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Editor's Notes

1. In the 60’s Nike invents the first running shoe, the Cortez, to ride the wave of the first big tend in fitness: Jogging! Gold’s Gym, the first modern fitness club opened in 1965 in Venice Beach (California) and reached its peak of popularity in 1977 with the movie ‘Pumping Iron’, featuring its most famous client, a certain Arnold Schwarzenegger. The 70’s are the golden era of bodybuilding, when fitness is a man-only, testosteron driven sport. In 1982, while cinemas across the globe were showing ‘Conan the barbarian’ featuring Arnold Schwarzenegger (a bodybuilder turned actor), another actress turned into a fitness guru. A fter fracturing her foot while filming , Jane Fonda  began participating in  aerobics and strengthening exercises and released her first exercise video, titled  Jane Fonda's Workout. Between 1982 en 1995 she published 23 workout videos with the series selling a total of 17 million copies combined, more than any other exercise series. In the year 1989, Gin Miller, a competitive gymnast during the college, bore her own overuse injury in consequence of high-impact aerobics. Her physical therapy based of stepping up and down on a milk box to fortify and rehabilitate the muscles of her knee. Rather than a milk box, she used her porch steps and included aerobic music to break the silence and reduce boredom. This simple concept gave rise to the famous way of exercise we know today as step aerobics. Reebok claimed the first professional step equipment and fitness clubs worldwide saw their memberships glooming thanks to step classes. Following the example of the step classes, the whole new concept of group exercise boomed in the Nineties (see Les Mills company, created in 1991 – first class was Body Pump) The Elliptical Trainer was invented in 1995 by an Engineer employed by the Precor Company under the guidance of Precor’s founder David Smith. Back in 1995 David Smith was focused on building fitness machines that worked naturally with normal body movements. Precor was obsessed with fluid motion in the elliptical trainer they called the EFX. The Life Fitness Company come up fast into second place with an excellent copy-cat design of the elliptical crosstrainer EFX machine. In the 21 st century a more aging population and the involvement of big financial group behind the fitness industry has seen the cardio fitness equipment claiming their place as the most popular machines on the gym floor. Given the high initial purchase costs, the fitness club has by now moved away from the family business model and into the corporate business. Fitness First  is the largest privately owned health club group in the world. It comprises 540 Fitness First clubs worldwide reaching over 1.7 million members in 21 countries.
2. Jonas Gustav Vilhelm Zander  (March 29, 1835 in Stockholm– June 17, 1920) was a Swedish physician, orthopedist and one of the originators of mechanotherapy. He is known for inventing a therapeutic method of exercise carried out by means of a special apparatus. He began his work in 1860s and established Zander Institute in London. In the 1970s Arthur Jones , a body-building "scientist," invented the first machines aimed at isolating single muscle groups. Nautilus workout machines proved to be very similar to Gustav Zander's exercising machines of the late 19th century; but Jones insists that he made these discoveries without any knowledge of Zander's discoveries.
3. ‘ Functional’ training has always been there. Every kind of training is actually supposed to be functional, to serve the purpose for which it’s done.
4. Whether it is the golf club hitting the ball in 5 msec, or the foot being on the ground for 80-200 ms, the force that can be applied during a sport movement happens within a limited time. As you can see, an explosive-ballistic style of training creates more force in a shorter amount of time than traditional heavy-resistance training does. This in turn results in a greater degree of rate of force development. Heavy resistance training does create more force than explosive-ballistic training only after 300 ms, but not many sport tasks happen in that time frame. Unfortunately for the heavy resistance trained athlete most sport tasks occur in an 0-200ms window. The word ballistic comes from the Greek word  ballein , which means “to throw.” In this type of training the athlete accelerates and releases the weight into "free space" Common ballistic training exercises are bench throws, jump squats, cleans, snatches, and push presses.
5. Many ADL’s involve multi-joint, multi-planar, dynamic patterns necessitating force transfer between extremities.
6. Doctor: diagnosis Physio: rehabilitation Personal Trainer: prevention
7. When I started working as a personal trainer, the only thing people have heard about a personal trainer is that Madonna had got pregnant from her personal trainer ( Carlos Manuel Leon   father of Lourdes Maria Ciccone Leon, on October 14, 1996). In the meanwhile, she divorced him and hired Tracy Anderson. Tim Blakely is the personal trainer and bodyguard of Gerri Haliwell (ex-spice girl).