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Integrated child development services

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Anshu Mittal
Anshu Mittal

The document summarizes India's Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) program. It details the objectives of ICDS which are to improve nutrition for preschool-aged children and mothers, reduce mortality and morbidity, and facilitate childhood development. It describes the services provided like supplementary nutrition, immunizations, health checkups, and preschool education. It outlines the roles of Anganwadi workers and helpers who are part of the ICDS team and deliver these services at the community level.

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Integrated child development services 1. 1. INTRODUCTION ICDS Scheme represents one of the world’s largest and most unique programmes for early childhood development. ICDS is the foremost symbol of India’s commitment to her children. The main beneficiaries of the programme were aimed to be the girl child up to her adolescence, all children below 6 years of age, pregnant and lactating mothers. 2. 2. Purpose of initiation Routine MCH services not reaching target population. Nutritional component not covered by health services. Need for community participation. 3. 3. OBJECTIVES To improve the nutritional status of preschool children 0-6 years of age group. To lay the foundation of proper psychological development of the child To reduce the incidence of mortality, morbidity malnutrition and school drop out To achieve effective coordination of policy and implementation in various departments to promote child development To enhance the capability of the mother to look after the normal health and nutritional needs of of the child through proper nutrition and health education 4. 4. PACKAGE OF SERVICES Beneficiaries Services Pregnant women Health check up, immunization, supplementary nutrition, health and nutrition education Nursing mothers Health check up, supplementary nutrition, health and nutrition education Other women 15 – 45 years Nutrition and health education Children less than 3 yrs Health check up, immunization, supplementary nutrition, referral services Children in age 3 -6 yrs Health check up, immunization, supplementary nutrition, referral services, non formal education Adolescent girls 11 – 18 yrs. Supplementary nutrition and health education 5. 5. COMPONENT OF ICDS Health Check-ups. Immunization. Growth Promotion and Supplementary Feeding. Referral Services. Early Childhood Care and Pre-school Education. Nutrition and Health Education. 6. 6. SUPPLEMENTARY NUTRITION Supplementary nutrition is given to children below 6 years, and nursing and expectant mothers from low income group. The aim is to supplement nutritional intake as follows: Each child up to 6 years of age to get 300 calories and 8-10 grams of protein Each adolescent girl to get 500 calories and 20-25grams of protein Each pregnant women and lactating mother to get 500 calories and 20-25 gms of protein Each malnourished child to get 600 calories and 16-20 grams of protein 7. 7. IMMUNIZATION- Immunization of children against 6 vaccine preventable disease is being done, while for expectant mothers, immunization against tetanus is recommended. 8. 8. HEALTH CHECK UP Record of weight and height of children at periodical intervals Watch over milestones Immunization Deworming General check up for detection of disease Treatment of diseases like diarrhea, ARI Prophylaxis against vitamin A deficiency and anemia Referral of serious cases Antenatal care of expectant mothers Post natal care of nursing mothers and care of new born infants 9. 9. Non-formal Pre-School Education (PSE) Children between the ages 3-6 years are imparted non- formal pre-school education in an angandwadi in each village with about 1000 population. The objective is to provide opportunities to develop desirable attitude, values and behaviour pattern among children. Locally produced inexpensive toys and material are used in organizing play and creative activity. 10. 10. Referral Services: During health check-ups and growth monitoring, sick or malnourished children, in need of prompt medical attention, are referred to the Primary Health Centre or its sub-centre. Nutrition and Health Education: Health education is given to womens so that they can look after their own health, nutrition and development needs as well as that of their children and families. 11. 11. Population Norms:- Anganwadi Centres For Rural/Urban Projects 400-800 - 1 AWC 800-1600 - 2 AWCs 1600-2400 - 3 AWCs Thereafter in multiples of 800 1 AWC For Mini-AWC - 150-400 1 Mini- AWC For Tribal /Riverine/Desert, Hilly and other difficult areas/ Projects - 300-800 - 1 AWC For Mini- AWC - 150-300 1 Mini AWC 12. 