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INTRODUCTION TO LITERATURE
By ;
Arvan Prima Tungga K2211
Hanova Priambada K2211
Paramiytha Wijayanti KD K2211
Reski Novitasari K2211072

Not all sonnets Iambic
Pentameter !!
e.g. sonnet in Sir Philip Sidney's
sequence Astrophel and Stella, for
example, has 12 syllables and it is
Iambic Hexameter, albeit with a turned
first foot in several lines. In the
Romance Language, the Hendeca
syllable and Alexandrine are the most
widely used meters.

#
• Italian (Petrarchan) sonnet
• English(Shakespearean)sonnet
• Spenserian sonnet
• Urdu Sonnet
• Occitan sonnet
• Modern sonnet

#
Called
Petrarchan
Why ??????
The Italian sonnet was created by Giacomo da Lentini.
Guittoned’ Arezzo rediscovered it and brought it to Tuscany in
Neo-Sicilian School (1235–1294). He wrote almost 250
sonnets.The most famous early sonneteer was PETRARCA
(known in English as Petrarch). Generally Iambic Pentameter.

#
First ; 8 lines
OCTAVE (two quatrians)
"problem,desire or
situation”
ABBAABBA
Second ; 6 lines
SESTET (two tercets)
“resolution”
CDECDE or CDCCDC
14 LINES

#
When I consider how my light is spent (a) iambic pentameter
Ere half my days, in this dark world and wide, (b)
And that one talent which is death to hide, (b)
Lodged with me useless, though my soul more bent (a)
To serve therewith my Maker, and present (a)
My true account, lest he returning chide; (b)
"Doth God exact day-labor, light denied?" (b)
I fondly ask; but Patience to prevent (a)
That murmur, soon replies, "God doth not need (c)
Either man's work or his own gifts; who best (d)
Bear his mild yoke, they serve him best. His state (e)
Is Kingly. Thousands at his bidding speed (c)
And post o'er land and ocean without rest; (d)
They also serve who only stand and wait." (e)

#
English Sonnet start to be introduced in the
next two decades.We saw sonnet sequences by ;
William Shakespeare, Edmund Spenser, Michael
Drayton, Samuel Daniel, FulkeGreville, William
Drummond of Hawthornden, and many others.
This literature is often attributed to the
Elizabethan Age and known as
These sonnets were all essentially
inspired by the Petrarchan tradition, and generally
treat of the poet's love for some woman.

2nd quatrain CDCD
Develop theme
14 lines
end-rhymed
a-b-a-b, c-d-c-d, e-f-e-f, g-g

e.g. of Shakespearean
Reading
Analysis
 Singing

#
A variant on the English form is the Spenserian sonnet. Named after
Edmund Spenser (c.1552–1599). The rhyme scheme is, abab, bcbc,
cdcd, ee.
A Spenserian sonnet does not appear to require that the initial
octave set up a problem that the closing sestet answers, as with a
Petrarchan sonnet. Instead, the form is treated as three quatrains
connected by the interlocking rhyme scheme and followed by a couplet.
The linked rhymes of his quatrains suggest the linked rhymes of such
Italian forms as terzarima.

#
One day I wrote her name upon the
strand, A iambic pentameter
But came the waves and washed it away:
B
Again I wrote it with a second hand, A
But came the tide, and made my pains his
prey. B
Vain man, said she, that doest in vain
assay B
A mortal thing so to immortalize, C
For I myself shall like to this decay, B
And eek my name be wiped out likewise.
C
Not so (quoth I), let baser things devise C
arvan

It was written by Paolo Lanfranchi da Pistoia and is
addressed Peter III if Paragon.
The rhyme scheme “a-b-a-b, a-b-a-b,
c-d-c-d-c-d”. This poem is historically
interesting for its information on north Italian
perspectives concerning the War of The Sicilian
Vespers, the conflict between the Angevins and
Aragones for Sicily.

