Ionto phoresis & sonnophoresis

Aug 5, 2013Download as PPTX, PDF22 likes1,005 views

This document contains 43 sections labeled BKMGPC and various bullet points. It appears to cover topics related to physical and chemical penetration enhancement techniques for transdermal drug delivery, including sonophoresis, iontophoresis, electroosmosis, and electrorepulsion. Key concepts defined and discussed include sonophoresis versus iontophoresis, the advantages of using sonophoresis, how iontophoresis works, and its advantages, disadvantages, side effects and applications.

 Define sonophoresis. Differentiate between
sonophoresis and iontophoresis.
 Explain electroosmosis and electrorepulsive with
reference to ionophoresis
 Give advantages of using sonophoresis as a physical
penetration enhancer
 Define Iontophoresis. Discuss advantages,
disadvantages, side effects and biomedical
applications of the same.
40BKMGPC

This document discusses sonophoretic drug delivery systems. Sonophoresis uses ultrasound to enhance the migration of drug molecules through the skin. Ultrasound disrupts the lipid bilayers of the skin, increasing permeability. It works by generating cavitation bubbles near or on the skin surface that disrupt the structure of the stratum corneum through oscillations and shock waves, creating pathways for drug penetration. The document covers the advantages and limitations of sonophoresis, its mechanisms of action, parameters for ultrasound use, and applications for drug delivery.

Liposome pptRiteksha Patel

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This document provides an overview of liposomes. It begins with an introduction describing liposomes as concentric bilayer vesicles composed mainly of phospholipids and cholesterol. It then covers the mechanism of liposome formation, classifications, biological fate, preparation methods, characterization techniques, advantages and disadvantages, and applications. Preparation methods discussed include physical dispersion, solvent dispersion, detergent solubilization, and various size reduction/increase techniques. Characterization includes assessing size, shape, lamellarity, surface charge, drug release, and encapsulation efficiency using tools like microscopy, NMR, and chromatography.

Tddsrashi.pptRashi Patel

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Transdermal drug delivery system was introduced to overcome the difficulties of drug delivery through oral route. A transdermal patch is medicated adhesive patch that is placed on the skin to deliver a specific dose of medication through the skin and into the bloodstream. Often, this promotes healing to an injured area of the body. An advantage of a transdermal drug delivery route over other types of medication delivery such as oral, topical, intravenous, intramuscular, etc. is that the patch provides a controlled release of the medication into the patient, usually through either a porous membrane covering a reservoir of medication or through body heat melting thin layers of medication embedded in the adhesive. The main disadvantage to transdermal delivery systems stems from the fact that the skin is a very effective barrier; as a result, only medications whose molecules are small enough to penetrate the skin can be delivered in this method.

Medicinal electrophoresis(iontophoresis) by aayupta mohantyAayupta Mohanty

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This document provides information about iontophoresis (electrophoresis), including: - Iontophoresis is a non-invasive method of delivering charged substances like medications transdermally using a small electrical current. - It has advantages like being painless, sterile, and reducing infection risks compared to injections. - Key components needed are a power source, electrodes containing the drug solution, and a treatment site on the skin. - Factors like current intensity, treatment duration, electrode material and placement affect drug delivery. - Iontophoresis has applications for reducing inflammation and constant pain by delivering anti-inflammatory drugs like dexamethasone and lidocaine transdermally.

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems - (Physical enhancers through the skin) - A...Suraj Choudhary

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Transdermal drug delivery and ocular preparations - PharmaceuticsAreej Abu Hanieh

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Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDSs) facilitate the passage of therapeutic drugs through the skin and into systemic circulation. They provide advantages like avoiding gastrointestinal absorption issues and first-pass metabolism in the liver. TDDSs are designed with layers like a backing, drug reservoir, release liner and adhesive to control drug release rates. Factors like drug properties, skin properties, permeation enhancers and the system design impact percutaneous absorption. Examples of approved TDDSs include scopolamine for motion sickness, nitroglycerin for angina, clonidine for hypertension, nicotine for smoking cessation and estradiol for menopausal symptoms.

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Iontophoresis wireless applicationAmira Daghache

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Sistem penghantaran obat tubuhMolinda Damris

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Dokumen tersebut membahas mengenai sistem penghantaran obat, yang meliputi berbagai teknologi dan strategi untuk mengirimkan obat secara tepat ke sasaran di dalam tubuh seperti organ tertentu atau jenis sel tertentu guna meningkatkan efektivitas obat dan mengurangi efek samping. Dibahas pula beberapa sistem penghantaran obat modern seperti sistem implan, transdermal, koloidal, mikropartikel, dan penghantaran ob

Iontophoresis Mohamad Rasool Sakhawarz

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Iontophoresis is a non-invasive method of delivering charged medication or agents transdermally using a small electrical current. It provides painless delivery of medications directly to the treatment site with reduced risk of infection compared to injections. Positively charged drugs are delivered from the positive electrode and negatively charged drugs from the negative electrode according to the principle that like charges repel and opposite charges attract. Iontophoresis enhances transdermal delivery through ion-electric field interaction, increased skin permeability from electric current, and electro-osmosis carrying solvent and substances through the skin. Care must be taken to avoid excessive current causing burns.

