Intro to-anatomy-powerpoint-1227697925069712-8
Download as PPT, PDF
3 likes2,386 views
This document provides an overview of human anatomy, including anatomical terminology, body planes and sections, body cavities and membranes, and the four basic tissue types. It defines anatomical position and describes directional terms. It discusses the dorsal and ventral body cavities and their subdivisions. Finally, it characterizes the four main tissue types - epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue - and compares their key features.
Intro to-anatomy-powerpoint-1227697925069712-8
- 2. Anatomical position a common visual reference point Person stands erect with feet together and eyes forward Palms face anteriorly with the thumbs pointed away from the body
- 3. Regional terms names of specific body areas Axial region the main axis of the body Appendicular region the limbs Directional terminology Refers to the body in anatomical position Standardized terms of directions are paired terms
- 9. Body Planes and Sections
- 10. Body Planes and Sections Coronal (frontal) plane - Lies vertically and divides body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts Sagittal plane lies vertically and divides the body into left and right sides. Median (midsagittal) plane - Specific sagittal plane that lies vertically in the midline Transverse plane - runs horizontally and divides body into superior (up) and inferior (down) parts
- 11. Body Planes and Sections Oblique section through the trunk Figure 1.6
- 12. Body Cavities and Membranes Dorsal body cavity Cavity subdivided into the cranial cavity and the vertebral cavity. Cranial cavity houses the brain. Vertebral cavity runs through the vertebral column and encloses the spinal cord
- 13. Body Cavities and Membranes Ventral body cavity subdivided into: Thoracic cavity divided into three parts Two lateral parts each containing a lung surrounded by a pleural cavity Mediastinum contains the heart surrounded by the pericardial sac
- 14. Body Cavities and Membranes Ventral body cavity Abdominopelvic cavity divided into two parts Abdominal cavity contains the liver, stomach, kidneys, and other organs Pelvic cavity contains the bladder, some reproductive organs, and rectum
- 15. Body Cavities and Membranes Serous cavities a slit-like space lined by a serous membrane Pleura, pericardium, and peritoneum Parietal serosa outer wall of the cavity Visceral serosa covers the visceral organs
- 16. Body Cavities and Membranes
- 17. Other Body Cavities Oral cavity Nasal cavity Orbital cavities Middle ear cavities Synovial cavities
- 18. Abdominal Regions and Quadrants Abdominal regions divide the abdomen into nine regions
- 19. Abdominal Quadrants Abdominal quadrants divide the abdomen into four quadrants Right upper and left upper quadrants Right lower and left lower quadrants
- 20. FOUR TYPES OF ANIMAL TISSUES
- 21. EPITHELIAL TISSUE (COVERING) Tightly-joined closely-packed cells One side of epithelium exposed to air or internal fluid, other side attached to a basement membrane, a dense mat of extracellular matrix (connective tissue) Covers the outside of the body and lines the internal organs and cavities Barrier against mechanical injury, invasive microorganisms, and fluid loss Provides surface for absorption, excretion and transport of molecules
- 22. TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE Cell shape Squamous (flat & thin) Cuboidal (box or square) Columnar (rectangular) Number of cell layers Simple (one) Stratified (two or more) Pseudostratified (one but appears to be two) RELATE STRUCTURE TO FUNCTION!
- 23. CONNECTIVE TISSUE (FRAMEWORK) Main function: binding and support other tissues Large amount of extra-cellular matrix with fewer cells Connective tissue cells secrete the extra-cellular matrix Extracellular matrix consists of network of fibers in liquid, jelly- like or solid matrix
- 25. MUSCLE TISSUE (MOVEMENT) Composed of long cells called muscle fibers Contraction movement
- 26. NERVOUS TISSUE (CONTROL) Senses stimuli and transmits signals called nerve Axon impulses from one part of an animal to another Dendrite Consists of a cell body and long Cell body extensions called dendrites (towards cell body) and axons (towards another cell or an effector)
- 27. Tissue Type Epithelial Connective Muscle Nerve Cell Shape Flattened, Irregular or round Elongated Cell appendages cuboidal, branched columnar Cell Single Scattered in In sheets or Isolated or Arrangement multilayered matrix bundles networked Location Body covering or Supports other Lining internal Concentrated in lining organs or organs organs, make brain and spinal cavities skeletal muscles cord + all over the body Surface Feature Cilia, microvilli - - - of Cells Matrix Type Basement Varied protein - - membrane fibers + liquid, gelatinous, firm to calcified Matrix Amount Minimal Extensive Absent Absent Unique Feature No direct blood Cartilage has no Can generate Can generate supply, except for blood supply electrical signals, electrical signal glands force and movement