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Introlit analysis-1217252303491728-9

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201114377
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The document provides guidance on how to analyze works of literature by examining key elements like plot, characters, setting, point of view, themes and rhetorical devices. It advises the reader to carefully read the work multiple times, ask questions, annotate, and identify patterns to determine both the literal and figurative meaning. The analysis should then explain what the work means and how the author conveys that meaning through the use of various literary elements and techniques.

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Literary Analysis Mack Gipson, Jr. Tutorial and Enrichment Center Gayla S. Keesee Education Specialist
Literature focuses on the search for reasons, values, and interpretations in all areas of human interest and experience. Because literature presents us with more than one possible meaning, interpreting literature requires more care and attention than does responding to an essay.
How to proceed Read slowly and carefully. Plan on reading the work several times. Ask questions to establish the literal meaning first; then work on interpretation. Annotate as you read. Identify themes and patterns.
An analysis explains what a work of literature means, and how it means it.
Critical Thinking and Reading Responding to literature with a critical temperament means always being willing to analyze, interpret, question, synthesize, and evaluate.
Critical Thinking and Reading ANALYZE What does the passage mean, literally? INTERPRET: What does it mean figuratively? Are there symbolic overtones? Can it mean more than one thing? What passages in the text lead you to believe this is a valid interpretation?
Critical Thinking and Reading QUESTION: What problems are suggested by the reading? What's confusing? If you had the author here, what would you ask? What philosophical question(s) does the reading inspire?
Critical Thinking and Reading SYNTHESIZE: How does this reading compare or contrast what youve read previously? How does it fit into your scheme, either thematically or formally?
Critical Thinking and Reading EVALUATE: Is it a first rate piece of writing or fifth rate piece of writing? What criteria do you use to establish this judgment? If you are evaluating a poem, for instance, what defines a first rate poem? How does this particular poem match up to that standard? Can you point to the exact places in the text to support your reading?
What is Literary Analysis? Its literary Its an analysis Its An Argument! Uses evidence from the text May also involve research on and analysis of secondary sources
How is it literary? Usually, a literary analysis will involve a discussion of a text as writing, thus the term literary, which means having to do with letters This will involve the use of certain concepts that are very specifically associated with literature
How to Analyze a Story Essential Elements of the Story Structure of the Story Rhetorical Elements Meaning of the Story
How to Analyze a Story Essential Elements of the Story Plot: Relationship and patterns of events Characters: people the author creates Including the narrator of a story or the speaker of a poem Setting: when and where the action happens Point of View: perspective or attitude of the narrator or speaker Theme: main ideawhat the work adds up to
Plot Exposition: Introductory material giving setting, tone, characters Rising Action: series of complications leading up to the climax Conflict: Person vsPerson, Nature, Society, Supernatural, Self Crisis/Climax: Turning point in the conflict moment of highest interest and/or emotion Falling Action: Events after the climax which close the story. Resolution (Denouement): Concludes the action
Plot Sequence Crisis/Climax Rising Falling Action Action Complications leading to Conflict(s) Resolution Introduction
Characterization Round Protagonist Three-dimensional personality Main character Flat Antagonist Only one or two striking Character or force qualitiesall bad or all good that opposes the main character Dynamic Grows and progress to a Foil higher level of understanding Character that provides a contrast to Static the protagonist Remain unchanged throughout the story
Point of View First Person Narrator is a character within the storyreveals own thoughts and feelings but not those of others Third Person Objective: narrator outside the story acts as a reporter cannot tell what characters are thinking Limited: narrator outside the story but can see into the mind of one of the characters Omniscient: narrator is all-knowing outsider who can enter the mind of more than one character.
Setting Time period Instrumental in Geographical location establishing mood Historical and cultural May symbolizes the context emotional state of Social characters Political Impact on Spiritual characters motivations and options
Theme Main idea or underlying meaning of the literary work. What the author wants the reader to understand about the subject In fables, this may also be the moral of the story
Common Themes in Literature Questions, issues or Conflicts: problems: what is freedom vs. restraint, right or wrong; good poverty vs. wealth or bad; worthwhile or unimportant Common topics: self-realization, Abstract ideas: love, mortality, fall from death, honor innocence, search for the meaning of life.
