I2000
- 1. Main Function:Main Function: Detach Soil fromDetach Soil from FabricFabric Main Function:Main Function: Detach Soil fromDetach Soil from FabricFabric DDetergents must be selectiveetergents must be selectiveDDetergents must be selectiveetergents must be selective IID Institute of Innovative Design
- 2. Detachment ForceDetachment Force Must be GreaterMust be Greater than the Bonding Forcethan the Bonding Force Detachment ForceDetachment Force Must be GreaterMust be Greater than the Bonding Forcethan the Bonding Force Main FunctionMain FunctionMain FunctionMain Function IID Institute of Innovative Design
- 3. H2O S BE S S S SS P Perfume Enzymes Bleach Surfactants SurfactantsEnzymes E S S S S IID Institute of Innovative Design
- 4. BleachPerfume S BE S S S SS P Perfume Enzymes Bleach Surfactants S S PB IID Institute of Innovative Design
- 6. SurfActantsSurfActantsSurfActantsSurfActants Harmful functions ?Transfer dye ?Place Surfactant complexes in fabric matrix ?Place "Surfactant + Soil" complexes in fabric matrix ?Form complexes with hardness ions Ca2+ , Mg2+ ?Deactivate enzymes ?Form suds To remove soil from fabric IID Institute of Innovative Design
- 7. EnzymesEnzymesEnzymesEnzymes Harmful functions ?Destroy fabric ?Develop allergic response To destroy soil IID Institute of Innovative Design
- 8. BleachBleachBleachBleach Harmful functions ?Destroy fabric ?Destroy rubber parts of machine ?Cause corrosion of steel parts of machine To oxidize soil IID Institute of Innovative Design
- 9. AntiresorberAntiresorber Harmful functions ?Form compound with fabric that does not destroy in rinsing ?Soil fabric (with time, in deposition) To form hydrophylic surface on fabricTo form hydrophylic surface on fabric IID Institute of Innovative Design
- 10. BuildersBuildersBuildersBuilders To soften fabric (prevent hydrogen bonds from forming between fabric fibers in washing and drying processes) Harmful functions Soil fabric (with time, in deposition) Suppress activity of Brightener IID Institute of Innovative Design
- 11. WaterWaterWaterWater To dissolve detergent components To transport surfactant molecules to ¡°soil - water¡± interface To wash soil away from fabric To transport soil from machine To remove surfactant from fabric Remove dye from fabric Add hardness ions into washing solution Cause corrosion of steel parts of machine Penetrate in fabric fibers in swelling Form suds Harmful functions IID Institute of Innovative Design
- 12. Hardness ions (CaHardness ions (Ca2+2+ , Mg, Mg2+2+ ))Hardness ions (CaHardness ions (Ca2+2+ , Mg, Mg2+2+ )) Ca2+ Mg2+ Harmful functions Form complexes with surfactant Form compounds with fatty acids Form compounds with central atoms Deposit on clays We are water¡¯s friends ! IID Institute of Innovative Design
- 13. 1. The forceof actionof surfactanton soilhas longreachedits limit. INTEGRAL DRAWBACKS OF DETERGENTSINTEGRAL DRAWBACKS OF DETERGENTS IMPEDING THEIR FURTHER ADVANCEIMPEDING THEIR FURTHER ADVANCE INTEGRAL DRAWBACKS OF DETERGENTSINTEGRAL DRAWBACKS OF DETERGENTS IMPEDING THEIR FURTHER ADVANCEIMPEDING THEIR FURTHER ADVANCE Why? IID Institute of Innovative Design
- 14. Quantum-mechanicalinteractionsunderlyingthe ¡°hydrophily- hydrophoby¡±effect are completely exhausted denying further increase of physical-chemical properties ofsurfactants. IID Institute of Innovative Design
- 15. 2. Use of surfactants generates2. Use of surfactants generates a need to use water as a solventa need to use water as a solvent and necessitates subsequent rinsing andand necessitates subsequent rinsing and drying for a long time,drying for a long time, As a result the dies are washed out,As a result the dies are washed out, fibers are damaged andfibers are damaged and fabric is deformed.fabric is deformed. IID Institute of Innovative Design
- 16. Attempts to improve the effect of surfactantsAttempts to improve the effect of surfactants (application of bleach, enzymes) have brought(application of bleach, enzymes) have brought into being detergents of modern complicatedinto being detergents of modern complicated formulations.formulations. Each new component added slightly improved theEach new component added slightly improved the main function, but at the same time brought aboutmain function, but at the same time brought about new undesirable effects.new undesirable effects. To suppress these effects new components wereTo suppress these effects new components were added, and so on. Can this go on to infinity?added, and so on. Can this go on to infinity? This makes sense until the sum of positive properties gained is larger than the sum of payment- undesirable effects. Current ratio is as follows: positive functions - 28%, negative - 55%, auxiliary - 17% (these functions are useless in washing) IID Institute of Innovative Design
- 17. Avenue to increase Main functionAvenue to increase Main function Degree of novelty Principle of solution Result Builders - the same Variation of composition of builders New principles of Washing/cleaning To separate contradictory properties In time and space To eliminate Sources of harmful functions To enhance useful functions of remaining builders To introduce new elements with enlarged useful function To introduce new elements with enlarged useful function Change physical- chemical principle of detachment of soil separate feed of builders under program Replace a part of components for new Builders for new solvents, Physical fields microbiology NEW PROCESSESIMPROVEMENT OF PROCESS IID Institute of Innovative Design
