Inorganic polymers
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Explains briefly inorganic polymers which contain silicone, nitrogen, phosphorous and sulphur
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Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are hybrid organic-inorganic compounds consisting of metal ions or clusters coordinated to organic ligands to form one, two, or three-dimensional structures. MOFs can be porous or non-porous. They are synthesized by combining metal ions with organic ligands like dicarboxylic acids. MOFs have applications in gas storage, carbon dioxide capture, catalysis, and selective gas adsorption due to their tunable porous structures and active metal sites.N heterocyclic carbenes
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This document discusses various types of organometallic compounds. It defines organometallic chemistry as the study of compounds with a carbon-metal bond. Key types discussed include organolithium, organomagnesium (Grignard reagents), organozinc, and organocopper compounds. The document also summarizes several important reactions of these compounds, such as addition reactions, cross-coupling reactions, and cyclopropanation.MOF, metal organic frameworks
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This document discusses inorganic polymers called polyphosphazenes. It describes their general molecular structure as having an alternating phosphorus and nitrogen backbone with two organic side groups attached to each phosphorus atom. Over 700 types of polyphosphazenes have been synthesized with a wide range of physical and chemical properties. They are synthesized via ring opening polymerization or condensation polymerization of monomers. Polyphosphazenes have properties including flexibility, solubility, elasticity, and degradation rates that depend on the specific organic side groups. They can be modified and crosslinked for different applications.Carbenes .......
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1. Carbenes are neutral molecules containing a divalent carbon atom with two unshared valence electrons. They exist in both singlet and triplet states depending on the electronic spin.
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1. Borazine is called inorganic benzene because it has a planar hexagonal structure like benzene with alternating B and N atoms.
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This document discusses inorganic polymers called polyphosphazenes. It describes their general molecular structure as having an alternating phosphorus and nitrogen backbone with two organic side groups attached to each phosphorus atom. Over 700 types of polyphosphazenes have been synthesized with a wide range of physical and chemical properties. They are synthesized via ring opening polymerization or condensation polymerization of monomers. Polyphosphazenes have properties including flexibility, solubility, elasticity, and degradation rates that depend on the specific organic side groups. They can be modified and crosslinked for different applications.Carbenes .......
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1. Carbenes are neutral molecules containing a divalent carbon atom with two unshared valence electrons. They exist in both singlet and triplet states depending on the electronic spin.
2. Carbenes undergo insertion reactions into X-H and C-C bonds. They also add across double bonds, with singlet carbenes preserving alkene stereochemistry and triplet carbenes losing it.
3. Carbenes are generated by reactions such as 留-elimination of halogenated compounds with base or decomposition of diazo compounds. They can rearrange through migrations such as the Wolff or Arndt-Eistert reactions.Coordination polymers
Coordination polymerssruthinit
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Coordination polymers are inorganic or organometallic polymers with repeating metal cation centers linked by organic ligands. They can extend in 1, 2, or 3 dimensions based on the metal's coordination number and geometry. Coordination polymers have many potential applications due to their tunable structures and properties. They are synthesized through self-assembly of metal salts and ligands, and their structures can be classified based on dimensionality and other factors. Important applications of coordination polymers include dyes, molecular storage, luminescence, electrical conductivity, and magnetism.際際滷 share version solgel method
際際滷 share version solgel methodUniversity of Karachi
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The sol gel method is a process for synthesizing nanoparticles that involves dissolving a compound in a liquid to bring it back as a solid in a controlled manner. It allows mixing at an atomic level and results in small, easily sinterable particles. The key steps are hydrolysis and condensation of precursor molecules to form a sol, which then undergoes gelation and aging before drying to form the final product. The method offers advantages like precise size control and doping but is also substrate dependent and time consuming.Chemistry zimsec chapter 13 nitrogen and sulfur
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Chapter 13 discusses nitrogen and sulfur compounds, focusing on their properties, reactions, and environmental impacts. Key topics include the Haber process for ammonia production, the consequences of nitrate fertilizers leading to eutrophication, and the formation of acidic pollutants like sulfur dioxide. Additionally, it outlines the industrial use of nitrogen-derived compounds and the production of sulfuric acid via the contact process.BORAZINE- structure, preparation and properties
BORAZINE- structure, preparation and propertiesMn2555
油
1. Borazine is called inorganic benzene because it has a planar hexagonal structure like benzene with alternating B and N atoms.
2. Borazine undergoes addition reactions readily unlike benzene due to the polarity in its B-N bonds from the difference in electronegativity between B and N atoms.
3. Borazine can be synthesized in the laboratory by heating a mixture of LiBH4 and NH4Cl in vacuum at 230属C, which yields 30% borazine.Inorganic materials 2019
Inorganic materials 2019Chris Sonntag
油
1. Metals form solid states where the atomic orbitals overlap to form continuous bands of energy levels that allow electrons to move freely. This gives metals their conductive properties.
2. Semiconductors have a small band gap between the valence and conduction bands. Adding small amounts of impurities can increase or decrease conductivity by introducing more charge carriers.
