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IP Address & Subneting.pdf

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Hirdesh Sharma
Hirdesh Sharma

This document discusses IP addresses and subnetting. It begins by explaining that each network interface has a unique IP address. IP addresses are 32 bits long and contain a network and host portion, allowing for a two-level address hierarchy. The document then covers IP address classes and explains subnetting allows a single IP address to span multiple physical networks by using host ID bits as a subnet ID. Subnet masks allow hosts to determine if another IP is on the same subnet.

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JIMS, Greater Noida IP Addresses and Subnetting Hirdesh Sharma, Department of CSE 4/28/2023 1 Hirdesh Sharma RCA 402 Computer Network Unit: 1 Computer Network
? IP is connectionless datagram protocol and is an unreliable protocol because it does not provide any error control & flow control mechanism. ? Packets in IP Layer are called datagram. ? Each interface on internet has a unique global address called IP address. ? Services provided by IP are: Addressing, Fragmentation, Packet Timeout, Type of Service. ? IPv6 is the next generation protocol as the successor of IPv4. ? Host and Router has a unique IP Address on Internet. ? Classes of IP Address are: Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, Class E. 4/28/2023 Hirdesh Sharma RCA 402 Computer Network Unit: 1 2 Prerequisite and Recap
4/28/2023 Hirdesh Sharma RCA 402 Computer Network Unit: 1 3 IP Addresses (CO3) ? Each network interface on the Internet as a unique global address, called the IP address. ? An IP address- is 32 bits long. It encodes a network number and a host number. ? IP addresses are written in a dotted decimal notation. Ex: 128.238.42.112
4/28/2023 Hirdesh Sharma RCA 402 Computer Network Unit: 1 4 IP Address Classes (CO3) ? Class A: – For very large organizations – 16 million hosts allowed ? Class B: – For large organizations – 65 thousand hosts allowed ? Class C – For small organizations – 255 hosts allowed ? Class D – Multicast addresses – No network/host hierarchy
4/28/2023 Hirdesh Sharma RCA 402 Computer Network Unit: 1 5 IP Address Hierarchy (CO3) Internet= a collection of connected networks which share a common set of rules for communication. IPAddress Hierarchy – Note that Class A, Class B, and Class C addresses only support two levels of hierarchy – Each address contains a network and a host portion, meaning two levels of Hierarchy. – However, the host portion can be further split into “subnets” by the address class owner – This allows for more than 2 levels of hierarchy.
4/28/2023 Hirdesh Sharma RCA 402 Computer Network Unit: 1 6 IP Subnetting (CO3) ? Subnetting is a technique used to allow a single IP network address to Span multiple physical networks. ? IP hosts should support subnetting. ? Subnetting is done by using some of the bits of the host-id part of the IP address physical layer network identifier. ? The subnet mask is used to determine the bits of the network identifier. ? All hosts on the same network should have the same subnet mask. ? IP address is composed of a Netid part and a Hostid part ?2-level hierarchy. ? Sometimes a 2-level hierarchy is insufficient for an organisation’s needs.
