Introduction to wet processing of fabric
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Wet processing is the process used to convert grey fabric into finished fabric. It involves several key steps: pre-treatment processes like singeing, desizing, scouring, and bleaching are used to clean and prepare the fabric. Then dyeing or printing is used to impart color. Finally, finishing processes are applied to provide specific characteristics. The wet processing of cotton fabric typically involves singeing to remove fuzz, desizing to remove size, scouring to remove natural and added impurities, bleaching to remove natural color, and optional mercerization to improve luster before dyeing and finishing.
Introduction to wet processing of fabric
- 1. Introduction to Wet Processing OF COTTON FABRIC By: Deepati Singh
- 3. FABRIC Fabric is made either by interlacement of at least 2 sets of yarns(eg. Woven Fabric) or inter-looping of at least single set of yarn(eg. Knitted fabric) or Directly by binding fibres together by suitable methods(eg. Non-Woven Fabric) The raw fabric that is made by the processes mentioned above is known as Greige Fabric or Grey Fabric
- 4. GREY FABRIC Grey Fabric: The term does not indicate the color of the fabric but the finish. This fabric might have stains, discoloration and other undesirable characteristics It is treated with various chemicals under pre determined conditions to improve its functionality as well as aesthetics The types of processes carried out depends mainly on the type of fabric (raw material used- Natural/Synthetic)
- 5. WET PROCESSING The processes that are carried out to convert grey fabric to finished fabric is known as Wet Processing because these are generally carried out in aqueous medium These are mainly characterized as pre- treatment processes, coloring process and finishing processes Pre-treatments carried out for cotton fabric are different than the fabrics made of synthetic fibres
- 6. CHEMICAL TREATMENT- OVERVIEW Impurities are present Raw Material Remove impurities and prepare the fabric for further processes Pre Treatment Imparts Colors by Dyeing/Printing Coloration Imparts specific characteristics Finishing
- 7. SINGEING DESIZING SCOURING BLEACHING MERCERIZATION DYEING PRINTING FINISHING GREY FABRIC FINISHED FABRIC WET PROCESSING FLOW CHART -COTTON
- 8. SINGEING Singeing is the first step of pretreatment Singe means to burn something superficially or lightly It is the process of removal of protruding fibres, yarn ends or fuzz from the surface of the fabric This process can also be applied to yarns End result of singeing is an even surface, free from fuzz
- 9. DESIZING Size(mainly starch and wax) is applied on the warp yarns to make it strong enough to withstand the tensions of loom Desizing is the process of removal of added (eg. starch) as well as other natural impurities from the fabric It improves the absorbency and lustre of the fabric and prepares the fabric for further processes
- 10. SCOURING Scouring is a purifying treatment and make the fabric hydrophilic It is also known as kiering or kier boiling It is the process by which natural (oil, wax, gum, fat etc) as well as added (during fabrication process) impurities are removed completely as possible. It makes the textile materials highly absorptive without undergoing chemical or physical damage significantly.
- 11. BLEACHING The objective of bleaching is to remove the natural color for the following steps such as dyeing or printing or to achieve full white. It is usually carried out by means of chemicals selected according to the chemical composition of the fibre. The process of bleaching gives the sparkling whiteness to the fabric and make it suitable for further processing.
- 12. MERCERIZATION Mercerization is one of the most important process carried out for cotton and other cellulosic fibres The fabric is treated with concentrated solution of sodium hydroxide which results in swelling and make the cross-sectional area round, hence improving the lustre and absorbency It results in improvement of lustre, strength and hand of the fabric
- 13. DYEING Dyeing is the process of imparting color to textile material It can be carried out at any stage (Fibre/Yarn/ Fabric/End product) Dyes are selected on the basis of the raw material of textile products Different fibres have different affinity towards specific dyes Dye fastness is an important parameter for selecting a specific dye
- 14. PRINTING Textile printing is the process of applying color to fabric in definite patterns or designs Printing is mainly done on the face of the fabric In printing, wooden blocks, stencils, engraved plates, rollers, or silkscreens can be used to place colours on the fabric.
- 15. FINISHING Finishing is any process performed after dyeing the yarn or fabric to improve the look, performance, or hand (feel) of the finish textile or clothing It can be done by using chemicals or by mechanical means It adds specific aesthetic and technical qualities to each fabric
- 16. YARN FABRIC DYEING FINISHING FIBRE SIZED YARN PRE-TREATMENT PRINTING GARMENT SUMMARY