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Inventory Management
Course : Operation Management
Introduction
 the process of overseeing a company's
inventory, which includes ordering,
storing, using, and selling raw materials,
components, and finished products. The
goal of inventory management is to
ensure the right products are available at
the right time to meet demand, prevent
stockouts, and reduce costs.
 it's a key asset for a business. Inventory
management is a vital process that
involves overseeing the flow of goods
from production to consumption.
Requirements
for Effective
Inventory
Management
 Demand forecasting: Using historical data, market trends,
and other factors to predict future demand for products and
materials. This helps determine the right inventory levels to
meet customer needs.
 Inventory tracking: Using inventory management software to
track and record every product movement within the supply
chain. This helps monitor stock levels, identify discrepancies,
and ensure timely replenishment.
 Accurate sales records: For manufacturers, accurate sales
records are needed to plan inventory needs and inform
materials suppliers.
 Inventory classification system: A system to classify
inventory.
 Optimized purchase order model: An optimized model for
purchase orders.
 Knowledge of lead times: Understanding lead times.
 Holding, ordering, and shortage cost estimate: Estimates of
holding, ordering, and shortage costs.
How Much
to Order:
EOQ & EPQ
Models
 The Economic Order
Quantity (EOQ) model is a
calculation that helps
businesses determine how
much inventory to order to
minimize costs and avoid
overstocking.
 Economic Production
Quantity (EPQ) is a
mathematical model that
helps companies
determine the optimal
quantity to produce or
order to minimize
inventory costs
Fixed Order-Interval Model
 The fixed order-interval (FOI) model is an inventory management
system that involves placing orders at a fixed interval of time. In this
model, the amount to order is determined by the maximum stock
level, or S, and the constant interval for reordering, or T.
 The FOI model is suitable for retail operations that can group orders
for items from the same supplier, such as drugstores and small
grocery stores. The advantages of the FOI model include:
 Inventory control: The FOI model provides considerable control
over inventory.
 Shipping costs: Grouping orders for items from the same supplier
can produce savings in shipping costs.
 Packaging and ordering costs: The FOI model can lead to possible
savings in packaging and ordering costs
The Single-Period
Model
 The single-period model, also known as
the newsboy problem, is a system for
determining how much of a product to
order when it has a limited shelf life or a
single selling season. The goal is to
maximize profit while minimizing the risk
of overstocking or understocking.
 The single-period model is used for
products like: Newspapers, Flowers,
Seasonal clothing, Christmas trees,
Bakery goods, and Magazines.
Operations
Strategy
Record Keeping:
Accurate and up-to-date inventory records are crucial for informed
decisions. Regularly review and update estimates of holding, ordering,
setup costs, demand, and lead times.
Variation Reduction:
Reducing lead time variability and forecast errors can significantly
improve inventory management and lower costs.
Lean Operation:
 Demand-driven systems align production with actual demand.
 Smaller lot sizes lower holding costs, simplify processes, and reduce
ordering/setup costs, resembling a "just-in-time" approach.
 Benefits include reduced average inventory, lower carrying costs, fewer
workflow disruptions, decreased space needs, and better problem
detection.
Supply Chain Management:
 Collaboration with suppliers to coordinate shipments, reduce lead
times, and manage supply chain inventories can minimize stockouts
and carrying costs.
 Strategies like blanket orders, vendor-managed inventories, and cross-
docking reduce transaction and storage costs.
ThankYou
Khuzaima Mohsin 1314-2023
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Inventory management a detailed presentation

  • 1. Inventory Management Course : Operation Management
  • 2. Introduction the process of overseeing a company's inventory, which includes ordering, storing, using, and selling raw materials, components, and finished products. The goal of inventory management is to ensure the right products are available at the right time to meet demand, prevent stockouts, and reduce costs. it's a key asset for a business. Inventory management is a vital process that involves overseeing the flow of goods from production to consumption.
  • 3. Requirements for Effective Inventory Management Demand forecasting: Using historical data, market trends, and other factors to predict future demand for products and materials. This helps determine the right inventory levels to meet customer needs. Inventory tracking: Using inventory management software to track and record every product movement within the supply chain. This helps monitor stock levels, identify discrepancies, and ensure timely replenishment. Accurate sales records: For manufacturers, accurate sales records are needed to plan inventory needs and inform materials suppliers. Inventory classification system: A system to classify inventory. Optimized purchase order model: An optimized model for purchase orders. Knowledge of lead times: Understanding lead times. Holding, ordering, and shortage cost estimate: Estimates of holding, ordering, and shortage costs.
  • 4. How Much to Order: EOQ & EPQ Models The Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model is a calculation that helps businesses determine how much inventory to order to minimize costs and avoid overstocking. Economic Production Quantity (EPQ) is a mathematical model that helps companies determine the optimal quantity to produce or order to minimize inventory costs
  • 5. Fixed Order-Interval Model The fixed order-interval (FOI) model is an inventory management system that involves placing orders at a fixed interval of time. In this model, the amount to order is determined by the maximum stock level, or S, and the constant interval for reordering, or T. The FOI model is suitable for retail operations that can group orders for items from the same supplier, such as drugstores and small grocery stores. The advantages of the FOI model include: Inventory control: The FOI model provides considerable control over inventory. Shipping costs: Grouping orders for items from the same supplier can produce savings in shipping costs. Packaging and ordering costs: The FOI model can lead to possible savings in packaging and ordering costs
  • 6. The Single-Period Model The single-period model, also known as the newsboy problem, is a system for determining how much of a product to order when it has a limited shelf life or a single selling season. The goal is to maximize profit while minimizing the risk of overstocking or understocking. The single-period model is used for products like: Newspapers, Flowers, Seasonal clothing, Christmas trees, Bakery goods, and Magazines.
  • 7. Operations Strategy Record Keeping: Accurate and up-to-date inventory records are crucial for informed decisions. Regularly review and update estimates of holding, ordering, setup costs, demand, and lead times. Variation Reduction: Reducing lead time variability and forecast errors can significantly improve inventory management and lower costs. Lean Operation: Demand-driven systems align production with actual demand. Smaller lot sizes lower holding costs, simplify processes, and reduce ordering/setup costs, resembling a "just-in-time" approach. Benefits include reduced average inventory, lower carrying costs, fewer workflow disruptions, decreased space needs, and better problem detection. Supply Chain Management: Collaboration with suppliers to coordinate shipments, reduce lead times, and manage supply chain inventories can minimize stockouts and carrying costs. Strategies like blanket orders, vendor-managed inventories, and cross- docking reduce transaction and storage costs.