4/28/2023 Hirdesh Sharma RCA 402 Computer Network Unit: 1 7 IP Subnetting (CO3)
4/28/2023 Hirdesh Sharma RCA 402 Computer Network Unit: 1 8 Subnetting (CO3) ? An IP packet from some other network destined for host 141.14.2.21 still reaches router R1, since the destination address is still a Class B address with Netid141.14 and Hostid 2.21 as far as the rest of the Internet is concerned. ? when the packet reaches router R1, the interpretation of the IP address changes ? R1 knows that there are 3 levels of hierarchy within the organization, and that in this case, the Netid is 141.14,the Subnetid is 2, and the Hostid is 21. ? How is this knowledge of the internal network hierarchy implemented in the organization’s routers?
4/28/2023 Hirdesh Sharma RCA 402 Computer Network Unit: 1 9 Subnetting (CO3) ? Masking of IP addresses during the packet-forwarding process. ? Masking is done whether or not subnetting is being used with subnetting, the Netid defines the site, the Subnetid defines the physical network, and the Hostid defines the actual machine.
4/28/2023 Hirdesh Sharma RCA 402 Computer Network Unit: 1 10 Subnet Masks (CO3) ? Subnet Masks: Subnet masks allow hosts to determine if another IP address is on the same subnet or the same network.
Q:1 Explain IP Address. Discuss the various classes of IP Address. Q:2 Define the concept of IP Subnetting with the help of suitable diagram. Q:3 What are Subnet Masks. 4/28/2023 Hirdesh Sharma RCA 402 Computer Network Unit: 1 11 Weekly Assignment
Q:1 A 4 byte IP address consists of __________ a) only network address b) only host address c) network address & host address d) network address & MAC address 4/28/2023 Hirdesh Sharma RCA 402 Computer Network Unit: 1 12 MCQ s
Q:1 Define the concept of IP Subnetting with the help of suitable diagram. Q:2 What are Subnet Masks. 4/28/2023 Hirdesh Sharma RCA 402 Computer Network Unit: 1 13 Expected Questions for University Exam
? Each network interface on the Internet as a unique global address, called the IP address. ? Each address contains a network and a host portion, meaning two levels of Hierarchy. ? Subnetting is a technique used to allow a single IP network address to Span multiple physical networks. IP hosts should support subnetting. ? Subnet masks allow hosts to determine if another IP address is on the same subnet or the same network. 4/28/2023 Hirdesh Sharma RCA 402 Computer Network Unit: 1 14 Summery
4/28/2023 Hirdesh Sharma RCA 402 Computer Network Unit: 1 15 References ? Behrouz A. Forouzan, “Data communication and Networking”, Tata McGraw– Hill, ? Larry L.Peterson, Peter S. Davie, “Computer Networks”, Elsevier, Fifth Edition, 2012. ? William Stallings, “Data and Computer Communication”, Pearson Education, ? James F. Kurose, Keith W. Ross, “Computer Networking

