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Important slides for AQ

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Pepper Lee
Pepper Lee

Street-Porter highlights that although people do not enjoy their work, they put up with it because work provides income to spend on luxuries and rewards. Street-Porter also points out that for many people, work now takes top priority in their lives and leaves no time for other things. The document provides guidelines for writing body paragraphs in response to questions, including identifying the author's claim, explaining the claim, taking a position on whether you agree or disagree, evaluating the argument, providing examples from Singapore, and restating the point that answers the question. It cautions against simply restating what the author said without analysis.

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SLIDES FOR ASKNLEARN (AQ)
PARAGRAPH DEVELOPMENT FOR AQS What might the body paragraphs look like? 2
What to write in each body paragraph 1. Identify authors claim Paraphrase (Ex) or Quote (not more than a phrase) 2. Explain this claim: Use your own words. What does he mean by this? 3. Answer the Qn: Make your stand: Do you agree / disagree? (R) Is it applicable to Singapore? (R) 4. Evaluate argument Is his reasoning sound / valid? (Ev) Is it applicable to Singapore? (Ev) 5. Exemplify with evidence from Singapore. (R+ Ev) 6. Reiterate point that answers the question. NOT: why does he say this?
4 Street-Porter highlights that although people do not enjoy their work, they put up with all of the crap because work provides income for people to then spend on luxuries and rewards (para 4). 1. IDENTIFYING AUTHORS CLAIM In addition, Street-Porter points out that for many people, work now takes top priority in their lives and we do not have time left (para 5).
5 1. IDENTIFYING AUTHORS CLAIM According to (writers last name) Reeves raised the point that Reeves asserted that Reeves view that In his article, Reeves claimed that (State the point you have chosen to discuss). Note: It is a good practice cite where the argument is found in the passage ie (para 4) or (line 45)
6 1. Why should I PARAPHRASE THE CLAIM? WHY? If paraphrased accurately, you will, in essence also be EXPLAINING the key terms used by the author. If you are able to accurately TRANSLATE a phrase into another language, you effectively demonstrate that you UNDERSTAND the essence of the phrase.
7 Hey!. I just met you. This is crazy. And heres my number. So call me, maybe. --- Carly Rae Jepson Paraphrased: When NOT to paraphrase
8 1. WHICH CLAIMS DO I IDENTIFY? Basically, the points must be arguments that ideally support the authors overall thesis, and not random detail. Tip: Have a look at the summary question; it usually asks you to pick out the passages main ideas. .
TO ILLUSTRATE USING VJC MYE 2011 9
Select the main arguments: Suroweicki claims that the Amish are a content and optimistic group of people. The author believes that there is something inherently unstable about peoples perceptions of their well-being. Suroweicki highlights that we very quickly take new technological advances for granted and soon find them mundane or even a source of frustration. The author believes that buying a 70-inch plasma television will ensure that our satisfaction levels do not drop for the next few years. 10
Select the main arguments: Suroweicki claims that the Amish are a content and optimistic group of people. The author believes that there is something inherently unstable about peoples perceptions of their well-being. Suroweicki highlights that we very quickly take new technological advances for granted and soon find them mundane or even a source of frustration. The author believes that buying a 70-inch plasma television will ensure that our satisfaction levels do not drop for the next few years. 11
3 AQ Evaluation Strategies: 1. Evaluate causative link in the argument Key terms: Valid/ invalid; Sound/ unsound; 2. Question the social context of argument and its applicability Key terms: (Ir)relevant/ (In)applicable/ Feasible/ not feasible 3. Evaluate authors underlying assumptions Key terms: Biased? Baseless assumption? Fraudulent? Dated assumption? 12 4. EVALUATING the authors claims
13 1. Evaluate causative link in the argument: 4. EVALUATING the authors claims
Correlation DOESNT NECESSARILY MEAN Causation 14 Does the author make SIMPLISTIC CAUSATION LINKS? Does the author neglect other mediating factors? Claim #1: Violent films are harmful for children because they provoke aggressive behaviour in them. Claim #2: Violent films may be harmful for children because they may increase the risk of aggressive behaviour, especially if parents/ guardians are not around to point out that such behaviour is unacceptable.
