This document discusses topics related to data structures and algorithms. It covers structured programming and its advantages and disadvantages. It then introduces common data structures like stacks, queues, trees, and graphs. It discusses algorithm time and space complexity analysis and different types of algorithms. Sorting algorithms and their analysis are also introduced. Key concepts covered include linear and non-linear data structures, static and dynamic memory allocation, Big O notation for analyzing algorithms, and common sorting algorithms.
INTRODUCTION TO DATA STRUCTURE & ABSTRACT DATA TYPE.pptxtalhaarif554
油
Learn the basics of Data Structures and Abstract Data Types (ADTs)core concepts in computer science for efficient data organization and problem-solving. Discover how ADTs define behavior independently of implementation. Perfect for beginners starting their journey in algorithm design.
Lecture 1. Data Structure & Algorithm.pptxArifKamal36
油
Data structures allow us to organize and store data in an efficient manner. Some common linear data structures include arrays, linked lists, stacks, and queues. Arrays use contiguous memory locations to store data while linked lists connect nodes using pointers. Stacks follow LIFO principles for insertion and deletion while queues follow FIFO. These data structures find applications in areas like recursion, expression evaluation, memory management, and more.
Data Structures - Primitives and Non-PrimitivesJayavani V
油
Introduction to Data Structures - Definition - Introduction - Classification of Data Structures - Primitive Data Structures - Non-primitives Data Structures - Linear Data Structures - Non-Linear Data Structures - Lists - Stack - Queue - Trees - and Graphs - Difference Between them
Data Structure,
Abstract Data Types,
Types of Data Structure:
Primitive and non-primitive,
Linear and Non-linear,
Static and Dynamic,
Persistent and Ephemeral data structures.
In this review paper, we will discuss about data structure & its algorithms and their complexity. First we begin with the
introduction of data structure and the algorithm and then we discuss the relationship be tween them. Then we will discuss about
complexities of the algorithm in data structure. A data structure is a specialized format for organizing and storing data. An algorithm
is a step by step method of solving a problem. It is commonly used for data processing, calculation and other related computer and
mathematical operations. To write any program we have to select proper algorithm and the data structure. If we choose improper
data structure, algorithm cannot work effectively. Similarly, if we choose improper algorithm we cannot utilize the data structure
effectively. Thus there is a strong relationship between data structure and algorithm. The complexity of an algorithm is a me of the time and/or space required by an algorithm for an input of a given size (n).
This document discusses data structures and provides an introduction and overview. It defines data structures as specialized formats for organizing and storing data to allow efficient access and manipulation. Key points include:
- Data structures include arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees and graphs. They allow efficient handling of data through operations like traversal, insertion, deletion, searching and sorting.
- Linear data structures arrange elements in a sequential order while non-linear structures do not. Common examples are discussed.
- Characteristics of data structures include being static or dynamic, homogeneous or non-homogeneous. Efficiency and complexity are also addressed.
- Basic array operations like traversal, insertion, deletion and searching are demonstrated with pseudocode examples
The document discusses data structures, which determine how data is organized, stored, and accessed in software applications. It defines data structures and lists common examples like arrays, linked lists, trees, and graphs. It then outlines several benefits of studying data structures, such as improved algorithm efficiency and problem-solving skills. Finally, it discusses career opportunities in fields like software development, data science, and machine learning that utilize data structure skills and how online assistance services can help students learn data structures.
1.1 Data Modelling - Part I (Understand Data Model).pdfRakeshKumar145431
油
Data modeling is the process of creating a data model for data stored in a database. It ensures consistency in naming conventions, default values, semantics, and security while also ensuring data quality. There are three main types of data models: conceptual, logical, and physical. The conceptual model establishes entities, attributes, and their relationships. The logical model defines data element structure and relationships. The physical model describes database-specific implementation. The primary goal is accurately representing required data objects. Drawbacks include requiring application modifications for even small structure changes and lacking a standard data manipulation language.
This document discusses the basics of data structures. It defines data structures as ways to organize and store data to enable efficient access and manipulation. Common data structures include arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, graphs, and hash tables. Each has advantages and disadvantages for different data access needs. The document emphasizes choosing the right data structure by considering factors like data access patterns, time and space complexity, and trade-offs.
This document discusses the basics of data structures. It defines data structures as a way to organize and store data to enable efficient access and manipulation. Common data structures include arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, graphs, and hash tables. Each has advantages and disadvantages for different data access needs. Choosing the right data structure is important for optimizing performance and memory usage.
