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Hybridization

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KarthyRamachandran Ramachandran

This document discusses Gregor Mendel's experiments with hybridization using pea plants. It provides background on Mendel and why he chose to use pea plants for his experiments. Pea plants were ideal because they are easy to selectively cross-pollinate. The document outlines the steps Mendel took to perform hybridization, including selecting parent plants with different traits, removing stamen from female flowers, collecting pollen from male flowers, pollinating female flowers, and growing the offspring seeds.

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Topic: hybridization Class: VIIi Unit: agriculture a way of life.
Objectives A.To make the students aware about the technique B.To understand the steps used in hybridization C.To develop process skills and life skills D.To understand the important and use of doing hybridization. E.To develop interest in doing different techniques
Hybridization
Gregor Johann Mendel was born on July 20th, 1822 in the Austrian Empire, now the Czech Republic. He was an Augustinian friar of the Catholic church and a scientist. He eventually became the abbot of St. Thomas' Abbey, after which his scientific work decreased due to increasing administrative responsibilities. Mendel is known for pea-plant experiments and subsequent theories on genetics. During a seven year period, Mendel experimented with pea plants in the garden owned in his monastery.
WHY PEA PLANTS ?
Mendel was well aware that there were certain preconditions that had to be carefully established before commencing investigations into the inheritance of characteristics. The parental plants must be known to possess constant and differentiating characteristics. To establish this condition, Mendel took an entire year to test "true breeding" (non-hybrid) family lines, each having constant characteristics. The experimental plants also needed to produce flowers that would be easy to protect against foreign pollen. The special shape of the flower of the Leguminosae family, with their enclosed styles, drew his attention. On trying several from this family, he finally selected the garden pea plant (Pisum sativum) as being most ideal for his needs. Mendel also picked the common garden pea plant because it can be grown in large numbers and its reproduction can be manipulated. As with many other flowering plants, pea plants have both male and female reproductive organs. As a result, they can either self-pollinate themselves or cross-pollinate with other plants. In his experiments, Mendel was able to selectively cross-pollinate purebred plants with particular traits and observe the outcome over many generations. This was the basis for his conclusions about the nature of genetic inheritance.
STEPS FOR DOING HYBRIDISATION
1.SELECTION OF PARENT PLANTS WITH DIFFERENT QUALITIES. 2.REMOVES STAMENS FROM FEMALE FLOWER 3.COLLECTS POLLEN GRAINS FROM THE MALE FLOWER 4.POLLINATES THE FEMALE FLOWER USING THE COLLECTED POLLEN GRAINS. 5.COVERS THE MOTHER PLANT WITH POLYTHENE BAG. 6.COLLECTS SEEDS 7.GERMINATES THE SEEDS 8.SELECTS AND GROWS BETTER VARITIES OF OFFSPRINGS.
GENETICS OF PEA PLANT
Hybridization
Hybridization

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Hybridization

  • 1. Topic: hybridization Class: VIIi Unit: agriculture a way of life.
  • 2. Objectives A.To make the students aware about the technique B.To understand the steps used in hybridization C.To develop process skills and life skills D.To understand the important and use of doing hybridization. E.To develop interest in doing different techniques
  • 4. Gregor Johann Mendel was born on July 20th, 1822 in the Austrian Empire, now the Czech Republic. He was an Augustinian friar of the Catholic church and a scientist. He eventually became the abbot of St. Thomas' Abbey, after which his scientific work decreased due to increasing administrative responsibilities. Mendel is known for pea-plant experiments and subsequent theories on genetics. During a seven year period, Mendel experimented with pea plants in the garden owned in his monastery.
  • 6. Mendel was well aware that there were certain preconditions that had to be carefully established before commencing investigations into the inheritance of characteristics. The parental plants must be known to possess constant and differentiating characteristics. To establish this condition, Mendel took an entire year to test "true breeding" (non-hybrid) family lines, each having constant characteristics. The experimental plants also needed to produce flowers that would be easy to protect against foreign pollen. The special shape of the flower of the Leguminosae family, with their enclosed styles, drew his attention. On trying several from this family, he finally selected the garden pea plant (Pisum sativum) as being most ideal for his needs. Mendel also picked the common garden pea plant because it can be grown in large numbers and its reproduction can be manipulated. As with many other flowering plants, pea plants have both male and female reproductive organs. As a result, they can either self-pollinate themselves or cross-pollinate with other plants. In his experiments, Mendel was able to selectively cross-pollinate purebred plants with particular traits and observe the outcome over many generations. This was the basis for his conclusions about the nature of genetic inheritance.
  • 7. STEPS FOR DOING HYBRIDISATION
  • 8. 1.SELECTION OF PARENT PLANTS WITH DIFFERENT QUALITIES. 2.REMOVES STAMENS FROM FEMALE FLOWER 3.COLLECTS POLLEN GRAINS FROM THE MALE FLOWER 4.POLLINATES THE FEMALE FLOWER USING THE COLLECTED POLLEN GRAINS. 5.COVERS THE MOTHER PLANT WITH POLYTHENE BAG. 6.COLLECTS SEEDS 7.GERMINATES THE SEEDS 8.SELECTS AND GROWS BETTER VARITIES OF OFFSPRINGS.