Correlation DOESNT NECESSARILY MEAN Causation 15 Claim #1: Violent films are harmful for children because they provoke aggressive behaviour in them. Claim #2: Violent films may be harmful for children because they may increase the risk of aggressive behaviour, especially if parents/ guardians are not around to point out that such behaviour is unacceptable. Both claims imply correlation. The first one implies a simplistic causation. The second ACKNOWLEDGES that there are other FACTORS that may also contribute to children exhibiting aggressive behaviour.
How do I show BALANCE in my EVALUATION? Simply do not support EVERY one of the 3-4 main arguments picked out. For in your society questions: Ideally: You can provide two to three points that find authors views applicable, and maybe one point where it is not so applicable. BUT 16
What if I find it difficult to disagree with the authors claim? Ways to DISAGREE with an argument: The Not true rebuttal. Refute by looking at the causative links and the underlying assumptions. The Even if Rebuttal. (Higher-level) Here, youre conceding that the authors claim is accurate for some points, but despite that, the authors points do not undermine your personal stand. 17
Ways to DISAGREE with an argument: The Ignores the fact that Rebuttal This kind of argument really demonstrates higher-order thinking. Authors are usually masters in the art of persuasion and it is not so easy spot what they are ignoring. For example, refer to the VJC MYE AQ. 18
Suroweicki claims that technologys perpetual generation of new products directly results in a decline in our happiness levels (para ..). He even goes as far as to make the sweeping statement that disappointment were built into acquisition [of new products] from the beginning. I find that these are sweeping statements; whilst technology does not hold the key to long-term happiness, it is NOT TRUE that disappointment is embedded into our acquisition of new technological tools. In Singapore, and other developed countries, people formed snaking queues outside Apple branches so as to purchase the latest gadget. Are they queuing to purchase disappointment? I think not. EVEN IF these tech-savvy consumers know that Apple will come up with a newer iPhone/ iPad, they continue to stand in line, because.. Suroweicki IGNORES the emotions of anticipation/ amazement/ awe, and instead chooses to focus only on the potential for disappointment.As such, [concluding statement] 19
Task: Disagree with these statements. [O]ne of the few things we can say for certain is that the more friends and close relationships people have, the happier they tend to be. 20 First, identify that this is an ASSUMPTION. Then ask yourself: More friends and close relationships = Happiness? Is this a CAUSATIVE LINK or a COORELATION? More friends and close relationships = Higher tendency to be happy?
Task: Disagree with these statements. On relentless generation of newness: It is as if disappointment were built into acquisition from the beginning (para 9) 21 First, identify that this is an SWEEPING STATEMENT/ GENERALIZATION. Then ask yourself: Does the author focus only on the negatives? Has the author neglected the positive impact on our well-being ie positive emotions like ANTICIPATION/ AWE/ HOPE?
How to finesse your EVALUATION Tip: The given how tag. The given how tag helps ensure that your reasoning is not a mere rehash of the very same generic reasons stated in the passage. Instead, you will (most likely) list down characteristics of your society that make an argument applicable/ inapplicable. (ie. Given how Singapore is a small, multiracial, Asian, pragmatic, young, developed, densely-populated, knowledge-based economy, ). Disclaimer: The tag given how does not automatically make your reasoning original and insightful. 22
TO ILLUSTRATE USING VJC MYE 2011 23
Surowiecki highlights the speed at which we become accustomed to new technologies (para 4) and argues that this hedonic adaptation could result in technology being a source of frustration. I largely agree and see this phenomenon evident in Singapore. Given how Singaporeans are heavily-dependent on technology for its transport network, it is no surprise that recent MRT breakdowns have led to frustration amongst commuters who rely on the reliability of the MRT system every day.Thus, I agree that hedonic adaptions strips the novelty factor away from technological inventions, and may even cause additional frustration when 24 - Identify claim - Explanation - Make a stand - Evaluate applicability by identifying characteristics of Singapore - Exemplify/ Support with evidence from Singapore - Reiterate and answer the question
Johnson points out that the study of History has value because it helps us to learn from the mistakes of others (para 3). I feel that an understanding of history is important for my society. Given how Singapore is a fairly young and inexperienced country, learning from the mistakes and obstacles of similar nation states before us is essential for helping us progress in an informed and cautious manner.... . Thus, Johnsons view confirms my assessment of historys value for my society. 25 - Identify claim - Explanation - Make a stand - Evaluate applicability by identifying characteristics of Singapore - Exemplify/ Support with evidence from Singapore (not shown) - Reiterate and answer the question

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Important slides for AQ

  • 2. PARAGRAPH DEVELOPMENT FOR AQS What might the body paragraphs look like? 2
  • 3. What to write in each body paragraph 1. Identify authors claim Paraphrase (Ex) or Quote (not more than a phrase) 2. Explain this claim: Use your own words. What does he mean by this? 3. Answer the Qn: Make your stand: Do you agree / disagree? (R) Is it applicable to Singapore? (R) 4. Evaluate argument Is his reasoning sound / valid? (Ev) Is it applicable to Singapore? (Ev) 5. Exemplify with evidence from Singapore. (R+ Ev) 6. Reiterate point that answers the question. NOT: why does he say this?