In this you know about
Types of Data Structures / Data structures types in C++
1.Primitive and non-primitive data structure
2.Linear and non-linear data structure
3.Static and dynamic data structure
4.Persistent and ephemeral data structure
5.Sequential and direct access data structure
This document provides an overview of database systems and concepts. It discusses what a database is, common database uses, advantages of database systems over file-based systems, database management systems, data definition and manipulation languages, database architecture levels, relational database principles including entities, relationships, keys and normalization. It also covers database design processes such as requirements analysis, logical and conceptual data modeling, and entity-relationship modeling.
This document introduces data structures and provides examples of primitive and non-primitive data structures. It defines data structures as representations of logical relationships between data elements that consider both the elements and their relationships. It classifies data structures as either primitive, which are directly operated on by machine instructions, or non-primitive, which are derived from primitive structures. Examples of linear non-primitive data structures include stacks, queues, and linked lists, while non-linear structures include trees and graphs. The document also distinguishes between primitive and non-primitive data structures and provides examples of linear data structures.
1. Database management systems (DBMS) allow users to define, create, query, update, and administer databases.
2. A DBMS interacts with users, applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze data stored in the database.
3. Well-known DBMS are tools like MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, and PostgreSQL. They allow defining, creating, querying, updating and managing databases.
Understanding Data Modelling Techniques: A Compre.pdfLynn588356
油
This document provides an overview of data modeling techniques. It discusses the types of data models including conceptual, logical and physical models. It also outlines some common data modeling techniques such as hierarchical, relational, entity-relationship, object-oriented and dimensional modeling. Dimensional modeling includes star and snowflake schemas. The benefits of effective data modeling are also highlighted such as improved data quality, reduced costs and quicker time to market.
The document defines key concepts related to database management systems (DBMS) including what a DBMS is, the different levels of database architecture (external, conceptual, internal), data definition language (DDL), normalization, entity relationship (ER) modeling, and database normalization forms. It provides examples to illustrate database concepts and discusses the advantages of using a DBMS compared to traditional file management systems.
Data modeling is the process of creating a visual representation of data within an information system to illustrate the relationships between different data types and structures. The goal is to model data at conceptual, logical, and physical levels to support business needs and requirements. Conceptual models provide an overview of key entities and relationships, logical models add greater detail, and physical models specify how data will be stored in databases. Data modeling benefits include reduced errors, improved communication and performance, and easier management of data mapping.
The document provides an overview of data structures and algorithms. It defines data structures as collections of data organized in a way that allows efficient access and modification. Algorithms are sets of instructions to solve problems or accomplish tasks. Common categories of algorithms include sort, search, delete, insert, and update. Data structures can be classified as primitive, linear, or non-linear. Linear structures include arrays, linked lists, stacks, and queues while non-linear structures include trees and graphs. Common operations on data structures are searching, insertion, deletion, traversing, sorting, and merging.
Here are some questions about online analytical processing (OLAP):
1. What is the main purpose of OLAP applications and tools?
- The main purpose of OLAP applications and tools is to allow users to ask complex queries of large multidimensional collections of data. They are used for data mining and discovering undisclosed relationships between data items.
2. Why is OLAP needed compared to traditional transaction processing systems?
- OLAP is needed because traditional transaction processing systems are not well-suited for analyzing historical data or discovering trends. OLAP allows data to be organized and queried multidimensionally to gain insights.
3. How is data typically sourced for an OLAP database?
- Data is typically
LOGICAL data Model - Software Data engineeringAbdul Ahad
油
The document discusses logical data modeling. It defines a logical data model as establishing the structure of data elements and relationships independent of physical implementation. It notes logical data models serve as a blueprint for used data. The document outlines key components of logical data models including entities, relationships, and attributes. It also discusses characteristics such as being independent of database systems and modeling business requirements. Overall, the summary provides a high-level overview of the key topics and purpose of logical data modeling covered in the document.
This document provides an introduction to data structures and algorithms. It defines data structures as organized groups of data elements that store and arrange data efficiently in a computer. Algorithms are defined as step-by-step procedures to solve problems or get desired outputs. Common data structure algorithms are searching, sorting, insertion, updating, and deletion. Data structures are classified as linear, where elements are arranged sequentially, and non-linear, where elements are connected hierarchically. Examples of each type are provided. The document aims to provide motivation and background knowledge for learning data structures and algorithms.
This document discusses data structures and provides an introduction and overview. It defines data structures as specialized formats for organizing and storing data to allow efficient access and manipulation. Key points include:
- Data structures include arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees and graphs. They allow efficient handling of data through operations like traversal, insertion, deletion, searching and sorting.
- Linear data structures arrange elements in a sequential order while non-linear structures do not. Common examples are discussed.
- Characteristics of data structures include being static or dynamic, homogeneous or non-homogeneous. Efficiency and complexity are also addressed.
