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Imagery in English and Arabic
‫العربية‬ ‫و‬ ‫االنجليزية‬ ‫اللغتين‬ ‫في‬ ‫الصورة‬
by
Nasreddin Bushra Ahmed
Assist. Prof.English Department

Introduction
•Language is, perhaps, the most important of Allah’s
endowments that distinguish human beings from other
creatures. Language is said to be a species specific and
species uniform i.e only humans have it and all normal
humans have it.
•‫س‬ ‫علي‬ ‫بها‬ ‫فضلهم‬ ‫التي‬ ‫البشر‬ ‫علي‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫نعم‬ ‫اعظم‬ ‫هي‬ ‫اللغة‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫ربما‬‫ائر‬
‫المخلوقات‬.‫البش‬ ‫كافة‬ ‫وان‬ ‫البشري‬ ‫الجنس‬ ‫في‬ ‫فقط‬ ‫محصورة‬ ‫فاللغة‬‫ر‬
‫توحد‬ ‫و‬ ‫سواهم‬ ‫عن‬ ‫البشر‬ ‫بني‬ ‫تمييز‬ ‫فهي‬ ‫ليستخدمونها‬ ‫الطبيعيين‬‫هم‬
•Language permeates all aspects of human life. There is no
imaginable situation where language is not involved- not
even dreams.
•‫من‬ ‫ظرف‬ ‫او‬ ‫االحوال‬ ‫من‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫ثمة‬ ‫فليست‬ ‫اوجه‬ ‫كل‬ ‫في‬ ‫اللغة‬ ‫تتغلغل‬
‫دور‬ ‫اللغة‬ ‫فيه‬ ‫تعلب‬ ‫ال‬ ‫الظروف‬-‫االحالم‬ ‫حني‬

…
• It is a priori that the relation between form and meaning in
language is arbitrary (no natural connection whatsoever). According
to theorists interested in this area of investigation, native speakers
of a language, presumably, have a mental image of the object
named by the linguistic form whenever they hear it. This may be
true for concrete entity, but language does not only consist of
concrete object. Language, also include abstract concepts . I can
have a mental image of a chair, but what kind image can envisage
when I hear the word patience , honor or truth.
•‫من‬‫المسلمات‬‫انة‬‫ليست‬‫ثمة‬‫عالقة‬‫طبيعة‬‫بين‬‫اللفظ‬‫و‬‫المعني‬‫في‬‫اللغة‬‫و‬‫يعت‬‫بر‬‫االرتباط‬
‫بين‬‫االثنين‬‫ارتباطا‬‫عفوىا‬(‫اعتباطي‬).‫تبعا‬‫لما‬‫يقوله‬‫المنظرين‬‫في‬‫هذا‬‫الم‬‫جال‬‫البحثي‬‫انه‬
‫يمكن‬‫ان‬‫يفترض‬‫ان‬‫المتحدثون‬‫بلغة‬‫معينة‬‫تتشكل‬‫لديهم‬‫صور‬‫ذهنية‬‫للشئ‬‫ا‬‫لذي‬‫يطلق‬
‫عليه‬‫لفظ‬‫ما‬‫عندما‬‫يسمعون‬‫ذلك‬‫اللفظ‬.‫قد‬‫يصح‬‫هذا‬‫االفتراض‬‫علي‬‫االشياء‬‫ال‬‫محسوسة‬‫و‬
‫لكن‬‫ليست‬‫كل‬‫الكلمات‬‫الموجودة‬‫في‬‫اللغة‬‫ترجع‬‫لمحسوسات‬.‫اللغة‬‫تحوي‬‫علي‬‫م‬‫فاهيم‬
‫معنوية‬.‫يمكن‬‫ان‬‫تتشكل‬‫في‬‫ذهن‬‫االنسان‬‫صورة‬‫لكرسى‬–‫مثال‬-‫لكن‬‫ما‬‫الصور‬‫ة‬‫التي‬
‫يمكن‬‫يتخيلها‬‫اذا‬‫سمع‬‫الفاظ‬‫مثل‬‫الصبر‬/‫الشرف‬‫او‬‫االمانة‬