IONTOPHORESIS rasika walunj

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Iontophoresis is a technique that uses a low-level electrical current to introduce ions into the body across the skin. Positively or negatively charged drug ions are repelled into the skin by their respective electrodes. Factors like drug concentration, pH, charge, and molecular size influence transport. While it is a painless, sterile method for delivering certain charged drugs through the skin with small dosages, it also has drawbacks like potential irritation and device failures that require skilled operation. Iontophoresis has applications in areas like analgesia, wound healing, and inflammatory conditions.

Iontophoresis brito.Brito Raj

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Iontophoresis is a non-invasive drug delivery system that uses a low-intensity electrical current to transport ionized drugs or other charged molecules through the skin. It has advantages over injections as it is painless, reduces risks of infection, and allows long-term medication through transdermal delivery. Key components needed are a power source to generate a direct current, electrodes to disperse the drug, and an ionized aqueous medication. Factors like current intensity, treatment time, drug properties, and skin properties affect the pharmacokinetics and delivery rate of iontophoresis. It has various biomedical applications for pain relief, dermatology, ophthalmology, and delivery of drugs like antihypertensives

Sonophorosis by akshay patelakshay patel

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This document provides an overview of sonophoretic drug delivery. It defines sonophoresis as using ultrasonic energy to enhance transdermal drug migration. The key mechanisms are cavitation disrupting lipid bilayers and increasing molecular kinetic energy. Parameters like frequency and intensity are important. Applications include hormone delivery and cancer therapy. Advantages are avoiding gastrointestinal absorption issues. Limitations include only certain drugs absorbing transdermally. Commonly used drugs are corticosteroids and local anesthetics. Sonophoresis is distinguished from iontophoresis which uses electrical current rather than ultrasound.

iontophoresissaketasati

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This study aimed to determine the effect of iontophoresis and chitosan gel on doxorubicin (DOX) skin penetration and cytotoxicity. Results showed that iontophoresis significantly increased DOX skin permeation and retention compared to passive delivery. While iontophoresis of hydroxyethylcellulose gel delivered more DOX to the stratum corneum, chitosan gel delivered similar amounts to deeper skin layers by competing for binding sites. Iontophoresis also increased DOX cytotoxicity against melanoma cells independently of the formulation used.

Liposomes-Classification, methods of preparation and application Vijay Hemmadi

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Nerve muscle physiology /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental...Indian dental academy

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This document discusses nerve and muscle physiology. It defines key terms like neurons, dendrites, axons, and action potentials. It explains that neurons transmit nerve impulses via action potentials generated by the movement of sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane. The document also describes how graded potentials lead to action potentials when the threshold is reached, causing voltage-gated ion channels to open. It notes that action potentials propagate in an all-or-none manner via saltatory conduction in myelinated fibers.

Liposomes and liposomal drug delivery system( recent advancement)Unmesh Bhamare

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This document summarizes a seminar presentation on recent trends in pharmaceutical sciences focusing on liposomes. It defines liposomes as concentric bilayered vesicles enclosing an aqueous volume within a phospholipid membrane. The presentation covers the structural components of liposomes including commonly used phospholipids, classification based on lamellarity and size, various preparation methods such as mechanical dispersion, solvent dispersion, and detergent removal. It also discusses characterization, stability considerations, applications in drug delivery, recent advances, and some marketed liposome products.

EmulgelBaibhav Joshi

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The document describes the formulation and characterization of a clarithromycin emulgel for topical drug delivery. Various formulations of clarithromycin emulgel were prepared using different gelling agents like Carbopol 934, Carbopol 940 and HPMCK4M. The formulations were evaluated for physical appearance, pH, viscosity, drug content and in vitro drug release. Formulation F1 showed optimum results with maximum drug content of 91.6% and sustained drug release of 74.47% over 12 hours. Thus, the developed clarithromycin emulgel using Carbopol 934 as gelling agent can be considered as a potential formulation for topical delivery of clarithromycin.

Md (surg) part1 nmj 2011 studentvajira54

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This document summarizes key concepts in neuromuscular physiology including nerve conduction, the neuromuscular junction, and muscle contraction. It discusses the resting membrane potential, action potentials, propagation of action potentials, and factors that influence membrane potential. It also describes the structure and function of the neuromuscular junction, including acetylcholine release and receptor activation. Finally, it discusses neuromuscular blocking agents and disorders like myasthenia gravis.

Activation modulated drug delivery systemsSonam Gandhi

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This document discusses different types of activation modulated drug delivery systems (DDS). It describes DDS that are activated by physical, chemical, or biological means. Some examples of physically activated DDS include osmotic pressure-activated, hydrodynamic pressure-activated, vapour pressure-activated, and mechanically activated systems. Magnetically activated and sonophorosis activated DDS are also mentioned. The document provides details on the mechanisms and equations for rate of drug release for some of these systems. It further discusses iontophoresis-activated and hydration-activated DDS and provides one example for each.