- Basic array operations like traversal, insertion, deletion and searching are demonstrated with pseudocode examples
The document discusses data structures, which determine how data is organized, stored, and accessed in software applications. It defines data structures and lists common examples like arrays, linked lists, trees, and graphs. It then outlines several benefits of studying data structures, such as improved algorithm efficiency and problem-solving skills. Finally, it discusses career opportunities in fields like software development, data science, and machine learning that utilize data structure skills and how online assistance services can help students learn data structures.
1.1 Data Modelling - Part I (Understand Data Model).pdfRakeshKumar145431
油
Data modeling is the process of creating a data model for data stored in a database. It ensures consistency in naming conventions, default values, semantics, and security while also ensuring data quality. There are three main types of data models: conceptual, logical, and physical. The conceptual model establishes entities, attributes, and their relationships. The logical model defines data element structure and relationships. The physical model describes database-specific implementation. The primary goal is accurately representing required data objects. Drawbacks include requiring application modifications for even small structure changes and lacking a standard data manipulation language.
This document discusses the basics of data structures. It defines data structures as ways to organize and store data to enable efficient access and manipulation. Common data structures include arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, graphs, and hash tables. Each has advantages and disadvantages for different data access needs. The document emphasizes choosing the right data structure by considering factors like data access patterns, time and space complexity, and trade-offs.
This document discusses the basics of data structures. It defines data structures as a way to organize and store data to enable efficient access and manipulation. Common data structures include arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, graphs, and hash tables. Each has advantages and disadvantages for different data access needs. Choosing the right data structure is important for optimizing performance and memory usage.
In this you know about
Types of Data Structures / Data structures types in C++
1.Primitive and non-primitive data structure
2.Linear and non-linear data structure
3.Static and dynamic data structure
4.Persistent and ephemeral data structure
5.Sequential and direct access data structure
This document provides an overview of database systems and concepts. It discusses what a database is, common database uses, advantages of database systems over file-based systems, database management systems, data definition and manipulation languages, database architecture levels, relational database principles including entities, relationships, keys and normalization. It also covers database design processes such as requirements analysis, logical and conceptual data modeling, and entity-relationship modeling.
This document introduces data structures and provides examples of primitive and non-primitive data structures. It defines data structures as representations of logical relationships between data elements that consider both the elements and their relationships. It classifies data structures as either primitive, which are directly operated on by machine instructions, or non-primitive, which are derived from primitive structures. Examples of linear non-primitive data structures include stacks, queues, and linked lists, while non-linear structures include trees and graphs. The document also distinguishes between primitive and non-primitive data structures and provides examples of linear data structures.
1. Database management systems (DBMS) allow users to define, create, query, update, and administer databases.
2. A DBMS interacts with users, applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze data stored in the database.
3. Well-known DBMS are tools like MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, and PostgreSQL. They allow defining, creating, querying, updating and managing databases.
Understanding Data Modelling Techniques: A Compre.pdfLynn588356
油
This document provides an overview of data modeling techniques. It discusses the types of data models including conceptual, logical and physical models. It also outlines some common data modeling techniques such as hierarchical, relational, entity-relationship, object-oriented and dimensional modeling. Dimensional modeling includes star and snowflake schemas. The benefits of effective data modeling are also highlighted such as improved data quality, reduced costs and quicker time to market.
The document defines key concepts related to database management systems (DBMS) including what a DBMS is, the different levels of database architecture (external, conceptual, internal), data definition language (DDL), normalization, entity relationship (ER) modeling, and database normalization forms. It provides examples to illustrate database concepts and discusses the advantages of using a DBMS compared to traditional file management systems.
Data modeling is the process of creating a visual representation of data within an information system to illustrate the relationships between different data types and structures. The goal is to model data at conceptual, logical, and physical levels to support business needs and requirements. Conceptual models provide an overview of key entities and relationships, logical models add greater detail, and physical models specify how data will be stored in databases. Data modeling benefits include reduced errors, improved communication and performance, and easier management of data mapping.
The document provides an overview of data structures and algorithms. It defines data structures as collections of data organized in a way that allows efficient access and modification. Algorithms are sets of instructions to solve problems or accomplish tasks. Common categories of algorithms include sort, search, delete, insert, and update. Data structures can be classified as primitive, linear, or non-linear. Linear structures include arrays, linked lists, stacks, and queues while non-linear structures include trees and graphs. Common operations on data structures are searching, insertion, deletion, traversing, sorting, and merging.
Here are some questions about online analytical processing (OLAP):
1. What is the main purpose of OLAP applications and tools?
- The main purpose of OLAP applications and tools is to allow users to ask complex queries of large multidimensional collections of data. They are used for data mining and discovering undisclosed relationships between data items.
2. Why is OLAP needed compared to traditional transaction processing systems?
- OLAP is needed because traditional transaction processing systems are not well-suited for analyzing historical data or discovering trends. OLAP allows data to be organized and queried multidimensionally to gain insights.