An Occitan sonnet, dated
to 1321 and assigned to one
"William of Almarichi",
wich is found in Jean de
Nostredame and Cited in Giovanni
Crescembeni, Storia Dellavolglar
Pesia.
It congratulates Robert of Naples
on his victory .

#
Valenz Senhier, reidels Aragone
a qi prezes honors tut iornenansa
remembrevus, Senher, del Reifranze
qevusvenc a vezer e laiset Frans
Ab dos sosfill zesabaqel d'Artes
hanc no fescol pd'es pazani de lans
e main zbaros menet de lurpaes
jorn de lurvida said n'auranmenbransa
Nostre Senhier faccia a vuscompagn
per qe en ren no vusqal[la] duptar
Talsquidah omqeperda qega zaingna
Seigneres de la terra e de la mar
per qe lo ReiEngles e seld'Espangn
nevarranmais, si.ls vorresaiudar
Valiant Lord, king of the Aragonese
to whom honour grows every day closer,
remember, Lord, the French king
that has come to find you and has left France
With his two sons and that one of Artois
but they have not dealt a blow with sword or
lance
and many barons have left their country:
but a day will come when they will have some to
remember.
Our Lord make yourself a company
in order that you might fear nothing;
that one who would appear to lose might win.
Lord of the land and the sea,
as whom the king of England and that of Spain
are not worth as much, if you wish to help them.

#
Sonnet 'Dubkani' by Zia Fatehabadi
book titled MeriTasveer
" Dubkani "
Pas e pardaakisii ne mere armaanonkiimehfilko
(a)
Kuchh is andaaz se dekhaa, kuchhaisetaur se
dekhaa (b)
Ghubaar e aah se de karjilaaaainaa e dilko (a)
Hariksooratkomainekhoobdekhaa, ghaur se
dekhaa (b)
Nazaraaiinawohsoorat, mujhejiskiitamanaathii (c)
Bahutdhoondaakiyaagulshanmein,
veeraanemein, bastiimein (d)
Munnawarshamma e mehar o maah se din
raatduniyaathii (c)
Magarchaarontarafthaaghupandheraameriihastii
mein (d)
Dil e majboorkomajrooh e ulfatkardiyaakisne (e)
Mere
ahsaaskiighahraiionmeinhaichubhanghamkii (f)
Mitaakarjism, meriiroohkoapnaaliyaakisne (e)
Jawanii ban gaiiaamaajagaahsadmaat e paihamkii
(f)
Hijaabaat e nazarkaasisilaatodauraabhiijaa (g)
Mujheikbaarapnaajalwaa e rangiindikhaabhiijaa.
(g)

With the advent of free verse, the
sonnet was seen as somewhat old-
fashioned and fell out of use for
a time among some schools of poets .
However, a number of modern poets, including
Wilfred Owen, John Berryman, George
Meredith, Edwin Morgan, Robert Frost,
Rupert Brooke, George Sterling, Edna St. Vincent
Millay, and Seamus Heaney continued to use the form.
The advent of the New Formalism movement in the
United States has also contributed to contemporary
interest in the sonnet. The sonnet sees its revival with the
word sonnet. Concise and visual in effect, word sonnets are
fourteen line poems, with one word per line. Frequently allusive
and imagistic, they can also be irreverent and playful.

I Carry Your Heart With Me
Video

 Understand the basic rules of a sonnet ;
consist of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter, the rhymes
arranged according to one of certain definite kind.
 Learn the basic definitions about ;
a. Iambic foot ; Stressed and Unstressed
e.g. toDAY,mySELF
b. Pentameter ; repeat the iambic foot in Five times
e.g. toDAY he KNOWS he’ll FIND my OTHer SHOE
c. Quatrain: Four lines of a stanza or poem.
d. Sestet: Six lines of a stanza or poem.
e. Octave: Eight lines of a stanza or poem.
f. Couplet: Two consecutive lines that must rhyme
 Use iambic pentameter consistently throughout each line
 Keep writing and stay flexible in your attempts

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