際際滷

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Introduction to risk and insurance for everyone
愀悋惡 愕惘惶
ERM
惘愕擧 愆悋愕悋 悋惡慍悋惘悋盒潮
愀悋惡 愕惘惶
ERM
惘愕擧 愆悋愕悋 悋惡慍悋惘悋盒潮
惡 惆悋愆 惡愃
≒愀惠 惘忰 惆惘 惡
≒惆悋惘惆 悴惆 悛 悋惘擧悋 惡惘悋 惷  惷惆 惠惺悋惘:惘愕擧
≒惆悋惘惆 悴惆 惘愕擧 悋慍 惡惘惆悋愆惠 惆 惡 惶惺惠 惆惘:
奄愆惆 悽惘惆悋惘 惡 悛 惡惘悋惡惘 惆惘 擧 悽愀惘
(愕慍 悛惠愆)
奄惡 拆愆愆 惠忰惠 悋悋 悋 惘惆(悴悋 惘悋惆)
惘愕擧惺惠惺惘
金悛 惆惘 擧 愆惘悋愀悋擧悋
悋惘悋悋忰悋悋悋悋惠悴悋 悋慍
悋愀悋悋(悋惘惘惆悋惠惴悋悋 )
惆悋惘惆 惆 悴.
≒擧  惶惘 惡 悋忰惠悋 惺 擧(擧  惶惘 悽惆 )
惆悋惘惆 悴惆(.<=悋愀悋 惺惆)
≒悽悋惶 惘愕擧 惺  悋忰惘悋.
≒惘惆 惆惘擯惘惡惺 惘愕擧:
惆悋惘 悋慍 惘悋惠惘 悋 悽愕悋惘惠 擧 悋 悋忰惠悋
惘惆悋惠惴悋惘(愆惆 悛惘 悴惺 悋 惡 忰)
愆惆.
悋愀悋惺惆(Uncertainty)
錫悛惆 惘惆 惆惘 惆悋愆 惆悋 悋 惠惘惆惆
錫悋愀悋 惺惆 悋慍 惠惺惘 惺 悋 惡悵 惘愕擧擯惠 
惘愕擧 惡 惘悋悴惺 惘惆 惡惘惆悋愆惠  惠惶惘 惺 愆惆 
錫愆惆  惘惡愀 惘惆 惘擧惘惆 惡 悋愀悋 惺惆.
錫悵 惘愕擧擯悵悋惘惆  悋惓惘 悋惘悋惆 擯惘 惠惶 惡惘.
悋愀悋惺惆惘愕擧惠悋惠
≒惘愕擧 惺 惘愕擧
≒悋愀悋 惺惆 悵 惘愕擧
≒悛 悋惆 忰悋惠 惆惘:
惺 悋 惘愕擧 擯惘 惠惶 悋擧
悋愀悋 惺惆
惡惠惘 悋愀悋惺悋惠
悋愀悋 惺惆 擧悋愆
悵 悋 惘愕擧 悋慍 惡惠惘 惡惘悛惘惆
惡惠惘 擯惘 惠惶
≒惘愕擧 惆惘悴悽愕悋惘惠 惺 悋忰惠悋 惡悋 惠悋愕惡
≒惡悋 惡惘悋惡惘 悽愕悋惘惠 悋忰惠悋擧:惘惆 惠悴盒潮 惺 忰惠 愆悋愕
悋惠惴悋惘
≒惡悋 惡惘悋惡惘 悽愕悋惘惠 悋忰惠悋惶惘:惺 惺惆 惘愕擧 悴惆 惺惆
悽愕悋惘惠
Russian roulette
惘愕擧
≒惡悋愆惆 惶惘 悋 擧 悽愕悋惘惠 悋忰惠悋 悋擯惘:
悴惆 悋惠惴悋惘 惘惆 惠悴盒潮 悋慍 愃惘 悋 惠悴盒潮 惺 惡惘悋 愆悋愕 
惆悋惘惆
惆悋惘惆 悴惆 惘愕擧 惺
惠惺惆悋惆 惺 悋忰惠悋 惠悋  惆悋惘 悽愀惘 惺惘惷 慍悋惆 惠惺惆悋惆 惠
擧惘惆 惡惘悛惘惆 惘悋 惺
惘愕擧
≒惆悋惘惆 惡愕惠擯 惺悋 惆 惡 惘愕擧 悋惆悋慍:
錫惘悋悋(悋忰惠悋)
錫愆惆惠
≒悽愕悋惘惠 悋忰惠悋  愆惆惠 惘悋惡愀 惘悋惷 惡悋:
愆惆惠惘悋悋=悽愕悋惘惠悋惆惘悋惷
悋 惠惺悋惘
Peril(惘悽愀悽愕悋惘惠 惠惺)
愕惘惠 惠擯惘擯 惠惆惡悋惆 愕慍 悛惠愆
Hazard(悽悋愀惘)
惘悋 惘惷 悽愀惘 悽愕悋惘惠 愆悋愕 悋愕惠 擧 擧 愆惘悋愀
悋悴惆惘悋 悛 悋 擧惘惆悋慍悋愆惆惆.
悽悋愀惘悋惠悋悋惺
≒慍擧 悽愀惘(Physical Hazard:)愆惘悋 惆 惡 悽愕悋惘惠 悋忰惠悋 悋慍悋愆
惓 慍擧 悋悋愕惡:愕悋悽惠悋 擧悋惘惡惘 惆悋惘悋 忰 愕悋慍 惺
≒悋悽悋 悽愀惘(Moral Hazard:)悋悴悋惆 擯悵悋惘 惡 惠悋悋 惘惠悋惘 惡 惠悋
惡愆惠惘 愃惘悋惠 惆惘悋惠 惡惘悋 悽愕悋惘惠 惆悋惆 悴 惡慍惘擯 悋 惺惆 悽愕悋惘惠
≒惘忰悋 悽愀惘(Morale Hazard:)惡 忰惡惘 惆惘 愆惆 惡悋惺 擧 悋惆悋
悋惡惆 悋慍悋愆 悽愕悋惘惠.惡 悴惆 惆 惡 惆惠 惡  惠悴 惡
≒  悽愀惘(Legal Hazard:)惆 惡 悽愕悋惘惠 惘悋悋  愆惆惠 悋慍悋愆
擯悵悋惘 悋
Introduction to risk and insurance for everyone
Deep Pocket Syndrome
Introduction to risk and insurance for everyone
惘愕擧惡惆愀惡悋悋惺
愃惘 惘愕擧
(Non-Financial Risk)
拆 悋惘慍愆 惡 惠悋惆 悋惡 愃惘 悽愕悋惘惠
 惘愕擧
(Financial Risk)
惆悋惘惆 悋 拆悋惆 惘愕擧 悋慍 忰悋惶 悽愕悋惘惠.
惘愕擧惡惆愀惡悋悋惺
悋愕惠 惘愕擧
(Static Risk)
惡惆 惘惠悋惘 悋 愀悋惺 愆惘悋 惆 惡 悽愕悋惘惠 惺
惆擯惘悋
 拆 惘愕擧
(Dynamic Risk)
悋惠惶悋惆 愆惘悋 惠愃惘 惆 惡 悽愕悋惘惠 惺
惘愕擧惡惆愀惡悋悋惺
惺 惘愕擧
(Fundamental
Risk)
 悋惓惘 惘惆 悋慍 慍悋惆 惺惆 惡惘 忰悋惶 悽愕悋惘惠
擯悵悋惘惆.
悽惶 惘愕擧
(Particular Risk)
悋愕惠 悋惓惘擯悵悋惘 悋惘悋惆 悋慍 擧 惺惆 惡惘 惠悋 擧 悽愕悋惘惠.
惠悴
≒悋愕悋 惠愕 擧惠惘 愃惘悋惡 愆惘悋 惆 惡 惺悋 悋 惘愕擧
悛惆  惡悴惆.
≒惺悋 悋 惘愕擧 悋惘 惡惘悋:
1-悋悴惠悋惺 悋 惡
2-惘愕擧 悋惠悋 悋 惡惘悋
≒惡悋惘悋 惡 惘愕擧 惡惆 悽悋惶 悋 惺悋 惘惆 惆惘 擯惘 惠惶
擯惘惆惆 惡惘 悴惺.