3. How is data typically sourced for an OLAP database?
- Data is typically
LOGICAL data Model - Software Data engineeringAbdul Ahad
油
The document discusses logical data modeling. It defines a logical data model as establishing the structure of data elements and relationships independent of physical implementation. It notes logical data models serve as a blueprint for used data. The document outlines key components of logical data models including entities, relationships, and attributes. It also discusses characteristics such as being independent of database systems and modeling business requirements. Overall, the summary provides a high-level overview of the key topics and purpose of logical data modeling covered in the document.
This document provides an introduction to data structures and algorithms. It defines data structures as organized groups of data elements that store and arrange data efficiently in a computer. Algorithms are defined as step-by-step procedures to solve problems or get desired outputs. Common data structure algorithms are searching, sorting, insertion, updating, and deletion. Data structures are classified as linear, where elements are arranged sequentially, and non-linear, where elements are connected hierarchically. Examples of each type are provided. The document aims to provide motivation and background knowledge for learning data structures and algorithms.
The Golden Gate Bridge a structural marvel inspired by mother nature.pptxAkankshaRawat75
油
The Golden Gate Bridge is a 6 lane suspension bridge spans the Golden Gate Strait, connecting the city of San Francisco to Marin County, California.
It provides a vital transportation link between the Pacific Ocean and the San Francisco Bay.
How to Build a Maze Solving Robot Using ArduinoCircuitDigest
油
Learn how to make an Arduino-powered robot that can navigate mazes on its own using IR sensors and "Hand on the wall" algorithm.
This step-by-step guide will show you how to build your own maze-solving robot using Arduino UNO, three IR sensors, and basic components that you can easily find in your local electronics shop.
Lecture -3 Cold water supply system.pptxrabiaatif2
油
The presentation on Cold Water Supply explored the fundamental principles of water distribution in buildings. It covered sources of cold water, including municipal supply, wells, and rainwater harvesting. Key components such as storage tanks, pipes, valves, and pumps were discussed for efficient water delivery. Various distribution systems, including direct and indirect supply methods, were analyzed for residential and commercial applications. The presentation emphasized water quality, pressure regulation, and contamination prevention. Common issues like pipe corrosion, leaks, and pressure drops were addressed along with maintenance strategies. Diagrams and case studies illustrated system layouts and best practices for optimal performance.
This PPT covers the index and engineering properties of soil. It includes details on index properties, along with their methods of determination. Various important terms related to soil behavior are explained in detail. The presentation also outlines the experimental procedures for determining soil properties such as water content, specific gravity, plastic limit, and liquid limit, along with the necessary calculations and graph plotting. Additionally, it provides insights to understand the importance of these properties in geotechnical engineering applications.
2. Definition:
Data Structure is a logical or Mathematical model which is used to organized the
data in a memory
Data Structures are the main part of many Computer Science Algorithms as
they allow the programmers to manage the data in an effective way.
Data Structures support different methods to organize, manage, and store data
efficiently.
Data Structures provide Efficiency, Reusability, and Abstraction.
What is Data
Structure?
3. Data Structures allow us to organize and store data, whereas Algorithms allow us to
process that data meaningfully.
Learning Data Structures and Algorithms will help us become better Programmers.
We will be able to write code that is more effective and reliable.
We will also be able to solve problems more quickly and efficiently.
Why should we
need to learn
Data Structure?
4. Data Structures allow us to organize and store data, whereas Algorithms allow us to
process that data meaningfully.
Learning Data Structures and Algorithms will help us become better Programmers.
We will be able to write code that is more effective and reliable.
We will also be able to solve problems more quickly and efficiently.
Why should we
need to learn
Data Structure?
5. A Data Structure delivers a structured set of variables related to each other in
various ways.
It forms the basis of a programming tool that signifies the relationship between the
data elements and allows programmers to process the data efficiently.
We can classify Data Structures into two categories:
Primitive Data Structure
Non-Primitive Data Structure
Classifications
of Data
Structure
7. Primitive Data Structures
Primitive Data Structures are the data structures consisting of the numbers and the
characters that come in-built into programs.
These data structures can be manipulated or operated directly by machine-level
instructions.
Basic data types like Integer, Float, Character, and Boolean come under the Primitive
Data Structures.
These data types are also called Simple data types,.
Classifications
of Data
Structure
8. Non-Primitive Data Structures
Non-Primitive Data Structures are those data structures derived from Primitive
Data Structures.
These data structures can't be manipulated or operated directly by machine-level
instructions.
The focus of these data structures is on forming a set of data elements that is
either homogeneous (same data type) or heterogeneous (different data types).
Based on the structure and arrangement of data, we can divide these data
structures into two sub-categories -
Linear Data Structures
Non-Linear Data Structures
Classifications
of Data
Structure