LiposomesSagar K Savale

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Liposomes are concentric bilayered vesicles in which an aqueous core is entirely enclosed by a membranous lipid bilayer mainly composed of natural or synthetic phospholipids. Liposomes are spherical microscopic vesicles consisting phospholipids bilayers which enclose aqueous compartments. The size of a liposome ranges from some 20 nm up to several micrometers. Liposomes were first produced in England in 1961 by Alec D. Bangham, who was studying phospholipids and blood clotting. Small unilamellar vesicles (SUV), 25 to 100 nm in size that consist of a single bilayer Large unilamellar vesicle (LUV), 100 to 500 nm in size that consist of a single bilayer Multilamellar vesicle (MLV), 200 nm to several microns, that consist of two or more concentric bilayer

FA&P Muscles and Nervesnatjkeen

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1) The document discusses the muscular system, describing the different types of muscle tissue (skeletal, cardiac, smooth), muscle characteristics (excitability, contractibility, elasticity), and the major muscle groups of the body. 2) It also covers muscle architecture (fusiform, pennate, radiate), types of muscle contractions (isotonic, isometric, isokinetic), and the roles muscles can play in movement (agonist, antagonist, synergist, stabilizer). 3) Finally, the document lists many of the principal muscles of the body, describing their main attachment sites and actions in gross motor activities.

IontophoresisAmrithVijay

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This document discusses iontophoresis, which is a non-invasive technique for transdermal drug delivery using electricity. It works by using an electric current to transfer ions across the skin layers. The summary is: Iontophoresis is a painless, sterile technique that uses a small electric current to enhance delivery of ionized drugs through the skin. It works by using electrode placement and electric charge to drive positively or negatively charged drug ions into the body. The document discusses the principles, advantages, complications, mechanisms, equipment, and factors that influence iontophoresis drug delivery.

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The document discusses galvanic currents, including a brief history where Luigi Galvani first showed that electric current caused frog legs to twitch. It defines direct current (DC) as electrical current that flows in one constant direction, as opposed to alternating current (AC) which reverses direction. The document describes modifications to DC including interrupted DC where current flows and ceases at regular intervals. It discusses waveform characteristics like duration and frequency, and different types of interrupted DC waveforms including rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal, saw tooth, and depolarized.

Resting membrane potential by DR. IRUMSMS_2015

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The document discusses the structure and function of neurons, including their cell membranes, ion concentrations, and generation of action potentials. Specifically, it notes that: - Neurons have dendrites that receive inputs, a cell body that integrates inputs, and an axon that transmits signals to other neurons. - The neuron cell membrane is polarized due to different ion concentrations inside and outside, creating a resting membrane potential. - An action potential is generated when the membrane potential reaches a threshold, causing voltage-gated sodium channels to open and sodium to rush in, reversing the polarity briefly before potassium channels reopen and repolarize the membrane. - Action potentials propagate rapidly along axons without decreasing in

Colon targeted drug delivery systems Dr Gajanan Sanap

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This document discusses targeted drug delivery to the colon. It begins with an introduction to colon targeted drug delivery and describes the anatomy and physiology of the colon. Key criteria for drug selection include drugs used to treat gastrointestinal diseases, those poorly absorbed in the upper GI tract, and drugs that degrade in the stomach and small intestine. Approaches for colon targeting include pH sensitive systems, microbially triggered systems using prodrugs and polysaccharides, timed release systems, and osmotically controlled drug delivery systems. The colon offers advantages for drug delivery including treatment of colonic diseases and absorption of proteins and peptides.

IontophoresisSreeraj S R

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Iontophoresis is a technique that uses a low-level electrical current to transfer ions through the skin for therapeutic purposes. It works by using the electrical polarity of ions - ions with the same polarity as the electrode they are placed under will be repelled into the skin, while ions with opposite polarity will be attracted. The current must be direct current applied at low intensity for short durations. Proper electrode size and ionic solution are required to avoid burns or irritation. Iontophoresis can be used to deliver medications for conditions like inflammation, pain, and skin problems.

Permeation enhancement through skinRohit Thakur

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This document discusses transdermal drug delivery and penetration enhancement techniques. It begins with an introduction to transdermal drug delivery and the barriers of the skin. It then discusses various penetration enhancement techniques including chemical agents, physical methods, vesicles and prodrugs. Specific penetration enhancers are explained such as surfactants, fatty acids, DMSO, alcohols and terpenes. The mechanisms of these enhancers are also summarized. The document concludes with a discussion of other approaches like supersaturated solutions, eutectic mixtures, complexes, microneedles and iontophoresis. Overall, the document provides an overview of strategies to enhance drug permeation across the skin for transdermal drug delivery.