12. Funding pattern ICDS is a Centrally-sponsored Scheme implemented through the State Governments/UT Administrations. Prior to 2005-06, 100% financial assistance for inputs other than supplementary nutrition, which the States were to provided out of their own resources, was being provided by the Government of India. 13. 13. From the financial year 2009-10, Government of India has modified the funding pattern of ICDS between Centre and States. The sharing pattern of supplementary nutrition in respect of North-eastern States between Centre and States has been changed from 50:50 to 90:10 ratio. So far as other States and UTs, the existing sharing pattern of 50:50 continues. However, for all other components of ICDS, the ratio has been modified to 90:10(100% Central Assistance earlier). 14. 14. Supplementary nutrition norms S. no. Category Pre revised rates Revised rates per beneficiary per day 1 Children (6-72 months) Rs. 2 Rs. 4 2 Severely malnourished children (6- 72 months) Rs. 2.70 Rs.6 3 Pregnant women and Nursing mothers Rs. 2.30 Rs. 5 15. 15. Nutritional Norms:- dated 24.2.2009 S.no. Category Pre revised Revised Calories (Kcal) Proteins (g) Calories (kcal) Proteins (g) 1 Children (6-72 months) 300 8 -10 500 12 - 15 2 Severely malnourished children (6-72 months) 600 20 800 15-20 3 Pregnant women and nursing mother 500 15-20 600 18-20 16. 16. Type of Supplementary Nutrition : Children in the age group 0 – 6 months : For Children in this age group, States/ UTs may ensure continuation of current guidelines of early initiation (within one hour of birth) and exclusive breast-feeding for children for the first 6 months of life. Children in the age group 6 months to 3 years : For children in this age group, the existing pattern of Take Home Ration (THR)
under the ICDS Scheme will continue. THR should be given in the form that is palatable to the child instead of the entire family. 17. 17. Children in the age group 3 to 6 years : For the children in this age group, State/ UTs have been requested to make arrangements to serve Hot Cooked Meal in AWCs and mini-AWCs under the ICDS Scheme. Since the child of this age group is not capable of consuming a meal of 500 calories in one sitting, the States/ UTs are advised to consider serving more than one meal to the children who come to AWCs. 18. 18. THE ICDS TEAM: The ICDS team comprises the Anganwadi Workers, Anganwadi Helpers, Supervisors, Child Development Project Officers (CDPOs) and District Programme Officers (DPOs). Medical officers, Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM) and Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) form a team with the ICDS functionaries to achieve convergence of different services. 19. 19. STATUS OF ANGANWADI WORKERS AND HELPERS: Government of India has enhanced the honoraria of these Workers, w.e.f. 1.4.2008 by Rs.500 above the last honorarium drawn by Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) and by Rs.250 of the last honorarium drawn by Helpers of AWCs and Workers of Mini-AWCs. Prior to enhancement, AWWs were being paid a monthly honoraria ranging from Rs. 938/ to Rs. 1063/- per month depending on their educational qualifications and experience. Similarly, AWHs were being paid monthly honoraria of Rs. 500/- 20. 20. Type of training courses Three types of regular training are imparted to AWWs, AWHs, Supervisors, CDPOs/ACDPOs and Instructors of AWTCs Induction Training (on initial engagement/appointment) mainly to AWWs Job/Orientation Training (once during service period) Refresher Training (in-service, once in every two years) 21. 21. Training infrastructure Anganwadi Workers Training Centres (AWTCs) for the training of Anganwadi Workers and Helpers. Middle Level Training Centres (MLTCs) for the training of Supervisors and Trainers of AWTCs; National Institute of Public Cooperation and Child Development (NIPCCD) and its Regional Centres for training of CDPOs/ACDPOs and Trainers of MLTCs. NIPCCD also conducts several skill development training programmes. 22. 22. Monitoring & Supervision of Training Programme: A separate ICDS Training Unit within the Ministry of Women and Child Development headed by a Director/Dy. Secretary level officer is responsible for overall monitoring, supervision and evaluation of the training programme. Recent Initiatives: The Ministry has recently initiated a process of consultations with the States and other stakeholders to review and identify gaps in the existing training system and make suggestions to strengthen the ICDS Training programme. 23. 23. INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS Government of India partners with the following international agencies to supplement interventions under the ICDS: United Nations International Children’ Emergency Fund (UNICEF) Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere (CARE) World Food Programme (WFP)