  • 4. 4 Street-Porter highlights that although people do not enjoy their work, they put up with all of the crap because work provides income for people to then spend on luxuries and rewards (para 4). 1. IDENTIFYING AUTHORS CLAIM In addition, Street-Porter points out that for many people, work now takes top priority in their lives and we do not have time left (para 5).
  • 5. 5 1. IDENTIFYING AUTHORS CLAIM According to (writers last name) Reeves raised the point that Reeves asserted that Reeves view that In his article, Reeves claimed that (State the point you have chosen to discuss). Note: It is a good practice cite where the argument is found in the passage ie (para 4) or (line 45)
  • 6. 6 1. Why should I PARAPHRASE THE CLAIM? WHY? If paraphrased accurately, you will, in essence also be EXPLAINING the key terms used by the author. If you are able to accurately TRANSLATE a phrase into another language, you effectively demonstrate that you UNDERSTAND the essence of the phrase.
  • 7. 7 Hey!. I just met you. This is crazy. And heres my number. So call me, maybe. --- Carly Rae Jepson Paraphrased: When NOT to paraphrase
  • 8. 8 1. WHICH CLAIMS DO I IDENTIFY? Basically, the points must be arguments that ideally support the authors overall thesis, and not random detail. Tip: Have a look at the summary question; it usually asks you to pick out the passages main ideas. .
  • 10. Select the main arguments: Suroweicki claims that the Amish are a content and optimistic group of people. The author believes that there is something inherently unstable about peoples perceptions of their well-being. Suroweicki highlights that we very quickly take new technological advances for granted and soon find them mundane or even a source of frustration. The author believes that buying a 70-inch plasma television will ensure that our satisfaction levels do not drop for the next few years. 10
  • 11. Select the main arguments: Suroweicki claims that the Amish are a content and optimistic group of people. The author believes that there is something inherently unstable about peoples perceptions of their well-being. Suroweicki highlights that we very quickly take new technological advances for granted and soon find them mundane or even a source of frustration. The author believes that buying a 70-inch plasma television will ensure that our satisfaction levels do not drop for the next few years. 11
  • 12. 3 AQ Evaluation Strategies: 1. Evaluate causative link in the argument Key terms: Valid/ invalid; Sound/ unsound; 2. Question the social context of argument and its applicability Key terms: (Ir)relevant/ (In)applicable/ Feasible/ not feasible 3. Evaluate authors underlying assumptions Key terms: Biased? Baseless assumption? Fraudulent? Dated assumption? 12 4. EVALUATING the authors claims
  • 13. 13 1. Evaluate causative link in the argument: 4. EVALUATING the authors claims
  • 14. Correlation DOESNT NECESSARILY MEAN Causation 14 Does the author make SIMPLISTIC CAUSATION LINKS? Does the author neglect other mediating factors? Claim #1: Violent films are harmful for children because they provoke aggressive behaviour in them. Claim #2: Violent films may be harmful for children because they may increase the risk of aggressive behaviour, especially if parents/ guardians are not around to point out that such behaviour is unacceptable.
  • 15. Correlation DOESNT NECESSARILY MEAN Causation 15 Claim #1: Violent films are harmful for children because they provoke aggressive behaviour in them. Claim #2: Violent films may be harmful for children because they may increase the risk of aggressive behaviour, especially if parents/ guardians are not around to point out that such behaviour is unacceptable. Both claims imply correlation. The first one implies a simplistic causation. The second ACKNOWLEDGES that there are other FACTORS that may also contribute to children exhibiting aggressive behaviour.
