Este documento presenta un resumen del an叩lisis morfom辿trico de una cuenca hidrogr叩fica. Explica los conceptos clave de morfometr鱈a y morfometr鱈a de cuencas, as鱈 como los par叩metros generales, de forma y de relieve que se analizan. Adem叩s, describe las caracter鱈sticas de la red de drenaje de una cuenca e incluye los m辿todos propuestos por Horton y Strahler para clasificar los 坦rdenes de los cauces. El objetivo del an叩lisis morfom辿trico es estudiar
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Informe
1. ESTIMACION DE LA PRECIPITACION PROMEDIO METODO DE THIESSEN CURVA I.D.F.
POR: JASMANI MAMANI HAARI P叩gina 1
I. TITULO
Estimaci坦n de la precipitaci坦n promedio, para la cuenca ubicada en el cuadrante 32v de la
carta nacional, donde no hay estaciones meteorol坦gicas cercanas, aplicando el m辿todo de
THIESSEN.
II. UBICACIN
1. UBICACIN GEOGRFICA DE LA CUENCA
L鱈mite de la cuenca:
ESTE :
Latitud: 15属 43 26.34
Longitud: 70属 04 6.4
OESTE
Latitud: 15属 44 13.76
Longitud: 70属 33 40.01
NORTE
Latitud: 15属 31 37.94
Longitud: 70属 19 47.39
SUR:
Latitud: 16属 02 56.35
Longitud: 70属 19 40.72
2. REA DE LA CUENCA
354.445 Km2
3. PERMETRO DE LA CUENCA
111.237 km
2. ESTIMACION DE LA PRECIPITACION PROMEDIO METODO DE THIESSEN CURVA I.D.F.
POR: JASMANI MAMANI HAARI P叩gina 2
4. COTAS
Cota m叩xima : 4950 m.s.n.m.
Cota m鱈nima : 3850 m.s.n.m.
5. COORDENADAS DEL CENTROIDE DE LA CUENCA
1
Respecto a X : 356194
Respecto a Y : 8254780
Respecto a Z : 4317.230
1
Todos los datos anteriormente citados fueron calculados con el ArcMap 10.0
3. ESTIMACION DE LA PRECIPITACION PROMEDIO METODO DE THIESSEN CURVA I.D.F.
POR: JASMANI MAMANI HAARI P叩gina 3
6. ALTITUD
Altitud media : 4113.93
Altitud m叩s frecuente : 3875.000
Altitud de frecuencia media : 3938.167.
III. OBJETIVOS
Estimar y calcular la precipitaci坦n promedio para la cuenca de estudio ubicada en el
cuadrante 32v de la carta nacional.
1. OBJETIVOS ESPECFICOS.
Realizar la consistencia de datos aplicando el m辿todo de doble masa.
Aplicar el m辿todo pol鱈gonos de Thiessen, para la obtenci坦n de la
precipitaci坦n promedio.
IV. FUENTE DE INFORMACION DE DATOS
Para la recolecci坦n de informaci坦n, se recurri坦 a fuentes de informaci坦n secundarias; como
los proyectos, perfiles de proyectos, p叩ginas de internet de los gobiernos locales,
regionales, nacionales y el SENAMHI Puno.
V. SOTWARE UTILIZADO
ArcMap 10.0
ArcCatalog 10.0
AutoCAD 2013
GlobalMapper 9.0
Microsoft Word 2010
Microsoft Excel 2010
4. ESTIMACION DE LA PRECIPITACION PROMEDIO METODO DE THIESSEN CURVA I.D.F.
POR: JASMANI MAMANI HAARI P叩gina 4
VI. PROCEDIMIENTO
1. DELIMITACIN DE LA CUENCA DE INTERS
2. CURVA HIPSOMTRICA DE LA CUENCA Y DETERMINACIN DE LA
ALTITUD MEDIA (M.S.N.M.)