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Integrated child development services

  • 1. Integrated child development services 1. 1. INTRODUCTION ICDS Scheme represents one of the world’s largest and most unique programmes for early childhood development. ICDS is the foremost symbol of India’s commitment to her children. The main beneficiaries of the programme were aimed to be the girl child up to her adolescence, all children below 6 years of age, pregnant and lactating mothers. 2. 2. Purpose of initiation Routine MCH services not reaching target population. Nutritional component not covered by health services. Need for community participation. 3. 3. OBJECTIVES To improve the nutritional status of preschool children 0-6 years of age group. To lay the foundation of proper psychological development of the child To reduce the incidence of mortality, morbidity malnutrition and school drop out To achieve effective coordination of policy and implementation in various departments to promote child development To enhance the capability of the mother to look after the normal health and nutritional needs of of the child through proper nutrition and health education 4. 4. PACKAGE OF SERVICES Beneficiaries Services Pregnant women Health check up, immunization, supplementary nutrition, health and nutrition education Nursing mothers Health check up, supplementary nutrition, health and nutrition education Other women 15 – 45 years Nutrition and health education Children less than 3 yrs Health check up, immunization, supplementary nutrition, referral services Children in age 3 -6 yrs Health check up, immunization, supplementary nutrition, referral services, non formal education Adolescent girls 11 – 18 yrs. Supplementary nutrition and health education 5. 5. COMPONENT OF ICDS Health Check-ups. Immunization. Growth Promotion and Supplementary Feeding. Referral Services. Early Childhood Care and Pre-school Education. Nutrition and Health Education. 6. 6. SUPPLEMENTARY NUTRITION Supplementary nutrition is given to children below 6 years, and nursing and expectant mothers from low income group. The aim is to supplement nutritional intake as follows: Each child up to 6 years of age to get 300 calories and 8-10 grams of protein Each adolescent girl to get 500 calories and 20-25grams of protein Each pregnant women and lactating mother to get 500 calories and 20-25 gms of protein Each malnourished child to get 600 calories and 16-20 grams of protein 7. 7. IMMUNIZATION- Immunization of children against 6 vaccine preventable disease is being done, while for expectant mothers, immunization against tetanus is recommended. 8. 8. HEALTH CHECK UP Record of weight and height of children at periodical intervals Watch over milestones Immunization Deworming General check up for detection of disease Treatment of diseases like diarrhea, ARI Prophylaxis against vitamin A deficiency and anemia Referral of serious cases Antenatal care of expectant mothers Post natal care of nursing mothers and care of new born infants 9. 9. Non-formal Pre-School Education (PSE) Children between the ages 3-6 years are imparted non- formal pre-school education in an angandwadi in each village with about 1000 population. The objective is to provide opportunities to develop desirable attitude, values and behaviour pattern among children. Locally produced inexpensive toys and material are used in organizing play and creative activity. 10. 10. Referral Services: During health check-ups and growth monitoring, sick or malnourished children, in need of prompt medical attention, are referred to the Primary Health Centre or its sub-centre. Nutrition and Health Education: Health education is given to womens so that they can look after their own health, nutrition and development needs as well as that of their children and families. 11. 11. Population Norms:- Anganwadi Centres For Rural/Urban Projects 400-800 - 1 AWC 800-1600 - 2 AWCs 1600-2400 - 3 AWCs Thereafter in multiples of 800 1 AWC For Mini-AWC - 150-400 1 Mini- AWC For Tribal /Riverine/Desert, Hilly and other difficult areas/ Projects - 300-800 - 1 AWC For Mini- AWC - 150-300 1 Mini AWC 12. 12. Funding pattern ICDS is a Centrally-sponsored Scheme implemented through the State Governments/UT Administrations. Prior to 2005-06, 100% financial assistance for inputs other than supplementary nutrition, which the States were to provided out of their own resources, was being provided by the Government of India. 