�ݺ�ߣ

Editor's Notes

1. Redia serkaria
2. Eggs of Opisthorchis spp. are 19-30 µm long by 10-20 µm wide and are often indistinguishable from the eggs of Clonorchissinensis.  The eggs are operculated and possess prominent opercular 'shoulders' and andabopercular knob.  The eggs are embryonated when passed in feces.
3. Clonorchissinensis eggs are small, ranging in size from 27 to 35 µm by 11 to 20 µm.  The eggs are oval shaped with a convex operculum, that rests on visible "shoulders," at the smaller end of the egg.  At the opposite (larger, abopercular) end, a small knob or hooklike protrusion is often visible.  The miracidium is visible inside the egg.
4. Dewasa♂ MikroskopisPerhatikanoesaphagusnya yang khasdikelilingi body cell. Yang jantanekornyamelengkungdengan papilla.
5. Brugiamalayi
6. Schistosomamansoni eggs are large (114 to 180 µm long by 45-70 µm wide) and have a characteristic shape, with a prominent lateral spine near the posterior end.  The anterior end is tapered and slightly curved.  When the eggs are excreted in stool, they contain a mature miracidium.
7. Paragonimuswestermani eggs range from 80-120 µm long by 45-70 µm wide.  They are yellow-brown, ovoid or elongate, with a thick shell, and often asymmetrical with one end slightly flattened.  At the large end, the operculum is clearly visible.  The opposite (abopercular) end is thickened.  The eggs are unembryonated when passed in sputum or feces.
8. B.malayi
9. Eggs of Fasciola hepatica are broadly ellipsoidal, operculated and measure 130-150 µm long by 60-90 µm wide.  The eggs are unembryonated when passed in feces.  The eggs of F. hepatica can be difficult to distinguish from Fasciolopsis spp., although the abopercular end of the former often has a roughened or irregular area.
10. The eggs of Schistosomajaponicum are large and more rounded than other species, measuring 70-100 µm long by 55-64 µm wide.  The spine on S. japonicum eggs is smaller and less conspicuous than other species.  Eggs are shed in stool.
11. Microfilaria Wuchereriabancrofti
12. The eggs of Schistosomahaematobium are large (110-170 µm long by 40-70 µm wide) and bear a conspicuous terminal spine.  Eggs contain a mature miracidium when shed in urine.
13. Eggs of Fasciola hepatica are broadly ellipsoidal, operculated and measure 130-150 µm long by 60-90 µm wide.  The eggs are unembryonated when passed in feces.  The eggs of F. hepatica can be difficult to distinguish from Fasciolopsis spp., although the abopercular end of the former often has a roughened or irregular area.
14. Serkariaschistosoma
15. Clonorchissinensis adults are flattened and measure approximately 10-25 mm long by 3-5 mm wide.  Like other flukes, they are hermaphroditic, with a single ovary situated anterior to two branches testes.  Adults reside in the biliary passages of the liver of the definitive host.
16. Wuchereriabancrofti
17. Adults of Fasciola hepatica are large and broadly-flattened, measuring up to 30 mm long and 15 mm wide.  The anterior end is cone-shaped, unlike the rounded anterior end ofFasciolopsisbuski.  Adults reside in the bile ducts of the liver in the definitive host.
18. B.TimoriNokturna
19. Adults of Opisthorchis spp. are similar to, but often smaller than, Clonorchissinensis.  Adults measure approximately 7 mm long by 1.5 mm wide in the human host (adults are slightly smaller in feline hosts).  Adults of Opisthorchis spp. differ from adults of Clonorchis in the shape of the testes.  The distribution of the vitelline glands is also different.  Both genera are similar, however, in having a ventral sucker (acetabulum) smaller than the oral sucker.  Adults reside in the bile ducts of the definitive host.