  • 16. How do I show BALANCE in my EVALUATION? Simply do not support EVERY one of the 3-4 main arguments picked out. For in your society questions: Ideally: You can provide two to three points that find authors views applicable, and maybe one point where it is not so applicable. BUT 16
  • 17. What if I find it difficult to disagree with the authors claim? Ways to DISAGREE with an argument: The Not true rebuttal. Refute by looking at the causative links and the underlying assumptions. The Even if Rebuttal. (Higher-level) Here, youre conceding that the authors claim is accurate for some points, but despite that, the authors points do not undermine your personal stand. 17
  • 18. Ways to DISAGREE with an argument: The Ignores the fact that Rebuttal This kind of argument really demonstrates higher-order thinking. Authors are usually masters in the art of persuasion and it is not so easy spot what they are ignoring. For example, refer to the VJC MYE AQ. 18
  • 19. Suroweicki claims that technologys perpetual generation of new products directly results in a decline in our happiness levels (para ..). He even goes as far as to make the sweeping statement that disappointment were built into acquisition [of new products] from the beginning. I find that these are sweeping statements; whilst technology does not hold the key to long-term happiness, it is NOT TRUE that disappointment is embedded into our acquisition of new technological tools. In Singapore, and other developed countries, people formed snaking queues outside Apple branches so as to purchase the latest gadget. Are they queuing to purchase disappointment? I think not. EVEN IF these tech-savvy consumers know that Apple will come up with a newer iPhone/ iPad, they continue to stand in line, because.. Suroweicki IGNORES the emotions of anticipation/ amazement/ awe, and instead chooses to focus only on the potential for disappointment.As such, [concluding statement] 19
  • 20. Task: Disagree with these statements. [O]ne of the few things we can say for certain is that the more friends and close relationships people have, the happier they tend to be. 20 First, identify that this is an ASSUMPTION. Then ask yourself: More friends and close relationships = Happiness? Is this a CAUSATIVE LINK or a COORELATION? More friends and close relationships = Higher tendency to be happy?
  • 21. Task: Disagree with these statements. On relentless generation of newness: It is as if disappointment were built into acquisition from the beginning (para 9) 21 First, identify that this is an SWEEPING STATEMENT/ GENERALIZATION. Then ask yourself: Does the author focus only on the negatives? Has the author neglected the positive impact on our well-being ie positive emotions like ANTICIPATION/ AWE/ HOPE?
  • 22. How to finesse your EVALUATION Tip: The given how tag. The given how tag helps ensure that your reasoning is not a mere rehash of the very same generic reasons stated in the passage. Instead, you will (most likely) list down characteristics of your society that make an argument applicable/ inapplicable. (ie. Given how Singapore is a small, multiracial, Asian, pragmatic, young, developed, densely-populated, knowledge-based economy, ). Disclaimer: The tag given how does not automatically make your reasoning original and insightful. 22
  • 23. TO ILLUSTRATE USING VJC MYE 2011 23
  • 24. Surowiecki highlights the speed at which we become accustomed to new technologies (para 4) and argues that this hedonic adaptation could result in technology being a source of frustration. I largely agree and see this phenomenon evident in Singapore. Given how Singaporeans are heavily-dependent on technology for its transport network, it is no surprise that recent MRT breakdowns have led to frustration amongst commuters who rely on the reliability of the MRT system every day.Thus, I agree that hedonic adaptions strips the novelty factor away from technological inventions, and may even cause additional frustration when 24 - Identify claim - Explanation - Make a stand - Evaluate applicability by identifying characteristics of Singapore - Exemplify/ Support with evidence from Singapore - Reiterate and answer the question
  • 25. Johnson points out that the study of History has value because it helps us to learn from the mistakes of others (para 3). I feel that an understanding of history is important for my society. Given how Singapore is a fairly young and inexperienced country, learning from the mistakes and obstacles of similar nation states before us is essential for helping us progress in an informed and cautious manner.... . Thus, Johnsons view confirms my assessment of historys value for my society. 25 - Identify claim - Explanation - Make a stand - Evaluate applicability by identifying characteristics of Singapore - Exemplify/ Support with evidence from Singapore (not shown) - Reiterate and answer the question