GHz 2.97GHz/1.001 F Less Noise
  • 14. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 14 A New Basis for Future Timings ? Wide-scope (IT, CE, ProAV, et al) requirements ? Video/Audio/Data Integration & Integrity ? New Display Technologies ¨C Audio/Data based blanking requirements ¨C Data channel based system/format discovery ? New Host Technologies ¨C Pixel & sub-pixel resolution timing counters ¨C Quiet telecom-like fixed rate master clocks
  • 15. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 15 New Pixel Clock Generator ¡ÂM ¡ÂL Fmaster (~fixed) 2.97GHz Faudio = Fpixel * ( N / M ) Fpixel = 2.97GHz / L ¡ÂN VCO Faudio Fpixel 44 pixel rates
  • 16. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 16 HVT modifications to CVT
  • 17. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 17 Issue CVT HVT Frame Rates (Hz) 50, 60, 75, & 85 ¡À0.65 max Exactly 24, 25, 30 48, 50, 60, 75, or 90 Pixel Rate Noisy wideband PLL w/0.25MHz steps Quiet fixed-rate PLL w/divide-by-N Htotal / Vtotal Framework On-the-fly calculation Pre-calculated look-up table-based CRT blanking GTF defaults uses GTF defaults only as target Reduced blanking Fixed 160 pixels Minimal, but variable Audio/Data friendly Horizontal Granularity 8-pixels single pixel
  • 18. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 18 Issue CVT HVT Apertures 4:3, 16:9, & 16:10 (discourage 5:3 & 5:4) 12 landscape/portrait pairs Content Mapping Not Addressed Letterbox, Scope, & Safe-Title Genlock Machine timing remains fixed Machine timing remains fixed Analog Video Clock Recovery Depends on CVT calculated timing Depends on HVT best-fit timing Minimum digital clock rate 25MHz 24.75MHz Sync Polarity HS-/VS+ CRT HS+/VS- reduced Don¡¯t care
  • 19. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 19 Issue CVT HVT V Sync Width Communicates aspect ratio Don¡¯t care H Sync Width 8% of H-total Don¡¯t care V Sync Position Vertical centering Analog centering Digital field ID Naming Borrowed from digital photography Three name spaces: 1. IT 2. CE composite 3. CE / ProAV component
  • 20. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 20 IT Timing Name Example HVT1060H Horizontal Resolution Aspect Ratio Frame RateCompany or Standard Initials
  • 21. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 21 CE / ProAV Component Video Timing Name Example 240p4x59SH_28 Multi-clocking (e.g. 4-clock/pixel) Content Fitting Method (e.g. scope) Frame Rate (60/1.001) Vertical Resolution Content Aspect Ratio (e.g. 16:9) Modifications (VTOT & replicate) Scan Method
  • 22. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 22 Composite Video Timing Name Example NTSC-JLH Content Fitting Method (e.g. letterbox) Japanese (no setup) Composite Video Standard Content Aspect Ratio (e.g. 16:9)
  • 23. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 23 10-steps to HVT 1. Choose prime-based master clock frequency. 2. Create sorted (descending) list of all prime-divided rates. 3. Extract pixel rates from top of list. 4. Select frame rates from bottom of list (excluding many). 5. For each pixel rate and frame rate combination, find all HTOT*VTOT frameworks that fit and sort by frame rate. 6. Establish list of supported aspect ratios, orientations, and content mappings. 7. Establish list of supported horizontal resolutions. 8. Establish criteria for placing active into total (e.g. GTF). 9. For each aspect ratio, horizontal resolution, and frame rate combination, try placing content into every framework (one-at-a-time) and select the best fit based on optimum placement criteria of step 8. 10. Sort, encode, store results in a look-up-table, and apply.
  • 24. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 24 HVT Master Clock Borrow a concept from the television industry - use a master clock frequency that is the product of powers of a handful of small prime numbers, for example: Fmaster = 27 * 33 * 57 * 111 = 2.97GHz
  • 25. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 25 HVT Divider Obtain candidate frequencies by dividing the master clock frequency by a variable integer divisor that is the product of powers of the master clock primes, as follows: Fpixel = 2.97MHz / ( 2a * 3b * 5c * 11d )
  • 26. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 26 HVT Divide Cases ? For example, by varying a, b, c, and d powers, a list of 512 candidate frequencies are obtained at 2.97GHz (i.e. 8 * 4 * 8 * 2 = 512 frequencies): FOR a=0 to 7 FOR b=0 to 3 FOR c=0 to 7 FOR d=0 to 1 Fcandidate = 2.97MHz / ( 2a * 3b * 5c * 11d ) ? Sort candidates by frequency - descending. ? Extract pixel rates from the top of the list and desired frame rates from the bottom.
