IOS_A049_PAYALSHAH.PPT.pptx
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This document discusses the doctrine of repugnancy in Indian law. It explains that under Article 254 of the Indian Constitution, if a central law conflicts with a state law on a subject in the Concurrent List, the central law will prevail. It provides examples of direct conflicts, occupied fields, and intended occupation that can result in repugnancy. Key court cases are discussed that have established conditions for applying the doctrine and interpreted how it is to be implemented. The conclusion emphasizes that the doctrine preserves integrity and avoids conflicting laws on the same subjects between central and state legislatures.
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【主营项目】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理毕业证|办理文凭: 买大学毕业证|买大学文凭【q薇1954292140】犹他大学学位证明书如何办理申请？
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理美国成绩单犹他大学毕业证【q薇1954292140】国外大学毕业证, 文凭办理, 国外文凭办理, 留信网认证Steps to Take When You've Been Left Out of a Will
Steps to Take When You've Been Left Out of a WillLegacy Probate International
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Learning that you've been left out of a will can be unsettling. Fortunately, there's legal recourse - challenging the will. However, there are factors to consider before challenging a will.
The Egypt President arrested the Pope Tawarous II.pdf
The Egypt President arrested the Pope Tawarous II.pdfGerges francis
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The Egypt President Arrested The Pope Tawarous II
A Claim To The Honorable United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres
Egypt President Abdul-Fattah El Sisi arrested the Pope Tawarous II
Written on Sunday 22nd June 2025
THE ACCUSATION
I'm, the undersigned, Gerges Francis Tawdrous Gerges, provide A claim against Egypt president Abdul-Fattah El Sisi- the claim tells (The president of Egypt arrested The Pope Tawadrous II – the head of The Coptic Orthodox Church In Egypt And Over Seas)
Egypt president prevented The Pope Tawadrous II to be appeared on TV channels
The claim is sent to The Honorable United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres- United Nations should be responsible for The Pope Tawadrous II safety and liberty
THE ACCUSATION REASON
The Pope Tawadrous II gives a lecture on Wednesday every weak and the lecture is broadcasted by all Christian channels- the weakly lecture is inherited tradition started with the previous pope Shenoda III and is continuous with our Pope Tawadrous II
On Wednesday 18th June 2025 all Christian channels broadcasted old recorded lectures and not a new one- means- on that day NO lecture is given- Although on the previous Wednesday 11th June the Pope Tawadrous II gave a new lecture as usual but on Wednesday 18th June NO lecture is given and all Christian channels broadcasted old recorded lectures
Means- The Egypt president prevented the Pope Tawadrous II to be appeared on TV channels and arrested him and prevented him from travel
THE ACCUSATION IMPORTANCE
It's known Egypt president arrest the people and kill them by different illness- the killing by illness is the used method by the Egypt president Abdul-Fattah El Sisi- which is used frequently before in many known events- The prevent of our Pope Tawadrous II to be appeared on TV channels is the first step to kill him- later the Egypt president will tell (the pope is ill) and later he will be killed by this illness- Please be sure- the killing by illness using is the major Method of Kill is used by the Egypt president Abdul-Fattah El Sisi
THE ACCUSATION OBJECTIVE
I request an international investigation immediately- and United Nations should send a delegate to visit the Pope Tawadrous II in the Coptic Cathedral in Abbsiya district – Cairo to know what's happening and to be sure of his safety and liberty- and to know why he can't appear on TV channels
THE ACCUSATION DETAILS
I'm, Gerges Francis Tawdrous Gerges, Egyptian, Christian- I have studied in faculty of science – in Peoples' Friendship University Of Russia (2010- 2013)-
Since 2013 I have to return to Egypt and Egypt authority persecuted me strongly during this period (2013- 2025) means (twelve years)- and in 2016 Egypt authority caused the Bomb In The Church to kill me (The Cathedral "El-Botrosyia" Church Bomb December 2016)
I have sent a claim to The Honorable United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres about this bomb- Also Egypt authority prevented me to travel(CONT)SILENT EMERGENCY OF CHILD LABOUR WORLD WIDE
SILENT EMERGENCY OF CHILD LABOUR WORLD WIDEaaphazratbal
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“STOLEN CHILDHOODS":
Every pair of tiny hands that holds a tool instead of a toy… Holds the weight of a failed society.
Childhood is meant to be a garden of dreams—Filled with laughter, play, and innocent schemes.