惘愕擧惡惆愀惡悋悋惺
悽惶 惘愕擧
(Pure Risk)
悽愕悋惘惠  惆惆 悽愕悋惘惠 悋忰惠悋 惆  悛 惆惘
惆悋惘惆 悴惆 惆惆.
惆悋擯惘悋 愕 惘愕擧
(Speculative Risk)
惆惆 悽愕悋惘惠 惆惆 悽愕悋惘惠 悋忰惠悋 愕 悛 惆惘
惆悋惘惆 悴惆 惡惘惆 愕惆 .
悽悋惶悋惘愕擧悋悋惺
奄悋愆悽惶 惘愕擧(Personal Risk)
惡擧悋惘 惺惡 惶 惡悋慍愆愕惠擯 悋慍擧悋惘悋惠悋惆擯 惠
奄悋 悋 惘愕擧(Property Risk)
悋惡惆 悋 惆慍惆 惆 惡 惆悋惘悋 悋惘慍愆 惆悋惆 悋慍惆愕惠 悋 惠 悋惠 惘愕擧.
悋悋 惘愕擧悋愕惠 惺 惆:愃惘愕惠  愕惠
奄惠 愕悧 惘愕擧(Liability Risk)
惆擯惘悋 悋悋 悋 悋惘悋惆 惡 愃惘惺惆 惶惆 悋 悽愀惘
惶惘 悋惓惘 惆惘
奄惆擯惘悋 惘 惶 悋慍 愆 惘愕擧
悋惆 惺 悽惆 惠惺惆 惡 惠悋惆  惡悋愆惆 惺 愆惘悋  慍悋 惆惘 擧悋惘 悋悴悋 惠惺惆 惘惆.
拆悵惘惡悋惘愕擧
錫惘愕擧悽悋惶
錫惘愕擧悋愕惠悋
錫惘愕擧悋
錫惘愕擧悽悋惶
惆 惡 拆悵惘 惡 惘愕擧
擯惘愕擧
愕惠  悽愕惘惠 惆 惡 悋惠惆 惡
悽愕惘惠 惆 惡 惠
悽愕惘惠 惆 惡 悴 惠 惡
悽愕惘惠 惆 惡 惡 拆愆 惡
惠惺惆悋惆慍惆惺惘惷擯 悽愀惘
擯悵悋惘 惡 愆惘悋愀
拆悵惘 惡 惺 悋惶
愕惺惆 悋惠悽
悋悽悋 悽愀惘
悋悴惠惺  悋惠惶惆 愆惘悋愀
悋 惠惠 惆惘擯悵悋惘
忰惆惆惠
惘愕擧 惺惡悋惠
≒愆惆  惷惘惘 惡悋惺 悋 悽愕悋惘惠
≒愕惘悋 悵悽惘 惠惺 悋愀悋 惺惆
擧悋 惡惆悋惘 惆悋惘惆 悋擧悋  悋惆  悋愕惠悋惆 惡悋
悋悋愆惆 .
≒悋惠惶悋惆 惘愆惆 悋惺
≒悋愀悋 惺惆 惡惺惠 悋愕惠惶悋  惺悴慍 悋忰愕悋愕 悋悴悋惆
忰悋惆惓 惺 惡 愕悋惠
惡悋惘悋  悛惠悋惡:
愕惘拆悋 惡 悋忰惠悋悴
 悋愕悋悋 悴
忰悋悋惠:悛悋惆擯
忰悋惴惠 惡惘悋悋惘 悋惡惺:
 悋愕悋 惘
悛惡 惡悋惆 忰悋 惶惺惠 悋悋惡:
惡悽悋惘-惆擯 悋悴悋惘
惡悽悋惘
≒惡惘
≒惆惘 惠惘悋
愕慍
≒悋 愕惠 悋惘 悋愀悋惺悋惠
惘愕擧 拆惆悋愆 惘惆
惆慍惆  惺 惘悋擯惘 惡 悋惘惠擧悋惡 惡悋 擧惘悋 悋惘慍
悋惆 愆惆 惘悋慍悋 悴悋擯慍.
惘愕擧 愆擯 悋惺 惆惘悋 惆慍惆悋  惆慍惆悋
悋惆 惡惆 惠悋惘悽 愀 惆惘.
悴悋悋惠 惘悽 惡愆惠惘
惆惠惘惠 惆慍惆
惘愕擧 拆惆悋愆 惘惆
Introduction to risk and insurance for everyone
惘愕擧 惆惘惠 惆
1-惘悋愕 悋慍 擧惠惘 惆惘 悴惆惆 悋慍 惘愕擧 惆惘惠
2-悋悋惡 悋惆:悽悋惶 惘愕擧 惆惘惠 愕悧 惘惆 惡悋惆 愕悋慍悋 惆惘
惡悋愆惆
3-惆悋愆惠惆 惡 惆惘 愆惘擧惠悋 慍悋 悛 惆惘.惘愕擧 惆惘惠 惘愆 惡悋惡惘悋
擯惘惆惆  惡惘 惡 悽惘惆 惆惘惠 惡.
4-惠愕惺惠惶 惠悧惘惆悋惘惆 悋惆  慍 惠忰 惡惘 惠悋擧惆 擧.
惘愕擧 惆惘惠 惆
5-愕悋1950:愕惘惶 惡 惆惘惠 惺  惺悋惠 惆惘 惠忰 愆惆 悋惷悋
惆惘愕
6-惆惘惠 悋 惆悋愆擧惆 愕惘惶 惡 惠惶 惠悧惘 愆惆 悋惷悋
7-惆愕悋 惠愕 悽愕悋惘惠 悋慍 悴擯惘  擧惠惘 惘擧惘惆悋 惠愕惺
惡悋  惴悋 惶悋惺 惆惘 愕愕惠
8-愕愕惠 悋 惠擧悋
惘愕擧 惆惘惠 惆
惠悋惆 悋愆 悋 悋愕悋 擧 悋惠惆  悋惠悋 慍悋 忰悋惆惓
惴惘 惘惆 擧悋惘 愆惆 悋悴悋  擧惆 悋悋 惘悋 悽惆 惴悋
惡悋愆惆 惆悋愆惠 拆 惆惘 悽愕悋惘惠.
愕愕惠 悋
悋 悽惘悋惡 愆悋愕悋 愕愕惠 悋 惆
悛悋愕惠 悋惓惘悋惠 擧惘惆 擧 悋 忰悵 
愆愕 悋惆惓 忰
愕惠!
惘愕擧 惆惘惠 惆
1975:
忰惘 悽惘惆悋惘悋 悋悴惆惘惠 悋悴 惡 悋
惡  惘愕擧
Risk
&Insurance
Management
Society
惘愕擧 惆惘惠 惆
Decision
Theory
Risk
Control
Risk
Financing
Risk
Management
惡  悋
悋
惆惘 惠忰
惺悋惠
惘愕擧 惆惘惠 惆
惠惺悋惘 惆惘 愆惠惘擧 愀 惆:
1-惆悋惘惆 愕惘擧悋惘 悽悋惶 惘愕擧 惡悋 惘愕擧 惆惘惠悽惶 惘愕擧
2-愆悋 擧 悋愕惠 惘悛惆悋愕惠 悋 惘愕擧 惆惘惠惘悛惆
惘愕擧 惆惘惠:
拆愆 愀惘 悋慍 悽悋惶 惘愕擧 惡悋 悋惡 惡惘悋 惺 惘擧惘惆
擧惘惆 擧 悋 惘 愕悋慍 拆悋惆  愀惘悋忰  悽愕悋惘惠 惡
愆惆 悋惺 悋 悽愕悋惘惠 悋 悋惓惘悋惠 悋 惘愕擧 惺 悋忰惠悋
惘愕擧 惆惘惠
惆悋惘惆 惺 惘擧惘惆
愕惠 惺 !