How to Analyze a Story Structure of the Story: design or form of the completed action May philosophically mirror the authors intentions How the author uses the elements of the story to reveal his/her theme Look for repeated elements in action, gestures, dialogue, description as well as shifts in direction, focus, time, place, etc.
How to Analyze a Story Rhetorical Elements: Identify the authors use and explain their importance Foreshadowing Use of hints or clues to suggest event that will occur later in the story Builds suspensemeans of making the narrative more believable Tone Authors attitudestated or impliedtoward the subject Revealed through word choice and details
Rhetorical Elements Mood Climate of feeling in a literary work Choice of setting, objects, details, images, words Symbolism Person, place, object which stand for larger and more abstract ideas American flag = freedom Dove = peace
Rhetorical Elements Irony: contrast between what is expected or what appears to be and what actually is Verbal Ironycontrast between what is said and what is actually meant Irony of Situationan event that is the opposite of what is expected or intended Dramatic IronyAudience or reader knows more than the characters know
Rhetorical Elements Figurative Language: language that goes beyond the literal meaning of words Simile Metaphor Personification Oxymoron Hyperbole
How to Analyze a Story Meaning of the Story (Interpretation) Identify the theme(s) and how the author announces it. Explain how the story elements contribute to the theme. Identify contextual elements (allusions, symbols, other devices) that point beyond the story to the authors life/experience, history or to other writings.
How do I support a thesis statement? Examples from the text Direct quotations Summaries of scenes/action Paraphrases Other critics opinions Historical and social context
Supporting Your Thesis The Text (Primary Source) As you write, consistently refer to the text to support your purpose. Use the authors own wordsquotes. No right or wrong interpretation as long as you can support it from the text. Secondary Sources Literary Criticism

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Introlit analysis-1217252303491728-9

  • 1. Literary Analysis Mack Gipson, Jr. Tutorial and Enrichment Center Gayla S. Keesee Education Specialist
  • 2. Literature focuses on the search for reasons, values, and interpretations in all areas of human interest and experience. Because literature presents us with more than one possible meaning, interpreting literature requires more care and attention than does responding to an essay.
  • 3. How to proceed Read slowly and carefully. Plan on reading the work several times. Ask questions to establish the literal meaning first; then work on interpretation. Annotate as you read. Identify themes and patterns.
  • 4. An analysis explains what a work of literature means, and how it means it.
  • 5. Critical Thinking and Reading Responding to literature with a critical temperament means always being willing to analyze, interpret, question, synthesize, and evaluate.
  • 6. Critical Thinking and Reading ANALYZE What does the passage mean, literally? INTERPRET: What does it mean figuratively? Are there symbolic overtones? Can it mean more than one thing? What passages in the text lead you to believe this is a valid interpretation?
  • 7. Critical Thinking and Reading QUESTION: What problems are suggested by the reading? What's confusing? If you had the author here, what would you ask? What philosophical question(s) does the reading inspire?
  • 8. Critical Thinking and Reading SYNTHESIZE: How does this reading compare or contrast what youve read previously? How does it fit into your scheme, either thematically or formally?
  • 9. Critical Thinking and Reading EVALUATE: Is it a first rate piece of writing or fifth rate piece of writing? What criteria do you use to establish this judgment? If you are evaluating a poem, for instance, what defines a first rate poem? How does this particular poem match up to that standard? Can you point to the exact places in the text to support your reading?