Yet, across dusty roads and behind dim factory walls,Little hands tremble not with joy, but with burdened calls.K Royal, JD, PhD for Top Cyber News MAGAZINE May 2025
K Royal, JD, PhD for Top Cyber News MAGAZINE May 2025Dr. Ludmila Morozova-Buss
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The Lex Lumina of Privacy Law
Who claimed beauty, brains, and heart don't belong together with cybersecurity and law?
The Grace and the Law. The Charisma and the Leadership. The Privacy and the Influence. Meet the pageant queen who masters the world stage in law, cybersecurity, and pageants - currently holding the title of South Carolina Classic Universe Woman... Not just a title of beauty, but a symbol of brilliance.
In a world awash with data - where surveillance shadows every click and compliance guides every move - a new light has risen: the Lex Lumina, the luminous spirit of privacy law. She knows no borders yet shapes global governance. She is passionate, authentic and vibrant in the boardroom and the battlefields of public trust.
Her name? …K Royal, JD, PhD
She moves with the grace of justice - not cloaked in robes, but in clarity. Her presence is found in firm governance and the gentle nudge of ethical innovation. Her charisma is not loud – it is magnetic, drawing the best minds in law, policy, and purpose into her orbit.
In the May edition, we invite you to step into her presence and witness her story. Privacy is not a checkbox. It is a force. A protector of dignity. A strategic compass in an uncertain digital age. This month, you are not a spectator. You are the voice she defends. The future she empowers. The decision-maker she enlightens.
Step into the radiance of Lex Lumina. Experience the fusion of privacy, leadership, and law - like never before!
'Privacy is the Right. Data Privacy Law is how we Protect that Right in the Digital Age.’ ~ K Royal, JD, PhD
Excessive Fees in Estate Administration.pdf
Excessive Fees in Estate Administration.pdfVOLUNT?RIA CAUSA SOCIAL
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How Legal Fees Can Hurt a Grieving Family
My name is Alessandra Kurchinski. I am the widow of Franklin Kurchinski, who passed away on August 12, 2022. Since then, I’ve been going through a very difficult and painful legal process with his estate and trust in Pinellas County, Florida. I’m sharing my story to help other families who are going through probate. I hope it can help you understand how legal fees work, and how they may be charged to the estate, even if they don’t truly help the family.
After my husband died, his sister was named Personal Representative of the estate. Her attorney was put in charge of handling legal matters. That attorney's office sent bills they called an “Activity Log” through a system called MyCase. These bills were full of charges for things like: Very short emails. Phone calls. Meetings that solved nothing. Arguments they started or made worse. All of these charges are being paid from the estate, which is supposed to support me and my two daughters as beneficiaries.
I looked through every invoice. Many of these charges didn’t bring any value to the estate. They didn’t help the family. Some may have even caused more stress and pain, especially while we were grieving. These charges add up fast — thousands of dollars taken from the estate, which means less money for the real family members left behind. It’s heartbreaking. I never imagined that instead of support, we’d be fighting to protect what my husband left behind for us.
Excessive Attorney Fees for Estate Administration
Invoice #01587 – $22,407.50
Invoice #01603 – Flat Fee $6,000, this invoice starts on May 11, 2022, three months before my husband passed away. I do not understand why this fee was charged so far in advance of his death, and no clear explanation has been given about what specific services were performed for the estate at that time and Invoice #01605 – $38,325.75
This invoice was submitted as Exhibit B just before the court hearing on October 26, 2023. I did not have time to properly review or challenge the charges listed in this bill before the hearing. Across all three invoices, there are many individuals listed who were hired by the attorney, making what should have been a simple probate estate much more expensive. The billing codes include: NMK – $450/hr, MA – $175/hr, JS – $125/hr, HW – $75/hr and AL – $75/hr.
I’ve been representing myself for almost three years because I couldn’t afford a lawyer. I don’t want others to go through what I did.
If you're going through probate, I want you to know: You have the right to ask questions about legal fees. You can review every invoice. You can ask the court if the fees are fair and reasonable. In Florida, you can ask under Probate Rule 5.241 for the judge to look at these fees. Ask yourself: Did this help the estate or just the attorney? Was this charge really necessary? Was it in the best interest of everyone in the family?