3. Metal oxides and metal-organic frameworks use different structures and bonding to exhibit properties like magnetism, photocatalysis and gas storage that depend on their electronic band structures.Phase transfer catalyst
Phase transfer catalystVishakha Giradkar
油
Phase-transfer catalysts facilitate the transfer of reactants between immiscible liquid phases, allowing reactions to occur. They are commonly used quaternary ammonium or phosphonium salts. The catalyst transports one reactant from the aqueous phase to the organic phase where it can undergo a nucleophilic substitution reaction. This allows reactions to be carried out using cheaper and more environmentally friendly reagents like NaOH instead of organic solvents. Phase-transfer catalysis finds applications in industries like pharmaceuticals, perfumes, polymers, and pesticides by enabling mild reaction conditions.Supramolecular chemistry
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油
The document discusses supramolecular chemistry, which focuses on noncovalent interactions between molecules, contrasting with traditional molecular chemistry based on covalent bonds. It outlines various types of noncovalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding, ion-ion and cation- interactions, as well as molecular receptors like endo- and exoreceptors that play critical roles in molecular recognition and assembly. Additionally, it highlights the applications of these interactions in organic compounds and materials science, demonstrating their significance in areas like pharmaceuticals and catalysis.Selection rules for soectroscopic transitions
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油
This document discusses selection rules and photochemistry concepts. It describes three main selection rules that govern transitions in complex metal ions: spin selection rules, orbital selection rules, and Laporte selection rules. Spin selection rules state that transitions can only occur between states of the same spin and multiplicity. Orbital selection rules indicate that d-d transitions are usually forbidden but can be partially allowed. Laporte selection rules are based on parity and state that transitions between states of the same parity are forbidden. The document also discusses the Franck-Condon principle and provides an abstract on photochemistry occurring on particulate matter and within liquid droplets.Applications of organometallic compounds
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This document provides an overview of catalysis by organometallic compounds. It discusses that organometallic compounds are widely used as homogeneous catalysts in industrial processes and research. Nobel Prizes have been awarded for discoveries in organometallic chemistry and homogeneous catalysis. Examples of important organometallic catalysts discussed include Wilkinson's catalyst, Noyori's catalyst for asymmetric hydrogenation, and Ziegler-Natta catalysts for polymerization of olefins. The mechanisms of homogeneous hydrogenation and different types of catalysis such as homogeneous versus heterogeneous are also summarized.Kinetics of solution in reaction
Kinetics of solution in reactionSaiva Bhanu Kshatriya College, Aruppukottai.
油
The document discusses the kinetics of reactions in solution, detailing the mechanisms, effects of solvent dielectric constants, and the impact of ionic strength and pressure on reaction rates. It elaborates on primary and secondary salt effects, describing how reactants interact and the role of the activated complex in influencing reaction kinetics. Additionally, it presents equations that mathematically represent these relationships and their implications for reaction dynamics.Organoborane or Organoboron compounds
Organoborane or Organoboron compoundsDr. Krishna Swamy. G
油
Organoborane chemistry deals with organoboron compounds that contain carbon-boron bonds. Key reactions of organoboranes include hydroboration of alkenes, oxidation of organoboranes to alcohols, isomerization of organoboranes at high temperatures, protonolysis with carboxylic acids, and carbonylation with carbon monoxide. Carbonylation can produce aldehydes, ketones, or alcohols depending on reaction conditions and presence of migrating groups.supramolecues and charge transfer complexes
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油
The document discusses supramolecular chemistry, focusing on the formation and interaction of supermolecules through intermolecular forces such as hydrogen bonding and ion-dipole interactions. It explores various types of supramolecules, including crown ethers, calixarenes, and cyclodextrins, highlighting their structures, classifications, and applications in fields like drug delivery, molecular sensing, and catalysis. Additionally, it covers host-guest chemistry and represents various methodologies for molecular assembly and recognition.Silicon
SiliconArjun K Gopi
油
This document provides an overview of silicones, including their manufacturing, properties, applications, and role in various industries. Silicones are polymers derived from silicon and oxygen, and can be manufactured in many forms including fluids, elastomers, and resins. They have properties like thermal stability, flexibility, and resistance to chemicals, UV rays, and mold/microbes. Major applications of silicones include construction, transportation, personal care products, and industrial manufacturing. Within these industries, silicones play an important role by enabling energy efficiency and durable, high-performance materials.Polymerization
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This document provides an introduction to polymers. Polymers are macromolecules formed by linking many smaller molecules called monomers through a process called polymerization. Polymers can be classified based on their structure as linear, branched or cross-linked. Polymerization occurs through either addition or condensation reactions. Addition polymers are formed without the loss of small molecules, while condensation polymers are formed with the loss of small molecules like water or ammonia. Common examples of addition and condensation polymers are also provided.MoFs (METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS)
MoFs (METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS)mahsaehsani
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Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a versatile class of advanced materials consisting of metal clusters connected by organic ligands to form crystalline porous structures. MOFs have tunable properties depending on the metal ions and ligands used, and high surface areas and pore volumes making them promising for applications in gas storage, separation, catalysis, and sensing. The document provides an overview of MOF structure and synthesis methods, and discusses some common ligands and metal centers used as well as properties and applications of MOFs.Chromium group.
Chromium group. raghad_m9
油
Chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten are transition metals that share several properties. They have high melting points and are relatively inert. Chromium forms protective oxide coatings and is used to make stainless steel. Molybdenum and tungsten can form a variety of oxidation states and complexes, including clusters. Notable compounds include chromates, molybdates, tungstates, and heteropolyacids containing combinations of these elements. The metals have various industrial uses related to their hardness and corrosion resistance.Polymer supported Synthesis
Polymer supported Synthesis Minal Saini , student of Chaudhary bansilal University , Bhiwani, Haryana
油
The document discusses polymer-supported synthesis in solid-phase peptide synthesis, highlighting the benefits such as improved reaction yields and simpler purification steps. It outlines properties of polymer supports, their types, and examples of reactions that utilize these supports, emphasizing the advantages of using polymers like polystyrene as catalysts. The conclusion reinforces that polymer materials enhance isolation and purification processes in organic synthesis.Polymer supported Synthesis
Polymer supported Synthesis Minal Saini , student of Chaudhary bansilal University , Bhiwani, Haryana
油
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- 30. Terima Jasa Keamanan HP: 0812-1662-1684