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Indirecteffectsaffectsecosystem
dynamics
 Theeffectofnon足lethaleffectsinplanktonic
 community

 AlessandraL端tz;GarciaGuillerme,Maikol
 Rodriguez,ThiagoCouto,CaioGraciani,
 AngelSegura
Biodiversity
Youare
here




           DavidM.Hillis,DerrickZwickl,andRobinGutell,
           UniversityofTexas.
Energyflow

Ecosystemfunctioning
  Energyfluxes
  意姻看沿鞄庄界油馨看糸艶鉛壊
Energyflow

Beingeaten(predation)
Changeinpreyabundance
andtraits
Modifycommunitydynamics
NonConsumableEffects(NCE)
Trait足mediatedindirecteffects(TMI)

Donotimplybiomassremoval

Traitvariation:Phenotipic(size),
behaviour(dielmigration),etc
NCEeffects
 Inducibledefenses



                      意珂鴛油
NonConsumableEffects(NCE)
Trait足mediatedindirecteffects(TMI)
Notnew(Science1971)
HowrelevantareNCEsto
communitydynamics?
NCEarerelevantforpredator
足preydynamics
 Smallexperimentalsystems
 Relevant(Significativechange)
 永鉛温稼一岳看稼庄界油油油
Planktondynamics
Microbialprimaryproducers
Cellsorcolonies
Hundredsofspecies
Carbonsinking

Fastgenerationtime(days)
Easytohandle
Largesizerange
Indirect effects affects ecosystem dynamics
Planktondynamics
Toxicblooms
Ecosystemsintegrity
Biodiversityloss
Human
NCEinplankton
Widelyrecognized
Seldomlytakenintoaccount
Fewmodelsincludeexplicitlyiteffects

Longtermdynamicsofthiseffect
unexplored
AreNCEeffectsimportantfor
communitydynamics?
Hipothesis:
Inducibledefensesmodifycommunity
dynamicsbecauseofchangesinbiomass
fluxesmediatedbyNCE

Objective
Analysecommunitydynamicswhenspecies
showninducibledefensesbehaviour
Planktonicsystems
Lotsofinformationonbasic
physiology
Morphologybasedfunctionalgroups
Nutrient(Plimited)
       Group I      Group VII
Planktonicsystems
 Lotsofinformationonbasic
 physiology
 Morphologybasedfunctionalgroups
 Nutrient(Plimited)
         Group I     Group VII




Kruketal.,2010
Howtoensamblethesystem?
 Predator足Daphnia
 Limitingresource足Phosporus
 遺看馨沿艶岳庄稼乙油壊沿艶界庄艶壊
Howtoensamblethesystem?
 Predator足Daphnia
 Limitingresource足Phosporus
 遺看馨沿艶岳庄稼乙油壊沿艶界庄艶壊
 Explicitcompetition    Group I       Group
                                       VII




                                   P
Howtoensamblethesystem?
 Predator足Daphnia
 Limitingresource足Phosporus
 遺看馨沿艶岳庄稼乙油壊沿艶界庄艶壊
 Explicitcompetition    Group I       Group
                                       VII




                                   P
WhatifNCE?
 ChangeforItoVIIinthe
 prescenceofDaphnia


                           Group I       Group
                                         VII




                                     P
Letsputsomemaths!
 ChangeforItoVIIinthe
 prescenceofDaphnia(m)


                          Group I       Group
                                    m   VII




                                    P
Howdoessystembehaves?
 ChangeforItoVIIinthe
 prescenceofDaphnia(m)


                          Group I       Group
                                    m   VII




                                    P
Changesinthefixedpoints

M=0(Exclusion)   m=0.4(Coexistence)   Grou       Grou
CorG足>0                    C,G,Z,P>0        pI     m   p VII




                                                       P
Sustainedoscilations
Implicationsforbiodiversity                                         Grou
                                                                       pI     m
                                                                                  Grou
                                                                                  p VII



m=0(ExclusionG)   m=0.4(Coexistence)


                                                                              P
Whataboutnature?
Coexistence足peaks            Grou
                             pI     m
                                        Grou
                                        p VII




                    Grou
                    p VII           P
                      Grou
                      pI
Grou   m   Grou

鰻遺掘壊油温姻艶油庄馨沿看姻岳温稼岳
                                         pI         p VII




Nontrivialeffect(Peacoretal2012)          P
Influencedominanceandcoexistence

Exploredinamechanisticmodelsbasedon
physiologicalprinciples(firsttime)
鰻遺掘壊油温姻艶油庄馨沿看姻岳温稼岳                   Grou
                                     pI
                                             m   Grou
                                                 p VII


Nodatatocomparewithmodeloutput

                                         P
Designofexperimentsformodelevaluation
andbiologicalparameters

Mathemathicaltools(topologicalaspects)
Group I   m   Group VII




          P
Indirect effects affects ecosystem dynamics
m>0


      Grou   m   Grou
                 p VII
      pI




             P
m=0




      Grou   m   Grou
                 p VII
      pI




             P
Grou
                                    pI
                                           m   Grou
                                               p VII



Similarbehaviour
                                           P
Similarpatternsinsimpleandcomplexmodel

Similarmodelbeahviour(needsmoreformal
analysis)

Othercompetinggroups?Morepredators?
Indirect effects affects ecosystem dynamics
Indirect effects affects ecosystem dynamics

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