Grief is already hard. Probate shouldn’t make it worse.Kairos Legal Advisors_Founders Capital Raising Packages.pdf
Kairos Legal Advisors_Founders Capital Raising Packages.pdfKairos Capital Legal Advisors,LLC
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Last updated 6/17/25Frequently Asked Questions Michigan Truck Accident
Frequently Asked Questions Michigan Truck Accidentbryan347388
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Got questions after a truck accident in Michigan? This FAQ presentation breaks down what you need to know — from your legal options to dealing with insurance — all in simple, straightforward terms.Kathleen Campbell Davis - The Stages of Civil Litigation
Kathleen Campbell Davis - The Stages of Civil LitigationKathleen Campbell Davis
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Civil litigation refers to a series of legal processes that seek to resolve disputes between individuals, organizations, and businesses. Unlike criminal litigation, which often involves the state and a private entity, civil litigation primarily involves private entities seeking redress or remedies for specific performance or financial compensation. It consists of stages, such as pre-filing and evidence gathering.Trial Day Kurchinski vs Kouskoutis.pdf
Trial Day Kurchinski vs Kouskoutis.pdfVOLUNT?RIA CAUSA SOCIAL
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I am Alessandra Kurchinski, the surviving spouse of Franklin Kurchinski and one of the beneficiaries of his Estate and Trust, along with our daughters, Jacqueline and Caroline. On October 26, 2023, I participated pro se in a court hearing—“Trial Day”—before Special Master Robert Persante, regarding the trust and estate litigation involving the attorney representing the estate and the individual appointed as Personal Representative and Successor Trustee.
This hearing, and everything that led up to it, has been one of the most emotionally and legally painful experiences of my life. I was simply trying to understand what happened to my husband's estate and ensure that our rights were respected. Instead, I was met with silence, avoidance, inflated legal fees, and a legal system that often felt stacked against me.
I tried many times to communicate directly with the Personal Representative. I even invited her to the bank with me to resolve matters in person, but she refused to come. I was told by the estate's attorney not to contact her directly, which meant that every communication had to go through lawyers—driving up legal costs unnecessarily. That was never what Franklin would have wanted.
Before we were married, Franklin and I signed a prenuptial agreement that stated we each owned 50% of all property and assets. I never filed a lawsuit to undo the trust—I respected his estate plan—but I wanted the prenuptial agreement to be honored. Instead, the court seemed to treat me as if I were trying to invalidate the trust, which was never the case. I only wanted the assets to be fairly divided, in accordance with the contract we both signed.
I also requested reimbursement for family expenses. Rather than honoring that request, the legal team filed a petition for a “family allowance” without my consent. This added more legal work—and more fees—to the estate, which I believe could have been avoided.
The legal team filed key documents such as fee motions and billing logs the day before the hearing. I had no attorney, and no time to review or respond to them. This has happened more than once, and it felt like a tactic to keep me confused, stressed, and unprepared.
I am a grieving widow, a mother, and a woman trying to protect what is rightfully mine and my daughters'. I never asked for conflict—I asked for fairness and clarity. I only want justice, transparency, and for the Trust and Estate to be administered according to what Franklin and I agreed to in our legal contracts.
I want this to end—not just the litigation, but the pain, the confusion, and the division—so that my daughters and I can begin to heal and move forward.What is the Human Rights Of Freedom.pptx
What is the Human Rights Of Freedom.pptxsamikshamatkar91
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In this we can see the human rights of freedom Understanding Section 1061: Carried Interest Rules
Understanding Section 1061: Carried Interest RulesAlexander Apostolopoulos
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Section 1061 of the Internal Revenue Code reshapes how investment profits are taxed, particularly for fund managers receiving carried interest.Services Consultation FAQ Sheet for Kairos
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The document outlines the services offered by Kairos, including an advance payment option for legal services through a third-party provider and a limited-time affordable subscription program. It addresses common FAQs regarding service charges, attorney availability, document review turnaround time, and payment plans. Clients are informed about the steps to initiate services, the necessity of upfront payments, and the conditions for payment plans.The Changing Face of Indian Festivals in the Digital Age.pdf
The Changing Face of Indian Festivals in the Digital Age.pdfkapoorgita1991
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This presentation explores how Indian festivals are adapting to the digital age, blending age-old traditions with modern technology. From virtual pujas and video calls to online shopping and social media sharing, celebrations have expanded beyond physical boundaries. While e-commerce and digital platforms have made festivals more accessible and visually shareable, there’s a growing need to maintain authenticity amidst convenience. Ultimately, the evolution reflects a cultural shift where tradition and innovation coexist, allowing festivals to remain relevant and meaningful in a rapidly changing world.
