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Introduction to Research
Methodology
Lecture I

Meaning of Research
Systematic investigation towards increasing the
sum of knowledge”
(Chambers 20th Century Dictionary)
 It refers to a systematic method consisting of
enunciating the problem, formulating a
hypothesis, collecting the facts ,analyzing the
facts and reaching certain conclusions.
 Research is an original contribution to the
existing stock of knowledge making for its
advancement.

Objectives of research
 To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or
to achieve insights into it.(exploratory or
formulative research studies).
 To portray the characteristics of a
particular individual, situation or a
group.(Descriptive research study).
 Frq with some thing occur and association
with some thing else (Diagnostic research
study.)
 Hypothesis –testing research studies

Continued…
 To determine the frequency with which
something occurs or its association with
something else.
 To test a hypothesis of a casual
relationship between variables.

Motivation in research
 Motivation for Research :
Desire to face challenge of solving the unsolved.
Desire to get intellectual joy
Desire to be of service to society
Desire to get respectability
Desire to get a research degree
 Motivation for Research Methodology:
Qualitatively control research process
Validate research results
Compare research approaches

Types of research
 Descriptive Vs Analytical(Freq of shooping, pref op people Vs use fact
already available)
 Applied Vs Fundamental( Immediate problem facing Society, VS generlization
with formulation of theory)
 Quantitative Vs Qualitative(Amount VS Quality or kind)
 Conceptual Vs Empirical(Abstract idea VS Experience or Obsevation))
 Other types(type purpose or environment)

Orientations for research
Quantitative
Research
Experimental
Inferential Simulation
Qualitative

Research Vs Common Sense
 Research is purely an academic activity Vs
Inability of managers in the utilization of
research findings.
 Decisions and problem solving in the scientific
way gives better result.
 Commonsense is influenced by society and
culture and give non-conscious ideologies vs.
Researches corrects misbelieves, generate new
concepts and broaden perspectives.

Wheel of Research
Improvement
in
theory and problem solving
Observation
and literature
review
Problem
Clarification
Concepts,
constructs
and models
Assumption
And
hypothesis
Research
Design
Data
Collection
Data
Analysis
Interpretations
and
conclusions

Research Methods Vs Methodology
 Research Methods :All the methods and techniques
which are used by the researcher during the course of
studying his/her research problem.
Research Methods
Methods
for
Collection of Data
Statistical techniques
used for
establishing relations
Methods
for Evaluation
of Results obtained

Research Methods Vs Methodology
Research Methodology: is a way of
systematically solve the research problem.
 It may be stated as a science of studying how
research is done scientifically.
 It involves not only the techniques and methods
of research but also the logic behind it.
 It helps in designing the research

Ethics and Morals In Research
 Ethics ,morals and values have a deep
influence research.
 Ethical issues in researcher and
respondent relationship
 Moral responsibility of the researcher deals
with social guidelines and constraints upon
the techniques and measurement.

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