悋愕惠  悋惶  悋  惡惘悋愕愕 惆悋愆 惡惆 惺
惆  惡 拆愆 惘悋 惠悴 擧
惘愕擧 惆惘惠 惆
惘愕擧 惡 惆惘 惘擧惘惆:
1-愃惘慍(惘惆)-悽愀惘 惡惘悋惡惘 惆惘 悋悽惆悛擯悋 悋擧愆
2-惠惘惡惠(惘惆)-惘愕擧 惡悋 悋悴 悋 惘悋擯惘
3-擯惘悋 悋惆-惘悋惘惆悋惆悋 愕 悋慍 惡 悽惘惆 惡惘 悋悴悋悋惘
忰  悋悴惠悋惺
惘愕擧 惆惘惠 悋惡慍悋惘悋盒潮
Tools
Risk
Control
Avoidance
Reduction
Risk
Financing
Retention
Transfer
惘愕擧 惆惘惠 惆
惘愕擧 惆惘惠 悋惡慍悋惘:
1-惘愕擧 擧惠惘(悽愕悋惘惠 惘愕擧 擧悋愆 惡惘 惠惘擧慍:)
惘愕擧 悋慍 悋悴惠悋惡-惘愕擧 擧悋愆
2-惘愕擧 悋 惠悋(擧 悋 惘愕擧 惡惘悋 擧悋 悴 惠惆悋惘擧 惡惘 惠惘擧慍
悋惆  惡悋 擧惠惘 悋慍 拆愕:)惘愕擧 擯惆悋惘-惘愕擧 悋惠悋-悋愆惠惘悋擧
惘愕擧
惘愕擧 惆惘惠 惆
惘愕擧 擧惠惘-惘愕擧 悋慍 悋悴惠
忰惴 擧 惡惘悋 忰惠 拆悵惘 惘悋 惘愕擧 惺
悋惆:悽愀惘悋擧 忰惶 惠惆 惺惆
擧惘惡惘惆:悋惡  惡悋愆惆 惆悋愆惠 悴惆 悛慍 悋悴惺 悽愕悋惘惠 悋忰惠悋 悋惘惆擧
悋悋愆惆 悋惠悋  擧悋愆.
惘擧惘惆:悋愕惠 .惘愕擧 拆悵惘愆 擯惘 惆惘 悴悋惺  惘惆 拆愆惘惠 慍惘悋
悋愕惠.
悛悽惘  悋惠悽 悋
慍 忰 惆惘 擯慍
悋愕惠 惘愕擧 惆惘惠.
惘愕擧 惆惘惠 惆
惘愕擧 擧惠惘-惘愕擧 擧愆
惘悋悋 擧愆  惠擧擧(Loss Prevention:)惘悋悋 擧惠惘-
惺  悋惡惘 惆惘 愕擯惘擧愆惆
愆惆惠 擧愆  惠擧擧(Loss Control):擧 悋 惘愕擧 惘惆 惆惘
惡惠惆 悋惠悋 惡悋惆.愆惆惠 擧惠惘-拆惘悋擧惆  悴惆悋愕慍 悋愕拆惘擧惘 惶惡
 惆悋惘悋 愕慍
惘愕擧 惆惘惠 惆
惘愕擧 擧惠惘-惘愕擧 擧愆
惆愕 惘擧惘惆:
≒悽愕悋惘惠 惡 悴惘 悽悋愀惘悋惠 忰悵
≒悋悋 愆惘悋 忰悵
≒惘惷:悋愆惠悋悋悋惠悋愕惠 悋拆悵惘 悋悴惠悋惡 悋愕悋
悋愕 惘惠惘 惘擧惘惆:
≒悋悋 悋惆悋悋惠 忰悵
惘愕擧 惆惘惠 惆
惘愕擧 擧惠惘-惘愕擧 擧愆
慍:
≒忰惆惓 悋慍 拆愆-悋愆 悋  惘悋惆擯 悛慍愆
≒忰惆惓 忰-悋 擧惘惡惆
≒忰惆惓 悋慍 惡惺惆-愕悋慍愆 惆悋惆擯悋 悋慍 惡惘 悋擧 惡惘悋 惆惆擯悋 忰悋惆惓 惡悋 悵悋擧惘
擧惆( .慍 悋)
惘愕擧 惆惘惠 惆
惘愕擧  惠-惘愕擧 擯惆悋惘惘悋擧惘 惠惆悋惠惘
≒悛擯
≒悛擯
≒惆悋愀惡-悋悴惠悋惡 悋 悋惠悋 惡悴悋 擯惆悋惘 惠惶
≒愃惘惆悋愀惡-悋悋愆惆 惆擯惘 悋惘 惠 擯惆悋惘 惠惶-悋 惘愕擧
拆悵惘 惡 愃惘
Funded-擧惆  擯悵悋惘 惺悋惠 悋 惆悋惘悋 愆惘擧惠 悋 惡惘悋 惡惘悋愕悋愕
擧惆  擯惆悋惘 惆 惡 慍惆擧 悋 惆 悋惡 惆惘 .
Unfunded-悋 惠惆悋惘擧  惡惘悋 惡惆
惘愕擧 惆惘惠 惆
惘愕擧  惠-惘愕擧 悋惠
1-Insurance buying
2-Hedging-悋 悽惘惆 愀惘 悋慍 惆悋惘悋 惠 惠愃惘 惘愕擧 拆愆愆
惡悋愆惆 悽悋 悴惠 惆惘 悛 惠 惠愃惘悋惠 擧 惆擯惘 惆悋惘悋 惘悽惠.
3-Contractual arrangement-惆擯惘 愀惘 悽愕悋惘惠 悋擧悋 愀惘
拆悵惘惆  惘悋.
惘愕擧 惆惘惠 惆
惘愕擧  惠-惘愕擧 悋愆惠惘悋擧
悋慍 惠惘擧悋惘愕擧 擯惆悋惘惘愕擧 悋惠悋悋愕惠.
悋 惆拆悋惘惠悋 悴惺 慍惘
悋 惆拆悋惘惠悋 悴惺 慍惘
惡惆 惠愕
擧惘
惶惺惠
惠惆  愕悋悽惠
惘愆  悽惘惆
愕惘悋 悴惘悋 惆惘惠  悋 惠悖
悋 悋愀悋惺悋惠 惠忰  惓惡惠
惆惘惠
愕悋慍悋惆
(Organizing)
惘慍 惡惘悋
(Planning)
惘悋惆
(Command)
悋擯
(Coordination
)
擧惠惘(Control)
愕悋慍悋 悋惘悋惆  悋悋 悋慍 忰悋惴惠
Introduction to risk and insurance for everyone
Introduction to risk and insurance for everyone
惠 愕悧
忰惴惆悋惘悋+愕惆 擧惘惆 忰惆悋擧惓惘惆悋惘悋 忰悋惴惠
忰惆惆
悋悋惺 惘愕擧(pure/ speculative
risks)
pure risk
惘愕擧 惆惘惠 擧惘 擧惆 惠慍  擯
惺 惆惘惠惘愕擧 惆惘惠
惡 惆惘惠
 惺 惆惘惠
惘愕擧 惆惘惠
惡 惆惘惠
惡 惆惘惠  惘愕擧 惆惘惠 愕 惆惘 惠悋惠
惘愕擧 惆惘惠擯慍 悛悽惘 惺悋 惡 惡
惡 惆惘惠惘愕擧 擯惆悋惘 惆惘 擧悋 惠悴  惡 悽惘惆
擧 擧惆  惠惡
惆愕惠悋惡 悋惺 悽愕悋惘惠
愆惆  悋惆悋 惡
愕慍 惡 惠惷
惆惘惠 愆
愕慍 惆惘 惘愕擧
惆 愕 悋慍悋愆
惘愕擧 惆惘惠 愆愃
悋惆
愆悋惘
惡惘擧惘
愕悋慍悋 惘愕擧 惆惘惠(Enterprise risk management)
悋 惘愕擧
(Financial)
惺悋惠 惘愕擧
(Operational)
悋愕惠惘悋惠擧 惘愕擧
(Strategic)
悋 悽悋愀惘 惘愕擧
(Hazard)
惘愕擧 惆惘惠 惘悛惆
≒悋慍 悋 悋惆悋
悽愕悋惘惠
≒悋慍 拆愕 悋惆悋
悽愕悋惘惠
悋惆悋 惠惺
≒惘愕擧 愆悋愕悋
惆惘惠 悋慍 悋
惘愕擧
惘愕擧 愆悋愕悋
≒悋愕悋愕 惡惘 惡惆 惘惠悋
惘悋悋  愆惆惠
惘愕擧 悋惘慍愆悋惡
≒惠擧 悋惠悽悋惡
惆惘悋 惡惘悋 悋愕惡
惡 惠悴 惡悋 惘愕擧
愆惆惠 悋忰惠悋
悋惡惺
惘愕擧 惆惘悋 悋惠悽悋惡
≒擯惆悋愆惠 拆悵惘愆
惘愕擧
≒悽愕悋惘惠 悋悴惠悋惡
≒惡 悋惠悽悋惡
惠惶 愕悋慍 拆悋惆
≒ 惘愕擧 惠愃惘
惘愕擧 愆惆 悋惷悋
悴惆惆 悋
≒悽愀悋悋 惺
悋忰惠悋
≒悋惶悋忰 悋惆悋
惡悋慍擯惘  悋惘慍悋惡
悋 惠擧擧
惘愕擧 愆悋愕悋
悋惘惠惡愀  愕愕惠
惆惘
惘惠 
惠忰
愕惠惆悋惠
悋惡慍悋惘
愆愕
惘愕擧
拆惘愕愆悋
惘愕擧
悋 愕愕惠
悽悋惘
愕惠 擧
悋 惡
愕惠 擧
悽愀惘 惺惘惷
惘悋悋 悋悋 惡惘 惘愕擧 悋惘慍愆悋惡
惶惘 悋惠惘悋
擧
悋惠悋 擯悋
悋惠惆 
惠愕 愀惘 惡
悋惠惆  悋惠悋
惘愕擧 惆惘惠 擧悋惘惡惘惆悋
≒悋惆  慍 惠忰Cost-Benefit Analysis
≒惘悋惷 悋惆Expected Value
悋愀悋惺悋惠 惡 惠悴 惡悋 擯惘 惠惶 愕悋悧 悋悋惺
≒愀惺惠 惠忰惠 擯惘 惠惶Certainty
≒惘愕擧 惠忰惠 擯惘 惠惶Risk
≒愀惺惠 惺惆 惠忰惠 擯惘 惠惶Uncertainty
Pascals Wager
惘愕擧 惠忰惠 擯惘 惠惶
No loss Loss Expected Value
Decision State (I) State (II)
Insure -$1500 * 0.99 -$1500 * 0.01 -$1500
Retain 0 * 0.99 -$100,000 * 0.01 -$1000
悋愀悋 惺惆 惠忰惠 擯惘 惠惶
No Loss Loss Maximum Loss
Decision State (I) State (II)
Insure -$1500 -$1500 -$1500
Retain 0 -$100,000 -$100,000
惠悴盒潮
惘愕擧 悋
.1擧惆 惘愕擧 悽愕悋惘惠 惠忰 惴惘惠 悋慍 惡愆.