13. 13. From the financial year 2009-10, Government of India has modified the funding pattern of ICDS between Centre and States. The sharing pattern of supplementary nutrition in respect of North-eastern States between Centre and States has been changed from 50:50 to 90:10 ratio. So far as other States and UTs, the existing sharing pattern of 50:50 continues. However, for all other components of ICDS, the ratio has been modified to 90:10(100% Central Assistance earlier). 14. 14. Supplementary nutrition norms S. no. Category Pre revised rates Revised rates per beneficiary per day 1 Children (6-72 months) Rs. 2 Rs. 4 2 Severely malnourished children (6- 72 months) Rs. 2.70 Rs.6 3 Pregnant women and Nursing mothers Rs. 2.30 Rs. 5 15. 15. Nutritional Norms:- dated 24.2.2009 S.no. Category Pre revised Revised Calories (Kcal) Proteins (g) Calories (kcal) Proteins (g) 1 Children (6-72 months) 300 8 -10 500 12 - 15 2 Severely malnourished children (6-72 months) 600 20 800 15-20 3 Pregnant women and nursing mother 500 15-20 600 18-20 16. 16. Type of Supplementary Nutrition : Children in the age group 0 – 6 months : For Children in this age group, States/ UTs may ensure continuation of current guidelines of early initiation (within one hour of birth) and exclusive breast-feeding for children for the first 6 months of life. Children in the age group 6 months to 3 years : For children in this age group, the existing pattern of Take Home Ration (THR)
  • 2. under the ICDS Scheme will continue. THR should be given in the form that is palatable to the child instead of the entire family. 17. 17. Children in the age group 3 to 6 years : For the children in this age group, State/ UTs have been requested to make arrangements to serve Hot Cooked Meal in AWCs and mini-AWCs under the ICDS Scheme. Since the child of this age group is not capable of consuming a meal of 500 calories in one sitting, the States/ UTs are advised to consider serving more than one meal to the children who come to AWCs. 18. 18. THE ICDS TEAM: The ICDS team comprises the Anganwadi Workers, Anganwadi Helpers, Supervisors, Child Development Project Officers (CDPOs) and District Programme Officers (DPOs). Medical officers, Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM) and Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) form a team with the ICDS functionaries to achieve convergence of different services. 19. 19. STATUS OF ANGANWADI WORKERS AND HELPERS: Government of India has enhanced the honoraria of these Workers, w.e.f. 1.4.2008 by Rs.500 above the last honorarium drawn by Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) and by Rs.250 of the last honorarium drawn by Helpers of AWCs and Workers of Mini-AWCs. Prior to enhancement, AWWs were being paid a monthly honoraria ranging from Rs. 938/ to Rs. 1063/- per month depending on their educational qualifications and experience. Similarly, AWHs were being paid monthly honoraria of Rs. 500/- 20. 20. Type of training courses Three types of regular training are imparted to AWWs, AWHs, Supervisors, CDPOs/ACDPOs and Instructors of AWTCs Induction Training (on initial engagement/appointment) mainly to AWWs Job/Orientation Training (once during service period) Refresher Training (in-service, once in every two years) 21. 21. Training infrastructure Anganwadi Workers Training Centres (AWTCs) for the training of Anganwadi Workers and Helpers. Middle Level Training Centres (MLTCs) for the training of Supervisors and Trainers of AWTCs; National Institute of Public Cooperation and Child Development (NIPCCD) and its Regional Centres for training of CDPOs/ACDPOs and Trainers of MLTCs. NIPCCD also conducts several skill development training programmes. 22. 22. Monitoring & Supervision of Training Programme: A separate ICDS Training Unit within the Ministry of Women and Child Development headed by a Director/Dy. Secretary level officer is responsible for overall monitoring, supervision and evaluation of the training programme. Recent Initiatives: The Ministry has recently initiated a process of consultations with the States and other stakeholders to review and identify gaps in the existing training system and make suggestions to strengthen the ICDS Training programme. 23. 23. INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS Government of India partners with the following international agencies to supplement interventions under the ICDS: United Nations International Children’ Emergency Fund (UNICEF) Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere (CARE) World Food Programme (WFP)