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HypertensionHypertension
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOWWHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
Wednesday 24 April 2013Wednesday 24 April 2013

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
 Blood pressure is the force/pressure exerted on theBlood pressure is the force/pressure exerted on the
wall of blood vessles as blood moves in the vessles.wall of blood vessles as blood moves in the vessles.
 Normal blood pressure ranges between 120/80 toNormal blood pressure ranges between 120/80 to
90/60, The top number (systolic) shows the90/60, The top number (systolic) shows the
pressure when your heart beats or contracts. Thepressure when your heart beats or contracts. The
lower number (diastolic) measures pressure at rest.lower number (diastolic) measures pressure at rest.
 Higher values over time indicates hypertensionHigher values over time indicates hypertension
 Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a commonHypertension, or high blood pressure, is a common
condition seen in most people who live into old age,condition seen in most people who live into old age,
but recently young people less than 35years oldbut recently young people less than 35years old
also has hypertension. Over time, uncontrolled highalso has hypertension. Over time, uncontrolled high
blood pressure increases the risk of heart disease,blood pressure increases the risk of heart disease,
stroke, and kidney disease.stroke, and kidney disease.

Hypertension.Hypertension.
 Everybody has a blood pressure:Everybody has a blood pressure:
 Force of blood in the blood vessels –Force of blood in the blood vessels –
arteries.arteries.
 Rises as we get older.Rises as we get older.
 When persistently higher than theWhen persistently higher than the
accepted value for the patients ageaccepted value for the patients age
and sexand sex =HYPERTENSION=HYPERTENSION
 Adults ≥140/90mmHg.Adults ≥140/90mmHg.
 Optimal 120/80Optimal 120/80

 About 20% of Nigerians areAbout 20% of Nigerians are
hypertensive.hypertensive.
 Usually no symptoms.Usually no symptoms.
 Most times symptoms are those ofMost times symptoms are those of
the complicationsthe complications
 Complications related to BP levels.Complications related to BP levels.
 The higher the symptoms, the higherThe higher the symptoms, the higher
the risk of complications.the risk of complications.

Causes.Causes.
 Two varieties.Two varieties.
 Primary or essential:Primary or essential:
 Most common variety ≈ 95%Most common variety ≈ 95%
 Actual cause is unknown however.Actual cause is unknown however.
 Secondary type:Secondary type:
 Secondary to other diseases.Secondary to other diseases.
 Commoner in young people.Commoner in young people.

Causes.Causes.
 Risk factorsRisk factors
 Genetic predisposition - runs inGenetic predisposition - runs in
families.families.
 Environmental factors:Environmental factors:
 High salt diet.High salt diet.
 StressStress
 Obesity (BMI / Waist circumference).Obesity (BMI / Waist circumference).
 Sedentary life styleSedentary life style
 Excessive alcohol intake.Excessive alcohol intake.

Causes ctd.Causes ctd.
 Secondary causes include:Secondary causes include:
 Kidney diseases.Kidney diseases.
 Hormonal abnormalities.Hormonal abnormalities.
 Abnormalities in the large vessels.Abnormalities in the large vessels.
 Abnormalities in the brain.Abnormalities in the brain.
 Drugs.Drugs.
 Pregnancy.Pregnancy.

 Complications include:Complications include:
 Heart attack.Heart attack.
 Heart failure.Heart failure.
 StrokeStroke
 Kidney failureKidney failure
 Peripheral vascular diseasePeripheral vascular disease
 Blindness.Blindness.

 What to do.What to do.
 Do not wait till you have symptoms.Do not wait till you have symptoms.
 Regular BP checking.Regular BP checking.
 Low salt intake.Low salt intake.
 Wt reductionWt reduction
 Regular exercise.Regular exercise.
 lots of fruits and vegetables.lots of fruits and vegetables.
 Reduce carbohydrate intake.Reduce carbohydrate intake.
 If high consult your doctor.If high consult your doctor.

Thank you for
reading and have a
TENSION FREE
LIFE.

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