.2惴惘惡擯惘惆 惆惘 惘悋 惡 拆愆 愃惘悋惡 悋惘惆.
.3擧惆 惘愕擧 慍悋惆 擧擧 慍 擧 惡惘悋.
惘愕擧 忰 惘悋
Severity
Low High
Frequency
Low
High
Introduction to risk and insurance for everyone
惡 悽惘惆 惠惶
≒惡 悽惘惆 惆惘 惠惆悋 悋愆擧悋悋惠:
1. Buying too little
2. Buying too much
≒惡 悽惘惆 惆惘 惡惘悋 惆悋愆惠 惡 悋慍
≒悋慍 惘惆 悋 惡 悋 拆愆愆  悋 惘愕擧 惡惆 悋惠
悋 惡 拆愆愆 悋悋惺
 Essential Insurance Coverage
 Important Insurance Coverage
 Optional Insurance Coverage
≒愆惆  愀惘忰 擧 愕悋 惷惘惘 悋 拆愆愆 惘惆 惆惘:
≒惆悋惘 悋 惡 拆愆愆 惠 惡惘悋 悋 惠悋 悛悋
≒惡 悋惆惘 拆愆愆 悋 惡惆 悛悋 擧愕惡 悋惆悋愕惠 擧悋惘
惡 悽惘惆 惠惶
≒擧悋 悋 惡 悋 拆愆愆  悽惘惆 惡惘悋 悴惆 惡惆悴 悋擯惘
悋悋愆惆:
≒惘愕擧 悋慍 惡悽愆 悋惠悋
≒悛 悋慍 惡悽愆 擯惆悋惘
悋 惡 拆愆愆 悋悋惺 悋忰惴悋惠
≒惘愕擧 擯惆悋惘 悋 惡 悽惘惆 惠惶 惆惘 悋惆  慍 惠忰
≒擧悋惘悽悋 悋惘慍愆:1000000
≒惡 忰:300000
≒悽愕悋惘惠 慍 惠愕:20000
≒擯悵悋惘 惡 惘愕擧:20000-1000000=980000
≒惆悋惘惆 擯慍 惆 擯悵悋惘 惡:
.1惡 悽惘惆
.2悋愃 擯惆悋惘  惶惆 悋悴悋惆 惘愕擧 擯惆悋惘980000
悋 惡 拆愆愆 悋悋惺 悋忰惴悋惠
≒惘惷:愕惆 惡悋 惆惠 擧惠悋 忰愕悋惡 惆惘 惶惆 拆6%悋愕惠.
≒擧惘惆  擯悵悋惘 愕惘悋 愆惘擧惠 惺悋惠 惆惘 悋擯惘:15%愕惆
惆悋愆惠
≒惘惶惠 慍:((15%-6%)*980,000)=88,200
≒悋惆 慍 惠忰 惡 惠悴 惡悋:
88000悋愕惠 惡 忰 悋慍 惡慍惘擯惠惘!
惡 悽惘惆
≒惡 愆惘擧惠 悋惠悽悋惡 悋 悋惆 悋惠悽悋惡!
≒悋 惠惶
≒惘愕擧 惆惘惠 愆悋惘
≒惡悋悋 惡 惆悋愆
≒惡悋悋  悋愀悋惺悋惠
悋惆 擧悋惘
惡 愆惘擧惠 悋惠悽悋惡
惡 愆惘擧惠 惡惆 惘惠悋 惺悋惘悋
Introduction to risk and insurance for everyone
Area Model Description Type
Occupational Safety and Health
OHSAS 18000
Occupational health and safety management
systems
Standard
BS OHSAS 18001 Requirements Standard
BS OHSAS 18002
generic assistance for establishing,
implementing
Guideline
ISO 17776:  Petroleum and natural gas
industries- Offshore production installations
Guideline on tools and techniques for hazard
identification and risk management
Guideline
ISO 14121-1 Safety of machinery  Standard
OSHA
To assure safe and healthful working conditions
for working
Regulation
Environmental management
ISO 14001 Requirements with guidance for use Standard
ISO 14004
General guidelines on principles, systems and
support techniques
Guideline
ISO 14015
Environmental assessment of sites and
organizations
Guideline
ISO 14020 series (14020 to 14025) Environmental labels and declarations Standard
ISO 14030
discusses post production environmental
assessment
Standard
ISO 14031
Environmental performance evaluation
Guidelines
Guideline
ISO 14040 series (14040 to 14049)
Life Cycle Assessment, LCA, discusses pre-
production planning and environment goal
setting.
Guideline
ISO 14050 Terms and definitions. Standard
ISO 14062
Discusses making improvements to
environmental impact goals.
Guideline
ISO 14063
Environmental communicationGuidelines and
examples
Guideline
ISO 14064
Measuring, quantifying, and reducing
Greenhouse Gas emissions.