..
•Probably, for this reason language users resort to the use of
imagery in an attempt to attain a better communicative effects
when they are dealing with abstract matters or unfamiliar concrete
•entities or experiences. To say for example “ I warmly welcome you
to my lecture” , I am, here, using an image that invokes the sense
of touch whereby the listener could have a mental sensation of
warmth conveyed by qualifying the word welcome by warm.
•‫افضل‬ ‫تواصلية‬ ‫نتائج‬ ‫الي‬ ‫الوصول‬ ‫اجل‬ ‫من‬ ‫الصورة‬ ‫اللغة‬ ‫مستخدمى‬ ‫يلجا‬ ‫ربما‬‫عندما‬
‫غير‬ ‫حسية‬ ‫اشياء‬ ‫او‬ ‫معنوية‬ ‫امورا‬ ‫يتناولون‬‫مألوفة‬.‫فان‬ ‫المثال‬ ‫سبيل‬ ‫علي‬‫قول‬‫ي‬”‫ارحب‬
‫الي‬ ‫حارا‬ ‫ترحاب‬ ‫بكم‬‫محاضرتي‬”‫فانني‬‫ح‬ ‫تستدعي‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الصورة‬ ‫استخدم‬ ‫هنا‬‫اللمس‬ ‫اسة‬
‫ت‬ ‫يحمله‬ ‫بالدفء‬ ‫ذهني‬ ‫احساس‬ ‫علي‬ ‫الحصول‬ ‫من‬ ‫المستمع‬ ‫امكن‬ ‫طريقها‬ ‫عن‬ ‫اللتي‬ ‫و‬‫عت‬
‫حار‬ ‫بكلمة‬ ‫ترحاب‬ ‫كلمة‬
•

Definition of Imagery
• Imagery means the use of figurative language
to represent objects, actions and ideas in
such a way that it appeals to our physical
senses. It is essentially a mental picture
created by the use of language
•‫لألشياء‬ ‫لتمثيل‬ ‫اللغوي‬ ‫المجاز‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫هي‬ ‫الصورة‬
‫البش‬ ‫الحواس‬ ‫جذب‬ ‫و‬ ‫استمالة‬ ‫بغرض‬ ‫االفكار‬ ‫و‬ ‫واألفعال‬‫رية‬
‫باستخدا‬ ‫ترسم‬ ‫ذهنية‬ ‫صورة‬ ‫االساس‬ ‫في‬ ‫فهي‬ ‫الطبيعة‬‫اللغة‬ ‫م‬

Ubiquity of imagery
•Though frequently thought of as a property of
only poetic language, imagery is commonly
used in all settings , whether formal or
informal , poetic or prosaic classical or
colloquial;
•‫اللغة‬ ‫خواص‬ ‫من‬ ‫الصورة‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ظن‬ُ‫ي‬ ‫ما‬ ‫كثيرا‬ ‫انه‬ ‫برغم‬
‫الرسمي‬ ‫المقامات‬ ‫كافة‬ ‫في‬ ‫توجد‬ ‫انها‬ ‫إال‬ ‫فقط‬ ‫الشعرية‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬
‫الشعبية‬‫الدارجة‬ ‫و‬ ‫الفصيحة‬ ‫النثرية‬ ‫و‬ ‫الشعرية‬

Types of imagery
• There are basically five types of imagery corresponding to
our five senses. They are visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile
and gustatory imageries . In addition, there are other two
secondary types of imagery. One pertains to our muscular
and joints movements: kinesthetic imagery, and the other is
organic imagery which is related to our internal sensations
such as hunger, thirst ,fatigue etc.
• ‫الخمس‬ ‫حواسنا‬ ‫مع‬ ‫تتساوى‬ ‫الذهنية‬ ‫الصور‬ ‫من‬ ‫انواع‬ ‫خمسة‬ ‫باألساس‬ ‫هنالك‬:
0‫و‬ ‫السمعية‬ ‫و‬ ‫البصرية‬ ‫الصورة‬ ‫فهناك‬‫الشمية‬‫التي‬ ‫الصورة‬ ‫و‬ ‫الذوقية‬ ‫و‬
‫بحاسة‬ ‫ترتبط‬‫اللمس‬0‫باالضافة‬‫الصورة‬ ‫من‬ ‫نوعين‬ ‫هناك‬ ‫لهذه‬-‫تتعلق‬ ‫احداهما‬
‫المفاصل‬ ‫و‬ ‫العضالت‬ ‫بحركة‬‫و‬(‫الحركية‬)‫الداخلي‬ ‫بالشعور‬ ‫مرتبطة‬ ‫االخرة‬ ‫و‬
‫التعب‬ ‫و‬ ‫العطش‬ ‫و‬ ‫كالجوع‬‫الخ‬.(‫العضوية‬)

1-visual Imagery
• Visual imagery: appeal to our sense of sight. It is
the most commonly used in poetic and everyday
uses of language: below are some examples from
English and Arabic poetry
• That time of year thou may’st in me behold
• When yellow leave or none or few do hang
• Upon those boughs that shake against the cold.
• (William Shakespeare )
‫فبكى‬ ‫برأسه‬ ‫المشيب‬ ‫ضحك‬ ‫رجل‬ ‫من‬ ‫سلم‬ ‫يا‬ ‫تعجبي‬ ‫ال‬
(‫دعبل‬‫الخزاعي‬)

