際際滷

際際滷Share a Scribd company logo

Hydrocarbons For IIT JEE

S
Shivani Jadhav

The document discusses different types of hydrocarbons including alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. It describes their general formulas, properties, reactions, and methods of preparation. Alkanes contain single bonds between carbons and do not react easily. Alkenes contain double bonds and participate in reactions like halogenation and oxidation. Alkynes contain triple bonds and undergo addition reactions with dihydrogen, halogens, and hydrogen halides. The document is from an educational social network providing chemistry content for IIT JEE preparation.

1 of 30
Download to read offline
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 CLASSIFICATION
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 Saturated open chain hydrocarbons containing carbon - carbon single bonds. These are inert under normal conditions & do not react withacids, bases and other reagents. Hence, theywere earlier known as paraffins. The general formula foralkanes is C H ALKANES n 2n+2
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 In alkanes, tetrahedra are joined together in which C-C and C-H bond lengths are154 pm and 112 pm respectively. ALKANES Methane
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 Alkanes possess weak van der Waals forces, due to which the first four members, C1 to C4 are gases, C5 to C17 are liquids and those containing 18 carbon atomsor more are solids at 298 K PROPERTIES OF ALKANES Physical properties
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 PROPERTIES OF ALKANES Physical properties
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 PROPERTIES OF ALKANES Physical properties
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 Halogenation takesplace either at higher temperature(573-773 K) or in the presence of diffusedsunlight or ultraviolet light. It is found that the rate of reaction of alkaneswith halogens is F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2. Rate ofreplacement of hydrogens of alkanes is :3属 > 2属 > 1属. HALOGENATION
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 (i) Initiation : (ii) Propagation : (iii)Termination: HALOGENATION Mechanism
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 On heating in the presence of air ordioxygen alkanes are completely oxidized to CO2 & water with the evolution of largeamount of heat COMBUSTION
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 PREPARATION OF ALKANES Wurtz reaction
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 PREPARATION OF ALKANES Decarboxylation
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 PREPARATION OF ALKANES Decarboxylation
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one double bond. The general formula foralkanes is C H ALKENES n 2n
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 ALKENES Ethene
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 The first threemembers are gases, the next fourteen areliquids and the higher ones are solids. They show a regular increase in boiling pointwith increase in size i.e., every CH2 groupadded increases boiling point by 2030 K. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ALKENES
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 ACIDIC DEHYDRATION OF ALCOHOLS
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 REACTIONS OF ALKENE With KMnO4
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 REACTIONS OF ALKENE Ozonolysis
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 REDUCTIONOF ALKENE
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 PREPARATION OF ALKENES Dehydrohalogenation
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 PREPARATION OF ALKENES Dehalogenation
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 PREPARATION OF ALKENES Acidic dehydration of alcohols
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least onetriplebond. The general formula foralkanes is C H ALKYNES n 2n-2
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 ALKYNES Ethyne
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 First threemembers are gases, the next eight are liquidsand the higher ones are solids. Their melting point,boiling point and density increase withincrease in molar mass. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 PREPARATION OF ALKYNES From calcium carbide:
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 PREPARATION OF ALKYNES From vicinal dihalides :
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 ADDITION REACTIONS OF ALKYNES Addition of dihydrogen
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 ADDITION REACTIONS OF ALKYNES Addition of halogens
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 ADDITION REACTIONS OF ALKYNES Addition of hydrogen halides

More Related Content

Hydrocarbons For IIT JEE

  • 1. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 CLASSIFICATION
  • 2. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 Saturated open chain hydrocarbons containing carbon - carbon single bonds. These are inert under normal conditions & do not react withacids, bases and other reagents. Hence, theywere earlier known as paraffins. The general formula foralkanes is C H ALKANES n 2n+2
  • 3. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 In alkanes, tetrahedra are joined together in which C-C and C-H bond lengths are154 pm and 112 pm respectively. ALKANES Methane
  • 4. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 Alkanes possess weak van der Waals forces, due to which the first four members, C1 to C4 are gases, C5 to C17 are liquids and those containing 18 carbon atomsor more are solids at 298 K PROPERTIES OF ALKANES Physical properties
  • 5. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 PROPERTIES OF ALKANES Physical properties
  • 6. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 PROPERTIES OF ALKANES Physical properties
  • 7. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 Halogenation takesplace either at higher temperature(573-773 K) or in the presence of diffusedsunlight or ultraviolet light. It is found that the rate of reaction of alkaneswith halogens is F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2. Rate ofreplacement of hydrogens of alkanes is :3属 > 2属 > 1属. HALOGENATION
  • 8. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 (i) Initiation : (ii) Propagation : (iii)Termination: HALOGENATION Mechanism
  • 9. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 On heating in the presence of air ordioxygen alkanes are completely oxidized to CO2 & water with the evolution of largeamount of heat COMBUSTION
  • 10. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 PREPARATION OF ALKANES Wurtz reaction
  • 11. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 PREPARATION OF ALKANES Decarboxylation
  • 12. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 PREPARATION OF ALKANES Decarboxylation
  • 13. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one double bond. The general formula foralkanes is C H ALKENES n 2n
  • 14. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 ALKENES Ethene
  • 15. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 The first threemembers are gases, the next fourteen areliquids and the higher ones are solids. They show a regular increase in boiling pointwith increase in size i.e., every CH2 groupadded increases boiling point by 2030 K. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ALKENES
  • 16. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 ACIDIC DEHYDRATION OF ALCOHOLS
  • 17. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 REACTIONS OF ALKENE With KMnO4
  • 18. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 REACTIONS OF ALKENE Ozonolysis
  • 19. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 REDUCTIONOF ALKENE
  • 20. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 PREPARATION OF ALKENES Dehydrohalogenation
  • 21. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 PREPARATION OF ALKENES Dehalogenation
  • 22. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 PREPARATION OF ALKENES Acidic dehydration of alcohols
  • 23. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least onetriplebond. The general formula foralkanes is C H ALKYNES n 2n-2
  • 24. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 ALKYNES Ethyne
  • 25. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 First threemembers are gases, the next eight are liquidsand the higher ones are solids. Their melting point,boiling point and density increase withincrease in molar mass. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • 26. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 PREPARATION OF ALKYNES From calcium carbide:
  • 27. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 PREPARATION OF ALKYNES From vicinal dihalides :
  • 28. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 ADDITION REACTIONS OF ALKYNES Addition of dihydrogen
  • 29. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 ADDITION REACTIONS OF ALKYNES Addition of halogens
  • 30. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - H Y D R O C A R B O N S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 ADDITION REACTIONS OF ALKYNES Addition of hydrogen halides