Guideline
Information Security
Management Systems
(ISMS)
ISO/IEC 27000 Overview and vocabulary Standard
ISO/IEC 27001 Requirements Standard
ISO/IEC 27002
Code of practice for information
security management
Standard
ISO/IEC 27003 implementation guidance Guideline
ISO/IEC 27004 Measurement Guideline
ISO/IEC 27005 Information security risk management Guideline
ISO/IEC 27006 Requirements for audit Guideline
ISO/IEC 27011 guidelines for telecommunications Guideline
ISO/IEC 27031
Guidelines for information and
communications technology readiness
for business continuity
Guideline
ISO/IEC 27033
Network security overview and
concepts
Guideline
ISO/IEC 27035 Security incident management Guideline
Risk
management
ISO 31000:2009
Principles and
guidelines; All
industries and
sectors
Standard
International
Organization for
Standardization
ISO/IEC 31010:2009
Risk assessment
techniques
Standard
ISO Guide 73:2009 Vocabulary Regulation
BS 31100
Standard All industries
and
sectors
Standard
British Standards
Institution
Enterprise Risk
Management
COSO:2004
Guidance
Guideline
Committee of Sponsoring
Organizations of the
Treadway Commission
OCEG Red Book 2.0:2009
GRC Capability Model
Guideline OPEN COMPLIANCE
AND ETHICS GROUP
CAS Insurance industry guideline Guideline
Casualty Actuarial
Society framework
RIMS Risk Management Society Standard
Risk and Insurance
Management Society
FERMA
A European vision of Risk
Management Standard
Standard
Federation of European
Risk Management
Associations
SOLVENCY II Insurance industry regulations Regulation European Union
Basel II Banking industry regulations Regulation
Global regulatory
standard
Introduction to risk and insurance for everyone
Introduction to risk and insurance for everyone
Introduction to risk and insurance for everyone
Introduction to risk and insurance for everyone

More Related Content

Introduction to risk and insurance for everyone

  • 4. 惡 惆悋愆 惡愃 ≒愀惠 惘忰 惆惘 惡 ≒惆悋惘惆 悴惆 悛 悋惘擧悋 惡惘悋 惷 惷惆 惠惺悋惘:惘愕擧 ≒惆悋惘惆 悴惆 惘愕擧 悋慍 惡惘惆悋愆惠 惆 惡 惶惺惠 惆惘: 奄愆惆 悽惘惆悋惘 惡 悛 惡惘悋惡惘 惆惘 擧 悽愀惘 (愕慍 悛惠愆) 奄惡 拆愆愆 惠忰惠 悋悋 悋 惘惆(悴悋 惘悋惆)
  • 5. 惘愕擧惺惠惺惘 金悛 惆惘 擧 愆惘悋愀悋擧悋 悋惘悋悋忰悋悋悋悋惠悴悋 悋慍 悋愀悋悋(悋惘惘惆悋惠惴悋悋 ) 惆悋惘惆 惆 悴.
  • 6. ≒擧 惶惘 惡 悋忰惠悋 惺 擧(擧 惶惘 悽惆 ) 惆悋惘惆 悴惆(.<=悋愀悋 惺惆) ≒悽悋惶 惘愕擧 惺 悋忰惘悋. ≒惘惆 惆惘擯惘惡惺 惘愕擧: 惆悋惘 悋慍 惘悋惠惘 悋 悽愕悋惘惠 擧 悋 悋忰惠悋 惘惆悋惠惴悋惘(愆惆 悛惘 悴惺 悋 惡 忰) 愆惆.
  • 7. 悋愀悋惺惆(Uncertainty) 錫悛惆 惘惆 惆惘 惆悋愆 惆悋 悋 惠惘惆惆 錫悋愀悋 惺惆 悋慍 惠惺惘 惺 悋 惡悵 惘愕擧擯惠 惘愕擧 惡 惘悋悴惺 惘惆 惡惘惆悋愆惠 惠惶惘 惺 愆惆 錫愆惆 惘惡愀 惘惆 惘擧惘惆 惡 悋愀悋 惺惆. 錫悵 惘愕擧擯悵悋惘惆 悋惓惘 悋惘悋惆 擯惘 惠惶 惡惘.
  • 8. 悋愀悋惺惆惘愕擧惠悋惠 ≒惘愕擧 惺 惘愕擧 ≒悋愀悋 惺惆 悵 惘愕擧 ≒悛 悋惆 忰悋惠 惆惘: 惺 悋 惘愕擧 擯惘 惠惶 悋擧
  • 9. 悋愀悋 惺惆 惡惠惘 悋愀悋惺悋惠 悋愀悋 惺惆 擧悋愆 悵 悋 惘愕擧 悋慍 惡惠惘 惡惘悛惘惆 惡惠惘 擯惘 惠惶
  • 10. ≒惘愕擧 惆惘悴悽愕悋惘惠 惺 悋忰惠悋 惡悋 惠悋愕惡 ≒惡悋 惡惘悋惡惘 悽愕悋惘惠 悋忰惠悋擧:惘惆 惠悴盒潮 惺 忰惠 愆悋愕 悋惠惴悋惘 ≒惡悋 惡惘悋惡惘 悽愕悋惘惠 悋忰惠悋惶惘:惺 惺惆 惘愕擧 悴惆 惺惆 悽愕悋惘惠
  • 12. 惘愕擧 ≒惡悋愆惆 惶惘 悋 擧 悽愕悋惘惠 悋忰惠悋 悋擯惘: 悴惆 悋惠惴悋惘 惘惆 惠悴盒潮 悋慍 愃惘 悋 惠悴盒潮 惺 惡惘悋 愆悋愕 惆悋惘惆 惆悋惘惆 悴惆 惘愕擧 惺 惠惺惆悋惆 惺 悋忰惠悋 惠悋 惆悋惘 悽愀惘 惺惘惷 慍悋惆 惠惺惆悋惆 惠 擧惘惆 惡惘悛惘惆 惘悋 惺
  • 13. 惘愕擧 ≒惆悋惘惆 惡愕惠擯 惺悋 惆 惡 惘愕擧 悋惆悋慍: 錫惘悋悋(悋忰惠悋) 錫愆惆惠 ≒悽愕悋惘惠 悋忰惠悋 愆惆惠 惘悋惡愀 惘悋惷 惡悋: 愆惆惠惘悋悋=悽愕悋惘惠悋惆惘悋惷
  • 14. 悋 惠惺悋惘 Peril(惘悽愀悽愕悋惘惠 惠惺) 愕惘惠 惠擯惘擯 惠惆惡悋惆 愕慍 悛惠愆 Hazard(悽悋愀惘) 惘悋 惘惷 悽愀惘 悽愕悋惘惠 愆悋愕 悋愕惠 擧 擧 愆惘悋愀 悋悴惆惘悋 悛 悋 擧惘惆悋慍悋愆惆惆.
  • 15. 悽悋愀惘悋惠悋悋惺 ≒慍擧 悽愀惘(Physical Hazard:)愆惘悋 惆 惡 悽愕悋惘惠 悋忰惠悋 悋慍悋愆 惓 慍擧 悋悋愕惡:愕悋悽惠悋 擧悋惘惡惘 惆悋惘悋 忰 愕悋慍 惺 ≒悋悽悋 悽愀惘(Moral Hazard:)悋悴悋惆 擯悵悋惘 惡 惠悋悋 惘惠悋惘 惡 惠悋 惡愆惠惘 愃惘悋惠 惆惘悋惠 惡惘悋 悽愕悋惘惠 惆悋惆 悴 惡慍惘擯 悋 惺惆 悽愕悋惘惠 ≒惘忰悋 悽愀惘(Morale Hazard:)惡 忰惡惘 惆惘 愆惆 惡悋惺 擧 悋惆悋 悋惡惆 悋慍悋愆 悽愕悋惘惠.惡 悴惆 惆 惡 惆惠 惡 惠悴 惡 ≒ 悽愀惘(Legal Hazard:)惆 惡 悽愕悋惘惠 惘悋悋 愆惆惠 悋慍悋愆 擯悵悋惘 悋
  • 19. 惘愕擧惡惆愀惡悋悋惺 愃惘 惘愕擧 (Non-Financial Risk) 拆 悋惘慍愆 惡 惠悋惆 悋惡 愃惘 悽愕悋惘惠 惘愕擧 (Financial Risk) 惆悋惘惆 悋 拆悋惆 惘愕擧 悋慍 忰悋惶 悽愕悋惘惠.
  • 20. 惘愕擧惡惆愀惡悋悋惺 悋愕惠 惘愕擧 (Static Risk) 惡惆 惘惠悋惘 悋 愀悋惺 愆惘悋 惆 惡 悽愕悋惘惠 惺 惆擯惘悋 拆 惘愕擧 (Dynamic Risk) 悋惠惶悋惆 愆惘悋 惠愃惘 惆 惡 悽愕悋惘惠 惺
  • 21. 惘愕擧惡惆愀惡悋悋惺 惺 惘愕擧 (Fundamental Risk) 悋惓惘 惘惆 悋慍 慍悋惆 惺惆 惡惘 忰悋惶 悽愕悋惘惠 擯悵悋惘惆. 悽惶 惘愕擧 (Particular Risk) 悋愕惠 悋惓惘擯悵悋惘 悋惘悋惆 悋慍 擧 惺惆 惡惘 惠悋 擧 悽愕悋惘惠.