- 18. CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS 1.1. Patent studies of the recent 25 yearsPatent studies of the recent 25 years have demonstrated the field of detergentshave demonstrated the field of detergents to have to parallel interrelated processes:to have to parallel interrelated processes: ? IncreasingIncreasing number ofnumber of patentedpatented formulationsformulations indicative of theindicative of the aspiration ofaspiration of manufacturersmanufacturers to expandto expand business, developbusiness, develop new trade marks;new trade marks; Decreasing functionalDecreasing functional surplus in each newsurplus in each new formulation as comparedformulation as compared to the formulations of theto the formulations of the 70s;70s; in recent 3-5 years thein recent 3-5 years the formulations differ only informulations differ only in names of substances,names of substances, their functionaltheir functional significance being almostsignificance being almost identical.identical. IID Institute of Innovative Design
- 19. CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS Interrelation of these processes is obvious (TIPS has found it in numerous engineering systems): the less valuable is the heuristic solution obtained, the higher is the wish to compensate the quality of patents by their quantity. TIPS calls this period in the life of a system ¡°aging of the system¡±. This suggests a necessity to pass over to fundamentally novel solutions. IID Institute of Innovative Design
- 20. CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS 2. Cooperation with washing machine manufacturers2. Cooperation with washing machine manufacturers to increase the synergism of combined effect ofto increase the synergism of combined effect of mechanical and chemical factors is not beneficial formechanical and chemical factors is not beneficial for P&G - improved mechanical factor will have goodP&G - improved mechanical factor will have good effect on every detergent.effect on every detergent. Only a slight probability exists that the mechanical factorOnly a slight probability exists that the mechanical factor can be changed so and such new components for detergentscan be changed so and such new components for detergents can be added that their sum will bring forth a pronounced jumpcan be added that their sum will bring forth a pronounced jump in synergism, In this case the changes in the washing machinein synergism, In this case the changes in the washing machine must be determined by a certain ¡°X¡± component that will needmust be determined by a certain ¡°X¡± component that will need a different method of activation to reveal its effect.a different method of activation to reveal its effect. Thus, first it is necessary to find this ¡°X¡± component and next consider versions of changes in mechanical activation. IID Institute of Innovative Design
- 21. CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS 3. P&G is interested to3. P&G is interested to manufacture a chemicalmanufacture a chemical product for householdproduct for household washing, so, major effortswashing, so, major efforts should be focused to find newshould be focused to find new detergent formulations.detergent formulations. IID Institute of Innovative Design
- 22. CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS 4. A ¡°fundamentally novel solution¡± for detergents means4. A ¡°fundamentally novel solution¡± for detergents means to abandon components that impair the processto abandon components that impair the process (deteriorate other components, deteriorate fabric).(deteriorate other components, deteriorate fabric). Components that perform correctiveComponents that perform corrective and auxiliary functions have to be abandoned.and auxiliary functions have to be abandoned. New components to make improveNew components to make improve detachment of soil form fabric must be addeddetachment of soil form fabric must be added IID Institute of Innovative Design
- 23. CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS 5. Preliminary5. Preliminary analysis demonstrates that:analysis demonstrates that: A) Along with surfactants it is required to use other substances detaching soilA) Along with surfactants it is required to use other substances detaching soil (e, g, triple systems ¡°water-intermediate solvent-organic solvent¡±);(e, g, triple systems ¡°water-intermediate solvent-organic solvent¡±); B) Bleach as a substance devoid of selective action has to be excluded from theB) Bleach as a substance devoid of selective action has to be excluded from the formulation or its action must be strictly selective;formulation or its action must be strictly selective; C) Enzyme types must be more numerous to enlarge the range of their action onC) Enzyme types must be more numerous to enlarge the range of their action on soil types, to meet economic requirements their effect must be strictly selective;soil types, to meet economic requirements their effect must be strictly selective; D) The washing process must use little water with higher concentration of acting components and shorter (to prevent fibers from swelling); limit low-water process is to steam out the fabric components with previously deposited on it (steam fed through a nozzle can be a source of ultra-mega- hypersound, at this); E) Movement of washing liquid through fabric must be unilateral to excludeE) Movement of washing liquid through fabric must be unilateral to exclude recurrent deposition of soil (soil held by filter in the circulation loop).recurrent deposition of soil (soil held by filter in the circulation loop). IID Institute of Innovative Design