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Editor's Notes

• #3: Definition by MIT Libraries, who created DSPACE – one of the first and still most-used software applications for institutional repositories.This definition focuses primarily on the archiving and preservation aspects.
• #4: Clifford Lynch, head of Coalition for Networked Information, highlights the service component.He adds: It is most essentially an organizational commitment to the stewardship of these digital materials, including long-term preservation where appropriate, as well as organization and access or distribution.
• #5: In a 2002 paper titled The Case for Institutional Repositories, Crow created what has become the standard definitionSPARC, the Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition adopted this , and has since widened it to highlight elements such as free access and interoperability
• #6: arXiv, started at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico, and now housed at Cornell, is generally considered to be the first academic institutional repositoryOther notable early repositories include the arXiv extension Cogprints, the Networked Computer Science Technical Reports Library, several NASA databases, and RePec, a consortial economics repository.Each of these was centralized rather than local to an institution, and all of these, and most other early repositories were subject-specific – and generally science-related(all of these still exist, and have expanded beyond their initial institutional boundaries)
• #7: Notable current examples include:Early adopter’s MIT and University of CaliforniaUniversity of Wisconsin’s Deep BlueUniversity of Wisconsin’s Minds at UWRochester Institute of Technology’s Digital Media LibraryGeorgia Tech’s Smart Tech
• #8: For early repositories, software was often developed. Some examples of this and newer applications include:D-Space: created by MITFedora: created at Cornell (these two merged to form Duraspace)ePrints: University of Southampton School of Electronics and Computer Science, EnglandRefbase: University of Kiel in GermanyBRICKS: “Building Resources for Integrated Cultural Knowledge Services,” created by consortia of European schools and businessesGreenstone: University of Waikato, NZInvenio: European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)Omeka: created by George Mason UniversityContent dm: created at U Washington, now owned by OCLCDigital Commons: created and run by Berkeley Electronic Press (Bepress)
• #9: Avenue of promotion and increased visibilityThe repository itself and the work within it demonstrate a commitment to scholarly workAllows for collaboration across departments, campuses, and with the wider communityAvenue to support research by faculty and students, and encourage local investment and engagementDon’t have to pay for their own articles.Potentially, future savings due to decrease of fee-based journals
• #10: The “Open Access Citation Advantage”A 2011 study comparing of articles published in both formats within one journal found nearly 40% higher citation rates for OAA 2010 survey conducted in various disciplines found that 87% reported higher citation rates for articles published in Open Access
• #11: Avenue of promotion and increased visibilityEliminate gap between submission and publication, as well as common online embargosGenerally, authors retain rights and full access, and are free to republish elsewhereMultiple mediums can be submitted, as well as multiple document types – including raw dataAllow for collaboration across departments, campuses, and with the wider community
• #12: Community, meaning both on-campus and beyond:Community members are able to see what each other are doingThis increases the speed of research. Richard Johnson, former executive director of SPARC stated: “The ability to locate and retrieve more relevant research more quickly and easily online will improve scholarly communication and advance scholarly research”This also allows for collaboration, most notably across disciplines and between unexpected partnersAnd they provide access by the wider community
• #13: Many, including the Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition and the New York State Higher Education Initiative, are lobbying for open access to research done at public institutionsThe “taxpayer access to publically funded research act” (TAPFR) is currently active in the New York State LegislatureThere are federal models for this: the federal research public access act, Obama’s Memorandum on Transparency and Open Government, and others
• #14: The SUNY system does have a repository, which has existed since 2005It currently houses 19 University at Albany items, all of which were posted by two faculty members in the same department
• #15: There is often a fear of cost, both financial and relating to time required for creation of an IRThis extends to maintenance concerns, which also include financial and time expendituresCurrent policies do not easily fit with the idea of an IR, and there are few well-known examplesMost institutions are unaware of either the need or value of IRs
• #16: Most academic researchers feel they have no time to spare on formatting and submitting articlesOpen Access journals don’t meet most institutions’ tenure requirements, causing fearful associations that extend to IRsSome view IRs as non-scholarly areas that lessen the esteem of their workSome fear the technical elements involved, ranging from digitization and formatting, creating metadata, submitting, and future access
• #17: Benefits should be explained in detail, first to administration and then to the wider communityInstitutions should develop policy alongside a new repository, so the two complement each otherFollowing SPARC’s idea of institutional definition, an IR should be designed around local needs and collectionsPartner with invested members, such as campus centers for research, copyright centers and Interlibrary loan offices
• #18: Many are unaware of the benefits of repositories (and open access) – educate them! This includes explaining the citation advantage, and the fact that IRs offer opportunities for advanced citation indexing.Further, for teaching faculty IRs provide spaces to share teaching materials in a greatly expanded wayExplain that there will be no loss of rights, and that submission is optionalDifferentiate between submission types such as preprints and peer-reviewed articlesScan and upload articles for faculty –self-submission is the most-cited obstacle to the success of IRs
• #19: Promote the IR, before, during, and after its implementationAdd student papers, theses and dissertationsReach out to local journals (includingstudent newspapers, departmental newsletters, etc.)Fold in already existing local collectionsUse as an opportunity to foster collaboration and sharing, both on campus and beyond