  • 22. 惠悴 ≒悋愕悋 惠愕 擧惠惘 愃惘悋惡 愆惘悋 惆 惡 惺悋 悋 惘愕擧 悛惆 惡悴惆. ≒惺悋 悋 惘愕擧 悋惘 惡惘悋: 1-悋悴惠悋惺 悋 惡 2-惘愕擧 悋惠悋 悋 惡惘悋 ≒惡悋惘悋 惡 惘愕擧 惡惆 悽悋惶 悋 惺悋 惘惆 惆惘 擯惘 惠惶 擯惘惆惆 惡惘 悴惺.
  • 23. 惘愕擧惡惆愀惡悋悋惺 悽惶 惘愕擧 (Pure Risk) 悽愕悋惘惠 惆惆 悽愕悋惘惠 悋忰惠悋 惆 悛 惆惘 惆悋惘惆 悴惆 惆惆. 惆悋擯惘悋 愕 惘愕擧 (Speculative Risk) 惆惆 悽愕悋惘惠 惆惆 悽愕悋惘惠 悋忰惠悋 愕 悛 惆惘 惆悋惘惆 悴惆 惡惘惆 愕惆 .
  • 24. 悽悋惶悋惘愕擧悋悋惺 奄悋愆悽惶 惘愕擧(Personal Risk) 惡擧悋惘 惺惡 惶 惡悋慍愆愕惠擯 悋慍擧悋惘悋惠悋惆擯 惠 奄悋 悋 惘愕擧(Property Risk) 悋惡惆 悋 惆慍惆 惆 惡 惆悋惘悋 悋惘慍愆 惆悋惆 悋慍惆愕惠 悋 惠 悋惠 惘愕擧. 悋悋 惘愕擧悋愕惠 惺 惆:愃惘愕惠 愕惠 奄惠 愕悧 惘愕擧(Liability Risk) 惆擯惘悋 悋悋 悋 悋惘悋惆 惡 愃惘惺惆 惶惆 悋 悽愀惘 惶惘 悋惓惘 惆惘 奄惆擯惘悋 惘 惶 悋慍 愆 惘愕擧 悋惆 惺 悽惆 惠惺惆 惡 惠悋惆 惡悋愆惆 惺 愆惘悋 慍悋 惆惘 擧悋惘 悋悴悋 惠惺惆 惘惆.
  • 26. 惆 惡 拆悵惘 惡 惘愕擧 擯惘愕擧 愕惠 悽愕惘惠 惆 惡 悋惠惆 惡 悽愕惘惠 惆 惡 惠 悽愕惘惠 惆 惡 悴 惠 惡 悽愕惘惠 惆 惡 惡 拆愆 惡 惠惺惆悋惆慍惆惺惘惷擯 悽愀惘 擯悵悋惘 惡 愆惘悋愀 拆悵惘 惡 惺 悋惶 愕惺惆 悋惠悽 悋悽悋 悽愀惘 悋悴惠惺 悋惠惶惆 愆惘悋愀 悋 惠惠 惆惘擯悵悋惘 忰惆惆惠
  • 27. 惘愕擧 惺惡悋惠 ≒愆惆 惷惘惘 惡悋惺 悋 悽愕悋惘惠 ≒愕惘悋 悵悽惘 惠惺 悋愀悋 惺惆 擧悋 惡惆悋惘 惆悋惘惆 悋擧悋 悋惆 悋愕惠悋惆 惡悋 悋悋愆惆 . ≒悋惠惶悋惆 惘愆惆 悋惺 ≒悋愀悋 惺惆 惡惺惠 悋愕惠惶悋 惺悴慍 悋忰愕悋愕 悋悴悋惆 忰悋惆惓 惺 惡 愕悋惠
  • 28. 惡悋惘悋 悛惠悋惡: 愕惘拆悋 惡 悋忰惠悋悴 悋愕悋悋 悴 忰悋悋惠:悛悋惆擯 忰悋惴惠 惡惘悋悋惘 悋惡惺: 悋愕悋 惘 悛惡 惡悋惆 忰悋 惶惺惠 悋悋惡: 惡悽悋惘-惆擯 悋悴悋惘 惡悽悋惘 ≒惡惘 ≒惆惘 惠惘悋 愕慍 ≒悋 愕惠 悋惘 悋愀悋惺悋惠 惘愕擧 拆惆悋愆 惘惆
  • 29. 惆慍惆 惺 惘悋擯惘 惡 悋惘惠擧悋惡 惡悋 擧惘悋 悋惘慍 悋惆 愆惆 惘悋慍悋 悴悋擯慍. 惘愕擧 愆擯 悋惺 惆惘悋 惆慍惆悋 惆慍惆悋 悋惆 惡惆 惠悋惘悽 愀 惆惘. 悴悋悋惠 惘悽 惡愆惠惘 惆惠惘惠 惆慍惆 惘愕擧 拆惆悋愆 惘惆
  • 31. 惘愕擧 惆惘惠 惆 1-惘悋愕 悋慍 擧惠惘 惆惘 悴惆惆 悋慍 惘愕擧 惆惘惠 2-悋悋惡 悋惆:悽悋惶 惘愕擧 惆惘惠 愕悧 惘惆 惡悋惆 愕悋慍悋 惆惘 惡悋愆惆 3-惆悋愆惠惆 惡 惆惘 愆惘擧惠悋 慍悋 悛 惆惘.惘愕擧 惆惘惠 惘愆 惡悋惡惘悋 擯惘惆惆 惡惘 惡 悽惘惆 惆惘惠 惡. 4-惠愕惺惠惶 惠悧惘惆悋惘惆 悋惆 慍 惠忰 惡惘 惠悋擧惆 擧.
  • 32. 惘愕擧 惆惘惠 惆 5-愕悋1950:愕惘惶 惡 惆惘惠 惺 惺悋惠 惆惘 惠忰 愆惆 悋惷悋 惆惘愕 6-惆惘惠 悋 惆悋愆擧惆 愕惘惶 惡 惠惶 惠悧惘 愆惆 悋惷悋 7-惆愕悋 惠愕 悽愕悋惘惠 悋慍 悴擯惘 擧惠惘 惘擧惘惆悋 惠愕惺 惡悋 惴悋 惶悋惺 惆惘 愕愕惠 8-愕愕惠 悋 惠擧悋
  • 33. 惘愕擧 惆惘惠 惆 惠悋惆 悋愆 悋 悋愕悋 擧 悋惠惆 悋惠悋 慍悋 忰悋惆惓 惴惘 惘惆 擧悋惘 愆惆 悋悴悋 擧惆 悋悋 惘悋 悽惆 惴悋 惡悋愆惆 惆悋愆惠 拆 惆惘 悽愕悋惘惠. 愕愕惠 悋 悋 悽惘悋惡 愆悋愕悋 愕愕惠 悋 惆 悛悋愕惠 悋惓惘悋惠 擧惘惆 擧 悋 忰悵 愆愕 悋惆惓 忰 愕惠!
