Infection Control_SLP.ppt
- 1. Infection Control GBMC Agency Nurse Orientation
- 2. Infection Control Nurse Orientation Objectives: Describe the role of isolation in preventing the spread of certain infections Describe each type of isolation with examples of diseases Understand significance of correct sequence of donning and removing PPE.
- 3. Infection Control Nurse Orientation Objectives: Understand the significance of antibiotic resistant organisms seen in hospitals Understand how surveillance for hospital acquired (nosocomial) infections is performed and the significance of surveillance data
- 4. Chain of Infection Pathogen Reservoir Portal of Exit Mode of Transmission Portal of Entry Susceptible Host Why Isolation?.. because transmission is easier to control than the source / host!
- 5. What is Infection Control? Identifying and reducing the risk of infections developing or spreading
- 6. Nosocomial Infections Develops when a patient is staying at a healthcare facility AND was not present when the patient was admitted to the facility At least 5% of patients hospitalized each year in the United States develop nosocomial infections. Many are preventable
- 7. Standard Precautions Guidelines for preventing exposure to blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions (except sweat), broken skin, or mucous membranes Based on the concept that body fluids from ANY patient can be infectious Should be used on every patient Use necessary PPE for protection CDC guidelines requires us to use category-specific isolation (ex TB isolation) in addtion to Standard Precautions when a patient is known or suspected to have an infection
- 8. Antibiotic Resistant Microorganisms normal flora gone bad! Problem exists because of overuse and inappropriate use Resistant to multiple antibiotics Reduced options for treatment Require isolation precautions Examples: MRSA, VRE, MDR TB Solutions: more appropriate antibiotic use, better infection control and prevention
- 9. CONTACT ISOLATION used to prevent transmission of microorganisms spread by direct/indirect contact with the source examples: MRSA VRE C. diff contagious skin infections Lice & Scabies
- 11. CONTACT ISOLATION BASIC COMPONENTS: gloves fluid impervious gown HANDWASHING
- 12. HAND WASHING Proper hand washing is the single most important ay to prevent and reduce infections Wash and rinse hands for 15 seconds, using a dry paper towel to turn off faucet Avagard alcohol based hand wash is also available in all patient care areas Hands should be washed: Before and after patient contact Before putting on gloves and after taking them off After touching blood and body substances (or contaminated patient-care equipment), broken skin, or mucous membranes (even if you wear gloves) Between different procedures on the same patient
- 13. DROPLET ISOLATION used to prevent transmission of microorganisms spread by large, moist droplets inhaled by or landing on the mucous membranes of the susceptible host examples: Influenza Neisseria meningitidis some pneumonias vaccine preventable diseases: rubella, mumps, pertussis
- 15. DROPLET ISOLATION BASIC COMPONENTS surgical mask within 3 foot zone HANDWASHING
- 16. AIRBORNE ISOLATION used to prevent transmission of microorganisms spread on very small particles that drift on air currents (droplet nuclei, dust) examples: pulmonary Tuberculosis varicella measles
- 17. Shingles vs. Chicken Pox Both are caused by the varicella virus Shingles remain along nerve roots and appear on a single dermatome Shingles involving multiple dermatomes or an immunocompromised patient (WBC <4.0) consider this to be systemic and isolate just like chicken pox (airborne)
- 19. AIRBORNE ISOLATION BASIC COMPONENTS: negative air pressure isolation room door remains closed fit-tested N95 respirator Call Engineering (ext. 2060) with room # to check negative pressure. yes HANDWASHING!
- 20. Surveillance Activities Operative Procedures Critical Care Units (MICU, SICU, NICU) Targeted Surveillance Outbreak Investigation
- 21. Benchmarking Hospital Acquired Infections CDCs Hospital Infections Program Submit monthly data on ICU infections Benchmarking with similar hospitals Networking opportunities Annual reports
- 22. Surveillance Data USES Improve patient outcomes by modifying patient care practices reducing length of stay Identify education needs Evaluate new products Identify new opportunities for improvement You can help by reporting suspected HAI on the infoweb!
- 23. Latex Allergy Latex can cause allergies in some healthcare workers and patients All of our non-sterile gloves are latex free If you have any type of skin or other reaction to wearing latex gloves, tell the Charge Nurse
- 24. Key Points About PPE Don before contact with the patient, generally before entering the room Use carefully dont spread contamination Remove and discard carefully, either at the doorway or immediately outside patient room; remove respirator outside room Immediately perform hand hygiene
- 25. Sequence for Donning PPE Gown first Mask or respirator Goggles or face shield Gloves
- 26. How to Safely Use PPE Keep gloved hands away from face Avoid touching or adjusting other PPE Remove gloves if they become torn; perform hand hygiene before donning new gloves Limit surfaces and items touched
- 27. Contaminated and Clean Areas of PPE Contaminated outside front Areas of PPE that have or are likely to have been in contact with body sites, materials, or environmental surfaces where the infectious organism may reside Clean inside, outside back, ties on head and back Areas of PPE that are not likely to have been in contact with the infectious organism
- 28. Sequence for Removing PPE Gloves Face shield or goggles Gown Mask or respirator
- 29. Where to Remove PPE At doorway, before leaving patient room or in anteroom* Remove respirator outside room, after door has been closed* * Ensure that hand hygiene facilities are available at the point needed, e.g., sink or alcohol-based hand rub
- 30. Removing Isolation Gown Unfasten ties Peel gown away from neck and shoulder Turn contaminated outside toward the inside Fold or roll into a bundle Discard
- 31. Removing a Mask Untie the bottom, then top, tie Remove from face Discard
- 32. Removing a Particulate Respirator Lift the bottom elastic over your head first Then lift off the top elastic Discard
- 33. Hand Hygiene Perform hand hygiene immediately after removing PPE. If hands become visibly contaminated during PPE removal, wash hands before continuing to remove PPE Wash hands with soap and water or use an alcohol-based hand rub * Ensure that hand hygiene facilities are available at the point needed, e.g., sink or alcohol-based hand rub
- 34. Handling Patient Care Equipment Handle patient care equipment soiled with blood, other body fluids, secretions, or excretions in a way that prevents contact with skin and mucous membranes Handle patient care equipment in a way that prevents contamination of clothing and the spread of microorganisms to other patients Appropriately dispose of single use equipment (suction canisters, etc) Clean and disinfect reusable equipment. Place clean instruments in biohazard bag for transport to Central Sterile Supply and re-sterilization
- 35. In addition, contact precautions require that you: Dont share non-critical equipment (such as stethoscopes and thermometers) between patients If a piece of equipment is used with a patient in contact isolation, then the equipment must be properly cleaned and disinfected prior to use on another patient Place a patient on airborne, contact, or droplet precautions in a private room, if possible If a private room is not available, the patient may be placed with another patient who has the same (but no other) infection
- 36. What to do if exposed to blood / body fluids Puncture wounds should be washed immediately and the wound should be caused to bleed If skin contamination should occur, wash the area immediately Splashes to the nose or mouth should be flushed with water Eye splashes require irrigation with clean water, saline, or a sterile irritant Most importantly: Complete a GBMC Employee Incident Report. Report exposure to charge nurse and Agency immediately
- 37. Need Infection Control? Office - 5th floor. InfoWeb: - Contact Us - How to Enter Isolation into Meditech - Frequently Asked ??? - Policies & Procedures - And..so much more!
- 38. 鴛稼韓看安艶恢盒彫.
- 39. Finished! Please complete the Infection Control post- test and print out the certificate of completion for your agency