More examples of visual imagery
•The wrinkled sea beneath him crawls
•He watches from his mountain walls
And like a thunderbolt he falls.
(Tennyson )
•‫هام‬ ‫قد‬ ‫صنم‬ ‫علي‬ ‫إال‬ ‫بهم‬ ‫تمر‬ ‫ال‬ ‫فوضي‬ ‫الناس‬ ‫و‬ ‫اتيت‬‫بصنم‬
•(‫شوقي‬)
•

2-Auditory imagery : Appeals to the
sense of hearing
• Silence ye wolves when Ralph to Cynthia howls
• And makes the night hideous; Answer him ye owls.
• (Pope)
• ‫احيانا‬ ‫العين‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫تعشق‬ ‫االذن‬ ‫و‬ ‫عاشقة‬ ‫الحي‬ ‫لبعض‬ ‫اذني‬ ‫قوم‬ ‫يا‬
• (‫بشار‬)
• Heard melodies are sweet
• But those unheard are sweeter
• (Keats)
• ‫بريح‬ ‫استعان‬ ‫كما‬ ‫انصرفت‬ ‫اذا‬ ‫وسواسا‬ ‫للحلي‬ ‫تسمع‬‫عشرق‬‫زجل‬
• (‫االعشى‬)

3-Olfactory imagery
•-Olfactory imagery appeals to the sense of smell:
•They silently inhale
•The clover-scented gale
•And the vapors that arise
•From the well-watered and smoking soil
•‫شمل‬ ‫اردانها‬ ‫من‬ ‫الورد‬ ‫والزنبق‬ ‫اصورة‬ ‫المسك‬ ‫يضوع‬ ‫تقوم‬ ‫اذا‬
•(‫االعشى‬)
•‫حسود‬ ‫لسان‬ ‫لها‬ ‫اتاح‬ ‫طويت‬ ‫فضيلة‬ ‫نشر‬ ‫اراد‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫اذا‬
•‫العود‬ ‫عرف‬ ‫طيب‬ ‫يعرف‬ ‫كان‬ ‫ما‬ ‫جاورت‬ ‫ما‬ ‫في‬ ‫النار‬ ‫اشتعال‬ ‫لوال‬
•(‫تمام‬ ‫ابو‬)

Tactile imagery continued
•Feelings of pain and pleasure are also tactile
and they are frequently
•What thou among the leaves hast never known
•The weariness the fever and the fret
•Here where men sit and hear each other groan
•(Keats)
•‫اعرضت‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ان‬ ‫و‬ ‫نظرت‬ ‫ان‬ ‫وباله‬‫اليم‬ ‫نزعهن‬ ‫و‬ ‫السهام‬ ‫وقع‬
•(‫الرومي‬ ‫ابن‬)

Gustatory imagery5-
•Gustatory imagery :Appeals to the sense of sweet bitter sour delicious etc.
))taste
•I will complain, yet praise
•I will bewail, approve
•And all my sweet-sour days
•I will lament and love
•(George Herbert)
•‫مرا‬ ‫يجد‬ ‫مريض‬ ‫مر‬ ‫فم‬ ‫ذا‬ ‫يكن‬ ‫ومن‬‫به‬‫الماء‬‫الزالال‬
•(‫المتنبي‬)
•For he of honey dew hath fed
•And drunk the milk of paradise
•(Coleridge )
•‫الثعلب‬ ‫يروغ‬ ‫كما‬ ‫منك‬ ‫يروغ‬ ‫و‬ ‫حالوة‬ ‫اللسان‬ ‫طرف‬ ‫من‬ ‫يعطيك‬
•(‫ماضي‬ ‫ابو‬)

6-Kinesthetic imagery
•Kinesthetic imagery :has to do with the
mental picture pertaining to movements:
•
•Tossing their heads in sprightly dance…”
•(Wordsworth )
•‫ال‬ ‫بلله‬ ‫العصفور‬ ‫انتفض‬ ‫كما‬ ‫رعشة‬ ‫لذكراك‬ ‫لتعرون‬ ‫إني‬ ‫و‬‫قطر‬

7-Organic imagery
•Organic imagery - internal sensation: hunger,
thirst, fatigue, fear etc.
•My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains
•My sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk,
•(Keats)
•‫دونه‬ ‫والموت‬ ،‫بالوصل‬ ‫معللتي‬
•‫القطر‬ ‫نزل‬ ‫فال‬ ‫ظمأنا‬ ‫مت‬ ‫إذا‬
•(‫فراس‬ ‫ابو‬)

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