  • 34. 惘愕擧 惆惘惠 惆 1975: 忰惘 悽惘惆悋惘悋 悋悴惆惘惠 悋悴 惡 悋 惡 惘愕擧 Risk &Insurance Management Society
  • 36. 惘愕擧 惆惘惠 惆 惠惺悋惘 惆惘 愆惠惘擧 愀 惆: 1-惆悋惘惆 愕惘擧悋惘 悽悋惶 惘愕擧 惡悋 惘愕擧 惆惘惠悽惶 惘愕擧 2-愆悋 擧 悋愕惠 惘悛惆悋愕惠 悋 惘愕擧 惆惘惠惘悛惆 惘愕擧 惆惘惠: 拆愆 愀惘 悋慍 悽悋惶 惘愕擧 惡悋 悋惡 惡惘悋 惺 惘擧惘惆 擧惘惆 擧 悋 惘 愕悋慍 拆悋惆 愀惘悋忰 悽愕悋惘惠 惡 愆惆 悋惺 悋 悽愕悋惘惠 悋 悋惓惘悋惠 悋 惘愕擧 惺 悋忰惠悋 惘愕擧 惆惘惠 惆悋惘惆 惺 惘擧惘惆 愕惠 惺 ! 悋愕惠 悋惶 悋 惡惘悋愕愕 惆悋愆 惡惆 惺 惆 惡 拆愆 惘悋 惠悴 擧
  • 37. 惘愕擧 惆惘惠 惆 惘愕擧 惡 惆惘 惘擧惘惆: 1-愃惘慍(惘惆)-悽愀惘 惡惘悋惡惘 惆惘 悋悽惆悛擯悋 悋擧愆 2-惠惘惡惠(惘惆)-惘愕擧 惡悋 悋悴 悋 惘悋擯惘 3-擯惘悋 悋惆-惘悋惘惆悋惆悋 愕 悋慍 惡 悽惘惆 惡惘 悋悴悋悋惘 忰 悋悴惠悋惺
  • 39. 惘愕擧 惆惘惠 惆 惘愕擧 惆惘惠 悋惡慍悋惘: 1-惘愕擧 擧惠惘(悽愕悋惘惠 惘愕擧 擧悋愆 惡惘 惠惘擧慍:) 惘愕擧 悋慍 悋悴惠悋惡-惘愕擧 擧悋愆 2-惘愕擧 悋 惠悋(擧 悋 惘愕擧 惡惘悋 擧悋 悴 惠惆悋惘擧 惡惘 惠惘擧慍 悋惆 惡悋 擧惠惘 悋慍 拆愕:)惘愕擧 擯惆悋惘-惘愕擧 悋惠悋-悋愆惠惘悋擧 惘愕擧
  • 40. 惘愕擧 惆惘惠 惆 惘愕擧 擧惠惘-惘愕擧 悋慍 悋悴惠 忰惴 擧 惡惘悋 忰惠 拆悵惘 惘悋 惘愕擧 惺 悋惆:悽愀惘悋擧 忰惶 惠惆 惺惆 擧惘惡惘惆:悋惡 惡悋愆惆 惆悋愆惠 悴惆 悛慍 悋悴惺 悽愕悋惘惠 悋忰惠悋 悋惘惆擧 悋悋愆惆 悋惠悋 擧悋愆. 惘擧惘惆:悋愕惠 .惘愕擧 拆悵惘愆 擯惘 惆惘 悴悋惺 惘惆 拆愆惘惠 慍惘悋 悋愕惠. 悛悽惘 悋惠悽 悋 慍 忰 惆惘 擯慍 悋愕惠 惘愕擧 惆惘惠.
  • 41. 惘愕擧 惆惘惠 惆 惘愕擧 擧惠惘-惘愕擧 擧愆 惘悋悋 擧愆 惠擧擧(Loss Prevention:)惘悋悋 擧惠惘- 惺 悋惡惘 惆惘 愕擯惘擧愆惆 愆惆惠 擧愆 惠擧擧(Loss Control):擧 悋 惘愕擧 惘惆 惆惘 惡惠惆 悋惠悋 惡悋惆.愆惆惠 擧惠惘-拆惘悋擧惆 悴惆悋愕慍 悋愕拆惘擧惘 惶惡 惆悋惘悋 愕慍
  • 42. 惘愕擧 惆惘惠 惆 惘愕擧 擧惠惘-惘愕擧 擧愆 惆愕 惘擧惘惆: ≒悽愕悋惘惠 惡 悴惘 悽悋愀惘悋惠 忰悵 ≒悋悋 愆惘悋 忰悵 ≒惘惷:悋愆惠悋悋悋惠悋愕惠 悋拆悵惘 悋悴惠悋惡 悋愕悋 悋愕 惘惠惘 惘擧惘惆: ≒悋悋 悋惆悋悋惠 忰悵
  • 43. 惘愕擧 惆惘惠 惆 惘愕擧 擧惠惘-惘愕擧 擧愆 慍: ≒忰惆惓 悋慍 拆愆-悋愆 悋 惘悋惆擯 悛慍愆 ≒忰惆惓 忰-悋 擧惘惡惆 ≒忰惆惓 悋慍 惡惺惆-愕悋慍愆 惆悋惆擯悋 悋慍 惡惘 悋擧 惡惘悋 惆惆擯悋 忰悋惆惓 惡悋 悵悋擧惘 擧惆( .慍 悋)
  • 44. 惘愕擧 惆惘惠 惆 惘愕擧 惠-惘愕擧 擯惆悋惘惘悋擧惘 惠惆悋惠惘 ≒悛擯 ≒悛擯 ≒惆悋愀惡-悋悴惠悋惡 悋 悋惠悋 惡悴悋 擯惆悋惘 惠惶 ≒愃惘惆悋愀惡-悋悋愆惆 惆擯惘 悋惘 惠 擯惆悋惘 惠惶-悋 惘愕擧 拆悵惘 惡 愃惘 Funded-擧惆 擯悵悋惘 惺悋惠 悋 惆悋惘悋 愆惘擧惠 悋 惡惘悋 惡惘悋愕悋愕 擧惆 擯惆悋惘 惆 惡 慍惆擧 悋 惆 悋惡 惆惘 . Unfunded-悋 惠惆悋惘擧 惡惘悋 惡惆
  • 45. 惘愕擧 惆惘惠 惆 惘愕擧 惠-惘愕擧 悋惠 1-Insurance buying 2-Hedging-悋 悽惘惆 愀惘 悋慍 惆悋惘悋 惠 惠愃惘 惘愕擧 拆愆愆 惡悋愆惆 悽悋 悴惠 惆惘 悛 惠 惠愃惘悋惠 擧 惆擯惘 惆悋惘悋 惘悽惠. 3-Contractual arrangement-惆擯惘 愀惘 悽愕悋惘惠 悋擧悋 愀惘 拆悵惘惆 惘悋.
  • 46. 惘愕擧 惆惘惠 惆 惘愕擧 惠-惘愕擧 悋愆惠惘悋擧 悋慍 惠惘擧悋惘愕擧 擯惆悋惘惘愕擧 悋惠悋悋愕惠.
  • 47. 悋 惆拆悋惘惠悋 悴惺 慍惘 悋 惆拆悋惘惠悋 悴惺 慍惘
  • 48. 惡惆 惠愕 擧惘 惶惺惠 惠惆 愕悋悽惠 惘愆 悽惘惆 愕惘悋 悴惘悋 惆惘惠 悋 惠悖 悋 悋愀悋惺悋惠 惠忰 惓惡惠 惆惘惠 愕悋慍悋惆 (Organizing) 惘慍 惡惘悋 (Planning) 惘悋惆 (Command) 悋擯 (Coordination ) 擧惠惘(Control) 愕悋慍悋 悋惘悋惆 悋悋 悋慍 忰悋惴惠
  • 51. 惠 愕悧 忰惴惆悋惘悋+愕惆 擧惘惆 忰惆悋擧惓惘惆悋惘悋 忰悋惴惠 忰惆惆 悋悋惺 惘愕擧(pure/ speculative risks) pure risk 惘愕擧 惆惘惠 擧惘 擧惆 惠慍 擯 惺 惆惘惠惘愕擧 惆惘惠
  • 52. 惡 惆惘惠 惺 惆惘惠 惘愕擧 惆惘惠 惡 惆惘惠
  • 53. 惡 惆惘惠 惘愕擧 惆惘惠 愕 惆惘 惠悋惠 惘愕擧 惆惘惠擯慍 悛悽惘 惺悋 惡 惡 惡 惆惘惠惘愕擧 擯惆悋惘 惆惘 擧悋 惠悴 惡 悽惘惆
  • 54. 擧 擧惆 惠惡 惆愕惠悋惡 悋惺 悽愕悋惘惠 愆惆 悋惆悋 惡 愕慍 惡 惠惷 惆惘惠 愆 愕慍 惆惘 惘愕擧 惆 愕 悋慍悋愆
  • 56. 愕悋慍悋 惘愕擧 惆惘惠(Enterprise risk management) 悋 惘愕擧 (Financial) 惺悋惠 惘愕擧 (Operational) 悋愕惠惘悋惠擧 惘愕擧 (Strategic) 悋 悽悋愀惘 惘愕擧 (Hazard)
  • 57. 惘愕擧 惆惘惠 惘悛惆 ≒悋慍 悋 悋惆悋 悽愕悋惘惠 ≒悋慍 拆愕 悋惆悋 悽愕悋惘惠 悋惆悋 惠惺 ≒惘愕擧 愆悋愕悋 惆惘惠 悋慍 悋 惘愕擧 惘愕擧 愆悋愕悋 ≒悋愕悋愕 惡惘 惡惆 惘惠悋 惘悋悋 愆惆惠 惘愕擧 悋惘慍愆悋惡 ≒惠擧 悋惠悽悋惡 惆惘悋 惡惘悋 悋愕惡 惡 惠悴 惡悋 惘愕擧 愆惆惠 悋忰惠悋 悋惡惺 惘愕擧 惆惘悋 悋惠悽悋惡 ≒擯惆悋愆惠 拆悵惘愆 惘愕擧 ≒悽愕悋惘惠 悋悴惠悋惡 ≒惡 悋惠悽悋惡 惠惶 愕悋慍 拆悋惆 ≒ 惘愕擧 惠愃惘 惘愕擧 愆惆 悋惷悋 悴惆惆 悋 ≒悽愀悋悋 惺 悋忰惠悋 ≒悋惶悋忰 悋惆悋 惡悋慍擯惘 悋惘慍悋惡
  • 58. 悋 惠擧擧 惘愕擧 愆悋愕悋 悋惘惠惡愀 愕愕惠 惆惘 惘惠 惠忰 愕惠惆悋惠
  • 60. 惘悋悋 悋悋 惡惘 惘愕擧 悋惘慍愆悋惡 惶惘 悋惠惘悋 擧 悋惠悋 擯悋 悋惠惆 惠愕 愀惘 惡 悋惠惆 悋惠悋
  • 62. ≒悋惆 慍 惠忰Cost-Benefit Analysis ≒惘悋惷 悋惆Expected Value
  • 63. 悋愀悋惺悋惠 惡 惠悴 惡悋 擯惘 惠惶 愕悋悧 悋悋惺 ≒愀惺惠 惠忰惠 擯惘 惠惶Certainty ≒惘愕擧 惠忰惠 擯惘 惠惶Risk ≒愀惺惠 惺惆 惠忰惠 擯惘 惠惶Uncertainty
  • 65. 惘愕擧 惠忰惠 擯惘 惠惶 No loss Loss Expected Value Decision State (I) State (II) Insure -$1500 * 0.99 -$1500 * 0.01 -$1500 Retain 0 * 0.99 -$100,000 * 0.01 -$1000
  • 66. 悋愀悋 惺惆 惠忰惠 擯惘 惠惶 No Loss Loss Maximum Loss Decision State (I) State (II) Insure -$1500 -$1500 -$1500 Retain 0 -$100,000 -$100,000
  • 68. 惘愕擧 悋 .1擧惆 惘愕擧 悽愕悋惘惠 惠忰 惴惘惠 悋慍 惡愆. .2惴惘惡擯惘惆 惆惘 惘悋 惡 拆愆 愃惘悋惡 悋惘惆. .3擧惆 惘愕擧 慍悋惆 擧擧 慍 擧 惡惘悋.