GRAFICO N属 01 : Cuenca de estudio
FUENTE : Elaboraci坦n ArcMap 10.0 WGS-84, del Hemisferio Sur, Zona -19
5. ESTIMACION DE LA PRECIPITACION PROMEDIO METODO DE THIESSEN CURVA I.D.F.
POR: JASMANI MAMANI HAARI P叩gina 5
La representaci坦n gr叩fica del relieve medio de la cuenca, se sigui坦 el siguiente
procedimiento.
2.1. PROCEDIMIENTO PARA EL CLCULO DE LA ALTITUD
MEDIA
Considerando la cota m叩xima y m鱈nima, y una variaci坦n de altura de 50
metros entre cada curva de nivel, dividimos la cuenca en estudio en 22
zonas con intervalos de 50 metros de altitud, obteniendo los
siguientes resultados.
Calculo de las frecuencias y 叩rea entre curvas de nivel de toda la
cuenca.
GRAFICO N属 02 : Variaci坦n de altura entre las curvas de nivel (59 metros)
FUENTE : Elaboraci坦n ArcMap 10.0 WGS-84, del Hemisferio Sur,
Zona -19
6. ESTIMACION DE LA PRECIPITACION PROMEDIO METODO DE THIESSEN CURVA I.D.F.
POR: JASMANI MAMANI HAARI P叩gina 6
GRAFICO N属 03 : Cuenca dividida en 22 intervalos de 50 m. de altitud cada uno.
FUENTE : Elaboraci坦n ArcMap 10.0 WGS-84, del Hemisferio Sur, Zona -19
7. ESTIMACION DE LA PRECIPITACION PROMEDIO METODO DE THIESSEN CURVA I.D.F.
POR: JASMANI MAMANI HAARI P叩gina 7
GRAFICO N属 04 : Calculo autom叩tico de las rea entre curvas de nivel de la Cuenca de estudio
FUENTE : Elaboraci坦n ArcMap 10.0 WGS-84, del Hemisferio Sur, Zona -19
8. ESTIMACION DE LA PRECIPITACION PROMEDIO METODO DE THIESSEN CURVA I.D.F.
POR: JASMANI MAMANI HAARI P叩gina 8
Seguido personalizamos estos resultados en Microsoft Excel2
El Grafico Anterior obtenemos la altura media: 3938.167 m.s.n.m.
2
El c叩lculo de los resultados presentado se adjuntan en el archivo de Microsoft Excel en el CD
MINIMO MAXIMO
COTA
PROMEDIO
INTERVALO FRECUENCIA AREA
1 3850 3900 3875.000 50.0000 2776 138536560 138.53656 39.09 61 1515
2 3900.0667 3950 3925.033 49.9334 634 31639834 31.639834 8.93 52 350
3 3950.1067 4000 3975.053 49.8933 337 16818020 16.81802 4.75 47 189
4 4000.009 4050 4025.005 49.9910 292 14572290 14.57229 4.11 43 165
5 4050.1575 4100 4075.079 49.8425 216 10779502 10.779502 3.04 40 124
6 4100.1992 4150 4125.100 49.8008 194 9681590 9.68159 2.73 37 113
7 4150.1509 4200 4175.075 49.8491 202 10080831 10.080831 2.84 35 119
8 4200.3247 4250 4225.162 49.6753 227 11328458 11.328458 3.20 31 135
9 4250.8179 4300 4275.409 49.1821 224 11178743 11.178743 3.15 28 135
10 4300.2715 4350 4325.136 49.7285 229 11428268 11.428268 3.22 25 139
11 4350.1768 4400 4375.088 49.8232 254 12675896 12.675896 3.58 21 156
12 4400.3477 4450 4425.174 49.6523 249 12426370 12.42637 3.51 18 155
13 4450.0181 4500 4475.009 49.9819 282 14073239 14.073239 3.97 14 178
14 4500.0605 4550 4525.030 49.9395 255 12725801 12.725801 3.59 10 162
15 4550.1914 4600 4575.096 49.8086 224 11178743 11.178743 3.15 7 144
16 4600.1411 4650 4625.071 49.8589 182 9082729 9.082729 2.56 5 119
17 4650.1221 4700 4675.061 49.8779 182 9082729 9.082729 2.56 2 120
18 4700.0537 4750 4725.027 49.9463 86 4291838.5 4.2918385 1.21 1 57
19 4750.0059 4800 4775.003 49.9941 45 2245729.5 2.2457295 0.63 0 30
20 4800.9663 4850 4825.483 49.0337 11 548956.13 0.54895613 0.15 0 7
21 4950 4950 4950.000 0.0000 1 49905.102 0.0499051 0.01 0 1
TOTALES 7102 354426032 354.426032 100.00 4113.93
CALCULO DE LA CURVA HIPSOMETRICA PARA LA CUENCA DE ESTUDIO
COTA MEDIA
CUENCA
AREAS
N属 AREA (km2)
AREA
ACUMULADA
(%)
COTAS AREA/ARE
A TOTAL
(%)