  • 27. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 27 HVT Pixel Rate Set @ 2.97 GHz 24,750,000 27,000,000 27,500,000 29,700,000 30,000,000 30,937,500 33,000,000 33,750,000 37,125,000 39,600,000 41,250,000 45,000,000 46,406,250 49,500,000 54,000,000 55,000,000 59,400,000 61,875,000 66,000,000 67,500,000 74,250,000 82,500,000 90,000,000 92,812,500 99,000,000 110,000,000 118,800,000 123,750,000 135,000,000 148,500,000 165,000,000 185,625,000 198,000,000 247,500,000 270,000,000 29,7000,000 330,000,000 371,250,000 495,000,000 594,000,000 742,500,000 990,000,000 1,485,000,000 2,970,000,000
  • 28. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 28 HVT Frame Rate Set 90 Hz Progressive Computer 75 Hz Progressive Computer 60 Hz Progressive TV (American, Japan, Korea, et al) & Computer 50 Hz Progressive or 100 Hz Interlaced-fields (European, et al.) 48 Hz Progressive Digital Cinema (Film Projection 2x) 30 Hz Progressive or 60 Hz Interlaced-fields TV (American, et al.) 25 Hz Progressive or 50 Hz Interlaced-fields TV 24 Hz Progressive or 48 Hz Segmented-fields Digital Cinema (Film)
  • 29. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 29 HVT Aspect Ratio Set Q = 1.000 Quadrate - MIL, Radiology (square, 512x512, 1024x1024) G = 1.250 Graphics workstation (5x4, 1280x1024, 1600x1280) T = 1.333¡­ SDTV (4x3, 640x480, 800x600, 1024x768, 1280x960, 1600x1200) C ¡Ö 1.37 Classic Film w/sound (¡Ö4x3, 0.825x0.602 SMPTE RP40 35mm ¡°C¡±) I = 1.444¡­ Maximum Image (13x9, IMAX?) V = 1.500 Three Two (3x2, 1152x768 Apple Computer) M ¡Ö 1.555¡­ Mid (14x9, see ITU-R BT.1119) D = 1.600 Desktop (16x10, 1728x1080, 1280x800) E = 1.666¡­ European Film (15x9 or 5x3, 1200x720, 1280x768, 1800x1080, a.k.a. ¡°1.66¡±) Z = 1.750 Legacy Film (7x4, Legacy Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer & Disney Films) H = 1.777¡­ High-definition image (16x9, 1280x720,1920x1080) A ¡Ö 1.85 North American Film (¡Ö13x7,1920x1038, 0.825x0.446 SMPTE RP40 35mm ¡°A¡±) U = 2.000 Double Width (2x1, 1280x640, 1920x960, Univisum?) F ¡Ö 2.20 ¡°Flat Film¡±, MPEG ¡°20x9¡± (¡Ö11x5, 1920x874, 1.912x0.870 SMPTE RP91 70mm) B ¡Ö 2.37 Anamorphic Film ¡°2.35¡± (64:27, 2560x1080, 1.650x0.690 SMPTE RP40 35mm ¡°B¡±)
  • 30. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 30 HVT Horizontal Resolution Set 256 320 352 384 512 528 544 640 704 720 768 800 848 960 1024 1064 1152 1200 1224 1280 1360 1365 1400 1440 1536 1600 1680 1704 1728 1792 1800 1864 1920 2048 2128 2304 2456 2560 2728 3072 3200 3408 3840 4264 4608 5120
  • 31. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 31 HVT Framework Set (of all possible total frameworks) FrameRate HTOT VTOT PixelRate 60 7920 3125 1485000000 60 8250 3000 1485000000 60 9000 2750 1485000000 75 400 825 24750000 75 440 750 24750000 75 440 900 29700000 * * * * * * * * * * * *
  • 32. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 32 HVT Framework Set Construction FOR each FrameRate FOR each PixelRate FOR each possible HTOT (e.g. 256 to 10000) FOR each possible VTOT (e.g. 256 to 10000) IF PixelRate == HTOT*VTOT*FrameRate THEN ADD Framework to Set
  • 33. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 33 HVT Timing Set (the best of all possible timings) FrameRate Aspect HRES HTOT VTOT PixelRate 60 T 800 1056 625 39600000 60 T 1024 1375 800 66000000 60 T 1280 1650 1000 99000000 75 T 640 800 550 33000000 75 T 800 1000 660 49500000 75 T 1024 1500 880 99000000 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  • 34. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 34 HVT Timing Set Construction Establish a best framework for every possible combination of FrameRate-AspectRatioOrientation-HorizontalResolution. FOR each FrameRate FOR each AspectRatioOrientation FOR each HorizontalResolution FOR each Framework at FrameRate try to fit the implied active into the Framework grade relative to previous best maybe store a new best
  • 35. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 35 Applying the HVT Timing Set ? In the CE space, most of the timings in EIA/CEA-861-B are already harmonically related to 2.97GHz. VGA is an exception. ? In the IT space, CVT standard timings include 2 blanking schemes, 39 resolutions, and 4 frame rates for a total of 312. Most of these timings are not harmonically related to 2.97GHz, but can be replaced by nearby HVT timings.
  • 36. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 36 Results from applying HVT to 156 CVT standard CRT modes: ? Most CVT timings have a nearby HVT equivalent, with blanking within 20% of GTF. ? Four exceptions are 640x480x50, 1450x1050x90, 4608x2880x90, 5120x2880x90, which have no viable HVT timing equivalents inside a +61%, -51% window relative to GTF.
  • 37. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 37 HVT equivalents for CVT-CRT Timings -60% -40% -20% 0% 20% 40% 60% 10E+6 100E+6 1E+9 10E+9 Pixel Rate (Hz) Blankingre.GTF
  • 38. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 38 Summary ? Research continues into the possibility of integrating IT and CE standards. ? One possible solution is HVT. ? HVT can provide improved frame and audio lock between IT, CE, and ProAV systems. ? HVT can allow narrow-band oscillators to be used, which reduce clock noise.
  • 39. May 2, 2003 Quantum Data 39 Materials Please visit www.quantumdata.com for a copy of this presentation and spreadsheets summarizing results from our investigation. These materials will be posted on our website Tuesday of next week.