  • 69. 惘愕擧 忰 惘悋 Severity Low High Frequency Low High
  • 71. 惡 悽惘惆 惠惶 ≒惡 悽惘惆 惆惘 惠惆悋 悋愆擧悋悋惠: 1. Buying too little 2. Buying too much ≒惡 悽惘惆 惆惘 惡惘悋 惆悋愆惠 惡 悋慍 ≒悋慍 惘惆 悋 惡 悋 拆愆愆 悋 惘愕擧 惡惆 悋惠
  • 72. 悋 惡 拆愆愆 悋悋惺 Essential Insurance Coverage Important Insurance Coverage Optional Insurance Coverage ≒愆惆 愀惘忰 擧 愕悋 惷惘惘 悋 拆愆愆 惘惆 惆惘: ≒惆悋惘 悋 惡 拆愆愆 惠 惡惘悋 悋 惠悋 悛悋 ≒惡 悋惆惘 拆愆愆 悋 惡惆 悛悋 擧愕惡 悋惆悋愕惠 擧悋惘
  • 73. 惡 悽惘惆 惠惶 ≒擧悋 悋 惡 悋 拆愆愆 悽惘惆 惡惘悋 悴惆 惡惆悴 悋擯惘 悋悋愆惆: ≒惘愕擧 悋慍 惡悽愆 悋惠悋 ≒悛 悋慍 惡悽愆 擯惆悋惘
  • 74. 悋 惡 拆愆愆 悋悋惺 悋忰惴悋惠 ≒惘愕擧 擯惆悋惘 悋 惡 悽惘惆 惠惶 惆惘 悋惆 慍 惠忰 ≒擧悋惘悽悋 悋惘慍愆:1000000 ≒惡 忰:300000 ≒悽愕悋惘惠 慍 惠愕:20000 ≒擯悵悋惘 惡 惘愕擧:20000-1000000=980000 ≒惆悋惘惆 擯慍 惆 擯悵悋惘 惡: .1惡 悽惘惆 .2悋愃 擯惆悋惘 惶惆 悋悴悋惆 惘愕擧 擯惆悋惘980000
  • 75. 悋 惡 拆愆愆 悋悋惺 悋忰惴悋惠 ≒惘惷:愕惆 惡悋 惆惠 擧惠悋 忰愕悋惡 惆惘 惶惆 拆6%悋愕惠. ≒擧惘惆 擯悵悋惘 愕惘悋 愆惘擧惠 惺悋惠 惆惘 悋擯惘:15%愕惆 惆悋愆惠 ≒惘惶惠 慍:((15%-6%)*980,000)=88,200 ≒悋惆 慍 惠忰 惡 惠悴 惡悋: 88000悋愕惠 惡 忰 悋慍 惡慍惘擯惠惘!
  • 76. 惡 悽惘惆 ≒惡 愆惘擧惠 悋惠悽悋惡 悋 悋惆 悋惠悽悋惡! ≒悋 惠惶 ≒惘愕擧 惆惘惠 愆悋惘 ≒惡悋悋 惡 惆悋愆 ≒惡悋悋 悋愀悋惺悋惠
  • 79. 惡 愆惘擧惠 惡惆 惘惠悋 惺悋惘悋
  • 81. Area Model Description Type Occupational Safety and Health OHSAS 18000 Occupational health and safety management systems Standard BS OHSAS 18001 Requirements Standard BS OHSAS 18002 generic assistance for establishing, implementing Guideline ISO 17776: Petroleum and natural gas industries- Offshore production installations Guideline on tools and techniques for hazard identification and risk management Guideline ISO 14121-1 Safety of machinery Standard OSHA To assure safe and healthful working conditions for working Regulation Environmental management ISO 14001 Requirements with guidance for use Standard ISO 14004 General guidelines on principles, systems and support techniques Guideline ISO 14015 Environmental assessment of sites and organizations Guideline ISO 14020 series (14020 to 14025) Environmental labels and declarations Standard ISO 14030 discusses post production environmental assessment Standard ISO 14031 Environmental performance evaluation Guidelines Guideline ISO 14040 series (14040 to 14049) Life Cycle Assessment, LCA, discusses pre- production planning and environment goal setting. Guideline ISO 14050 Terms and definitions. Standard ISO 14062 Discusses making improvements to environmental impact goals. Guideline ISO 14063 Environmental communicationGuidelines and examples Guideline ISO 14064 Measuring, quantifying, and reducing Greenhouse Gas emissions. Guideline
  • 82. Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) ISO/IEC 27000 Overview and vocabulary Standard ISO/IEC 27001 Requirements Standard ISO/IEC 27002 Code of practice for information security management Standard ISO/IEC 27003 implementation guidance Guideline ISO/IEC 27004 Measurement Guideline ISO/IEC 27005 Information security risk management Guideline ISO/IEC 27006 Requirements for audit Guideline ISO/IEC 27011 guidelines for telecommunications Guideline ISO/IEC 27031 Guidelines for information and communications technology readiness for business continuity Guideline ISO/IEC 27033 Network security overview and concepts Guideline ISO/IEC 27035 Security incident management Guideline
  • 83. Risk management ISO 31000:2009 Principles and guidelines; All industries and sectors Standard International Organization for Standardization ISO/IEC 31010:2009 Risk assessment techniques Standard ISO Guide 73:2009 Vocabulary Regulation BS 31100 Standard All industries and sectors Standard British Standards Institution
  • 84. Enterprise Risk Management COSO:2004 Guidance Guideline Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission OCEG Red Book 2.0:2009 GRC Capability Model Guideline OPEN COMPLIANCE AND ETHICS GROUP CAS Insurance industry guideline Guideline Casualty Actuarial Society framework RIMS Risk Management Society Standard Risk and Insurance Management Society FERMA A European vision of Risk Management Standard Standard Federation of European Risk Management Associations SOLVENCY II Insurance industry regulations Regulation European Union Basel II Banking industry regulations Regulation Global regulatory standard