  • 10. What is Literary Analysis? Its literary Its an analysis Its An Argument! Uses evidence from the text May also involve research on and analysis of secondary sources
  • 11. How is it literary? Usually, a literary analysis will involve a discussion of a text as writing, thus the term literary, which means having to do with letters This will involve the use of certain concepts that are very specifically associated with literature
  • 12. How to Analyze a Story Essential Elements of the Story Structure of the Story Rhetorical Elements Meaning of the Story
  • 13. How to Analyze a Story Essential Elements of the Story Plot: Relationship and patterns of events Characters: people the author creates Including the narrator of a story or the speaker of a poem Setting: when and where the action happens Point of View: perspective or attitude of the narrator or speaker Theme: main ideawhat the work adds up to
  • 14. Plot Exposition: Introductory material giving setting, tone, characters Rising Action: series of complications leading up to the climax Conflict: Person vsPerson, Nature, Society, Supernatural, Self Crisis/Climax: Turning point in the conflict moment of highest interest and/or emotion Falling Action: Events after the climax which close the story. Resolution (Denouement): Concludes the action
  • 15. Plot Sequence Crisis/Climax Rising Falling Action Action Complications leading to Conflict(s) Resolution Introduction
  • 16. Characterization Round Protagonist Three-dimensional personality Main character Flat Antagonist Only one or two striking Character or force qualitiesall bad or all good that opposes the main character Dynamic Grows and progress to a Foil higher level of understanding Character that provides a contrast to Static the protagonist Remain unchanged throughout the story
  • 17. Point of View First Person Narrator is a character within the storyreveals own thoughts and feelings but not those of others Third Person Objective: narrator outside the story acts as a reporter cannot tell what characters are thinking Limited: narrator outside the story but can see into the mind of one of the characters Omniscient: narrator is all-knowing outsider who can enter the mind of more than one character.
  • 18. Setting Time period Instrumental in Geographical location establishing mood Historical and cultural May symbolizes the context emotional state of Social characters Political Impact on Spiritual characters motivations and options
  • 19. Theme Main idea or underlying meaning of the literary work. What the author wants the reader to understand about the subject In fables, this may also be the moral of the story
  • 20. Common Themes in Literature Questions, issues or Conflicts: problems: what is freedom vs. restraint, right or wrong; good poverty vs. wealth or bad; worthwhile or unimportant Common topics: self-realization, Abstract ideas: love, mortality, fall from death, honor innocence, search for the meaning of life.
  • 21. How to Analyze a Story Structure of the Story: design or form of the completed action May philosophically mirror the authors intentions How the author uses the elements of the story to reveal his/her theme Look for repeated elements in action, gestures, dialogue, description as well as shifts in direction, focus, time, place, etc.
  • 22. How to Analyze a Story Rhetorical Elements: Identify the authors use and explain their importance Foreshadowing Use of hints or clues to suggest event that will occur later in the story Builds suspensemeans of making the narrative more believable Tone Authors attitudestated or impliedtoward the subject Revealed through word choice and details
  • 23. Rhetorical Elements Mood Climate of feeling in a literary work Choice of setting, objects, details, images, words Symbolism Person, place, object which stand for larger and more abstract ideas American flag = freedom Dove = peace
  • 24. Rhetorical Elements Irony: contrast between what is expected or what appears to be and what actually is Verbal Ironycontrast between what is said and what is actually meant Irony of Situationan event that is the opposite of what is expected or intended Dramatic IronyAudience or reader knows more than the characters know
  • 25. Rhetorical Elements Figurative Language: language that goes beyond the literal meaning of words Simile Metaphor Personification Oxymoron Hyperbole
  • 26. How to Analyze a Story Meaning of the Story (Interpretation) Identify the theme(s) and how the author announces it. Explain how the story elements contribute to the theme. Identify contextual elements (allusions, symbols, other devices) that point beyond the story to the authors life/experience, history or to other writings.
  • 27. How do I support a thesis statement? Examples from the text Direct quotations Summaries of scenes/action Paraphrases Other critics opinions Historical and social context
  • 28. Supporting Your Thesis The Text (Primary Source) As you write, consistently refer to the text to support your purpose. Use the authors own wordsquotes. No right or wrong interpretation as long as you can support it from the text. Secondary Sources Literary Criticism