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IP Address & Subneting.pdf

  • 1. JIMS, Greater Noida IP Addresses and Subnetting Hirdesh Sharma, Department of CSE 4/28/2023 1 Hirdesh Sharma RCA 402 Computer Network Unit: 1 Computer Network
  • 2. ? IP is connectionless datagram protocol and is an unreliable protocol because it does not provide any error control & flow control mechanism. ? Packets in IP Layer are called datagram. ? Each interface on internet has a unique global address called IP address. ? Services provided by IP are: Addressing, Fragmentation, Packet Timeout, Type of Service. ? IPv6 is the next generation protocol as the successor of IPv4. ? Host and Router has a unique IP Address on Internet. ? Classes of IP Address are: Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, Class E. 4/28/2023 Hirdesh Sharma RCA 402 Computer Network Unit: 1 2 Prerequisite and Recap
  • 3. 4/28/2023 Hirdesh Sharma RCA 402 Computer Network Unit: 1 3 IP Addresses (CO3) ? Each network interface on the Internet as a unique global address, called the IP address. ? An IP address- is 32 bits long. It encodes a network number and a host number. ? IP addresses are written in a dotted decimal notation. Ex: 128.238.42.112
  • 4. 4/28/2023 Hirdesh Sharma RCA 402 Computer Network Unit: 1 4 IP Address Classes (CO3) ? Class A: – For very large organizations – 16 million hosts allowed ? Class B: – For large organizations – 65 thousand hosts allowed ? Class C – For small organizations – 255 hosts allowed ? Class D – Multicast addresses – No network/host hierarchy
  • 5. 4/28/2023 Hirdesh Sharma RCA 402 Computer Network Unit: 1 5 IP Address Hierarchy (CO3) Internet= a collection of connected networks which share a common set of rules for communication. IPAddress Hierarchy – Note that Class A, Class B, and Class C addresses only support two levels of hierarchy – Each address contains a network and a host portion, meaning two levels of Hierarchy. – However, the host portion can be further split into “subnets” by the address class owner – This allows for more than 2 levels of hierarchy.
  • 6. 4/28/2023 Hirdesh Sharma RCA 402 Computer Network Unit: 1 6 IP Subnetting (CO3) ? Subnetting is a technique used to allow a single IP network address to Span multiple physical networks. ? IP hosts should support subnetting. ? Subnetting is done by using some of the bits of the host-id part of the IP address physical layer network identifier. ? The subnet mask is used to determine the bits of the network identifier. ? All hosts on the same network should have the same subnet mask. ? IP address is composed of a Netid part and a Hostid part ?2-level hierarchy. ? Sometimes a 2-level hierarchy is insufficient for an organisation’s needs.
  • 7. 4/28/2023 Hirdesh Sharma RCA 402 Computer Network Unit: 1 7 IP Subnetting (CO3)
  • 8. 4/28/2023 Hirdesh Sharma RCA 402 Computer Network Unit: 1 8 Subnetting (CO3) ? An IP packet from some other network destined for host 141.14.2.21 still reaches router R1, since the destination address is still a Class B address with Netid141.14 and Hostid 2.21 as far as the rest of the Internet is concerned. ? when the packet reaches router R1, the interpretation of the IP address changes ? R1 knows that there are 3 levels of hierarchy within the organization, and that in this case, the Netid is 141.14,the Subnetid is 2, and the Hostid is 21. ? How is this knowledge of the internal network hierarchy implemented in the organization’s routers?
  • 9. 4/28/2023 Hirdesh Sharma RCA 402 Computer Network Unit: 1 9 Subnetting (CO3) ? Masking of IP addresses during the packet-forwarding process. ? Masking is done whether or not subnetting is being used with subnetting, the Netid defines the site, the Subnetid defines the physical network, and the Hostid defines the actual machine.
  • 10. 4/28/2023 Hirdesh Sharma RCA 402 Computer Network Unit: 1 10 Subnet Masks (CO3) ? Subnet Masks: Subnet masks allow hosts to determine if another IP address is on the same subnet or the same network.
  • 11. Q:1 Explain IP Address. Discuss the various classes of IP Address. Q:2 Define the concept of IP Subnetting with the help of suitable diagram. Q:3 What are Subnet Masks. 4/28/2023 Hirdesh Sharma RCA 402 Computer Network Unit: 1 11 Weekly Assignment
  • 12. Q:1 A 4 byte IP address consists of __________ a) only network address b) only host address c) network address & host address d) network address & MAC address 4/28/2023 Hirdesh Sharma RCA 402 Computer Network Unit: 1 12 MCQ s
  • 13. Q:1 Define the concept of IP Subnetting with the help of suitable diagram. Q:2 What are Subnet Masks. 4/28/2023 Hirdesh Sharma RCA 402 Computer Network Unit: 1 13 Expected Questions for University Exam
  • 14. ? Each network interface on the Internet as a unique global address, called the IP address. ? Each address contains a network and a host portion, meaning two levels of Hierarchy. ? Subnetting is a technique used to allow a single IP network address to Span multiple physical networks. IP hosts should support subnetting. ? Subnet masks allow hosts to determine if another IP address is on the same subnet or the same network. 4/28/2023 Hirdesh Sharma RCA 402 Computer Network Unit: 1 14 Summery
  • 15. 4/28/2023 Hirdesh Sharma RCA 402 Computer Network Unit: 1 15 References ? Behrouz A. Forouzan, “Data communication and Networking”, Tata McGraw– Hill, ? Larry L.Peterson, Peter S. Davie, “Computer Networks”, Elsevier, Fifth Edition, 2012. ? William Stallings, “Data and Computer Communication”, Pearson Education, ? James F. Kurose, Keith W. Ross, “Computer Networking