10. ESTIMACION DE LA PRECIPITACION PROMEDIO METODO DE THIESSEN CURVA I.D.F.
POR: JASMANI MAMANI HAARI P叩gina 10
4.1 GENERANDO EL MODELO LINEAL
De los resultados de la tabla anterior, consideramos el promedio m叩s alto y m叩s
bajo, as鱈 como sus alturas respectivas.
Resolviendo las dos ecuaciones: A = -2.122 y B= 9176.525, se obtiene el siguiente
modelo4
.
4
Tambi辿n se adjunta el archivo de Excel, para su verificaci坦n del modelo.
11. ESTIMACION DE LA PRECIPITACION PROMEDIO METODO DE THIESSEN CURVA I.D.F.
POR: JASMANI MAMANI HAARI P叩gina 11
5. CALCULO DE LA PRECIPITACION MEDIA
Para una altitud de : X=3938.167
Se tiene una precipitaci坦n media de: 819.73 mm
Para hallar el volumen precipitado sobre un 叩rea, utilizaremos el m辿todo de los
pol鱈gonos de THIESSEN.
5.1 PROCEDIMIENTO PARA EL METODO DE LOS
POLIGONOS DE THIESSEN
Identificaci坦n de la ubicaci坦n de las estaciones meteorol坦gicas m叩s
cercanas a la cuenca de estudio.
Lampa
Toroya
Ma単azo
Laraqueri
Illpa
GRAFICO N属 05 : Estaciones meteorol坦gicas ubicadas por el SENAMHI
FUENTE : www.punosenamhi.gob.pe
12. ESTIMACION DE LA PRECIPITACION PROMEDIO METODO DE THIESSEN CURVA I.D.F.
POR: JASMANI MAMANI HAARI P叩gina 12
Ubicaci坦n de las estaciones meteorol坦gicas m叩s cercanas a la
cuenca de estudio.
Determinaci坦n de las 叩reas de influencia de cada estaci坦n
GRAFICO N属 06 : Estaciones meteorol坦gicas que enmarcan la Cuenca.
FUENTE : Elaboraci坦n propias con el software ArcMap 10.0
GRAFICO N属 07 : reas de influencia por estaci坦n meteorol坦gica.
FUENTE : Elaboraci坦n propia con el software ArcMap 10.0
13. ESTIMACION DE LA PRECIPITACION PROMEDIO METODO DE THIESSEN CURVA I.D.F.
POR: JASMANI MAMANI HAARI P叩gina 13
Calculo de la precipitaci坦n ponderada:
En consecuencia la precipitaci坦n promedio es: 679.057 mm
ESTACION
PRECIPITACION
OBSERVADA
AREA (Km2)
PORCENTAJE DE
AREA TOTAL
PRECIPITACION
PONDERADA
LAMPA 702.470 87.017 0.25 172.458
TOROYA 689.443 134.499 0.38 261.618
LARAQUERI 753.557 18.632 0.05 39.612
ILLPA 636.866 114.298 0.32 205.369
TOTAL 354.44699 1.00 679.057
METODO DE THIESSEN
22. ESTIMACION DE LA PRECIPITACION PROMEDIO METODO DE THIESSEN CURVA I.D.F.
POR: JASMANI MAMANI HAARI P叩gina 22
ANEXO
SUPERPOSICION DE LA CUENCA EN GOOGLE HEART