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IOS_A049_PAYALSHAH.PPT.pptx
- 1. DOCTRINE OF REPUGNANCY PAYAL RAMNIKBHAI SHAH A - 049 JITENDRA CHAUHAN COLLEGE OF LAW PROF. AMARO HENRIQUES & PROF. SUSHMA MHASKE INTERPRETATION OF STATUTES
- 2. INTRODUCTION ? The Doctrine of Repugnancy has been stated in Article 254 of the Indian Constitution, under Part XI ? Blacks' Law Dictionary defines repugnancy as an inconsistency or contradiction between two or more parts of a legal instrument (such as a statute or a contract) ? The Constitution under Schedule VII sets out the various subjects on which the Parliament and State may legislate, under List I and List II respectively. Under List III, also known as the Concurrent List, both the Parliament and the States have the power to make laws
- 3. INDIAN CONSTITUTION Article 245 of Constitution of India ? Parliament to make laws for the whole or any part of India ? State legislature to make laws for the whole or any part of the State Article 246 of Constitution of India (Seventh Schedule) ? Union List or List I – Parliament’s exclusive power to make Laws ? State List of List II – Exclusive powers to States to make Laws ? Concurrent List or List III – Both i.e. Centre and State have powers to make Laws Article 254 of Constitution of India ? if a conflict arises between a Central and a State legislation, then the Central law will prevail
- 4. WHEN REPUGNANCY ARISES DIRECT CONFLICT ? Clear and direct inconsistency between the Central Act and the State Act ? Situation is reached where it is impossible to obey the one without disobeying the other Occupied field ? Not apparent conflict ? But repugnancy between two Acts covering same field Intended occupation ? There is no direct conflict in the two provisions nor the Act directly takes away a right conferred by the other yet there may be repugnancy
- 5. CONDITIONS TO BE SATISFIED FOR APPLICATION OF DOCTRINE OF REPUGNANCY Landmark judgments concerning this doctrine is M. Karunanidhi v. Union of India A direct inconsistency between the Central Act and the State Act The inconsistency must be irreconcilable The inconsistency between provisions of two Acts are such that there is direct collision and it is impossible to obey one without disobeying the other
- 6. IMPORTANT JUDICIAL DECISIONS State of Jammu and Kashmir v. M.S.Farooqi, Bar Council of Uttar Pradesh v. State of Uttar Pradesh, and in the case of K.S.E. Board v. Indian Aluminium Co. ? Repugnancy arises and Article 254(1) would apply only when both the Central and the State laws have been enacted on a subject in the Concurrent List and not otherwise Bharat Hydro Power Corpn. Ltd. v. State of Assam, as well as in the case of Central Bank of India v. State of Kerala ? Every effort should be made to reconcile the two enactments and construe them both, in such a way, so as to avoid them being repugnant to each other
- 7. IMPORTANT JUDICIAL DECISIONS Government of Andhra Pradesh v. J.B. Educational Society ? Judiciary must interpret legislation made by the Parliament and the State Legislature in such a way that the question of conflict does not arise or can be circumvented ? If such a conflict between laws is unavoidable, then the Parliamentary law shall prevail Zameer Ahmed Latifur Rehman Sheikh v. State of Maharashtra and Ors ? Of it could not be shown that core area and the subject matter of the legislation is covered by an entry in the State List, then any incidental encroachment upon an entry in the Union List would not be enough so as to render the State law as valid
- 8. IMPORTANT JUDICIAL DECISIONS Kannan D.H.P.Co. v. State of Kerala ? Supreme Court did envisage the possibility of repugnancy between a Central Act on a subject in List I and a State Act on a state subject on List II Srinivasa Raghavachar v. State of Karnataka ? There was indeed a repugnancy between the Advocates Act, 1961, which was a Central Act enacted by the Parliament under entries 77 and 78 of List I and a State law prohibiting legal practitioners from appearing before a land tribunal, enacted under List II
- 9. CONCLUSION ? Parliament as well as the State Legislatures enjoy absolute authority when they legislate on their subject matters ? This doctrine plays a critical role in order to preserve the integrity of the Country and avoid two laws on the same subject matter ? Article 254 clearly states the clauses regarding how to deal with State and Centre issues and which has to be given importance so that there are no two different laws on one subject ? No repugnancy of law passed by the state enactment would be required if the matter is unique