Irbis
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The Snow leopard, also known as the Irbis, is a rare big cat that lives in the mountains of Siberia despite its reputation as bear country. It has long fur, a flexible body, small head, and short legs that allow it to thrive in the mountains year-round, where it preys on hoofed animals and occasionally smaller rodents like squirrels. While the Snow leopard was featured at the 2014 Sochi Olympics, it is now endangered and mostly limited to zoos as its population has dwindled.
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Methods of water management in food industry.pptx
Methods of water management in food industry.pptxlaibaiqbal253
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This ppt is on the issues of water management in food industry and their solutions.
新西兰怀卡托大学毕业证书毕业证范本鲍翱奥成绩单文凭
新西兰怀卡托大学毕业证书毕业证范本鲍翱奥成绩单文凭taqyea
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2、面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
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Issues-and-Challenges-in-Participatory-Approach-Management.pptxsalvadorgerom3
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Participatory approach Forest ManagementTurning Insight into Action: How the IPBES Transformative Change Assessment C...
Turning Insight into Action: How the IPBES Transformative Change Assessment C...info924062
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The webinar, "Turning Insight into Action: How the IPBES Transformative Change Assessment Can Drive Real Change," brought together experts from the Transformations Community, cCHANGE, and SocSES to explore how the Transformative Change Assessment (TCA) can support sustainability and biodiversity efforts. Key discussions centered on the universal connection to nature, the imagination gap in transformation, and the need for boundary organizations to facilitate collaboration. Karen O’Brien emphasized the importance of showing up strategically and engaging in deliberate transformations through relationships and transformative capacities. Michael Schoon highlighted the role of resilience and broadening participation in community building, stressing the need for practical, inclusive spaces for ongoing collaboration. The session underscored the urgency of strategic partnerships and the importance of translating insights into real-world action across diverse sectors and communities.
AirMMax AMLT+ Series Roots Blower-Industrial.pdf
AirMMax AMLT+ Series Roots Blower-Industrial.pdfQingdao AirMMax Aeration Equipment Co., Ltd
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AirMMax is professional manufacturer of Roots Blower, Turbo Blower and Aerotube, we established AirMMax with the vision to develop the company into a leading roots blower and turbo blower manufacturer and supplier.CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENTmmusa666
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PPT ON CLIMATE CHANGE + CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT2025 Small Grants Fund Applicant Webinar 狠狠撸s
2025 Small Grants Fund Applicant Webinar 狠狠撸sGlobal Forest Watch
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uring the webinar, we will provide an overview of the 2025 application process and host a short demo of the GFW platform and its near real-time data. There will be an opportunity for questions at the end. This webinar will be recorded, and the recordings and slides will be shared with participants afterwards. The webinar will be available in English, Spanish, and French.
Please visit the Small Grants Fund webpage here for more information or contact us at gfwfund@wri.org if you have any questions or feedback prior to the webinar. Presentation on TMV by Tanu Singh...pptx
Presentation on TMV by Tanu Singh...pptxtanusingh41051
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**Tobacco mosaic virus**:
TMV is a plant virus that belongs to genus Tobavirus. It is named so because it majorly infects tobacco plants, potatoes, tomatoes, and other members of the Solanaceae family.
The infection creates a mosaic like pattern, mottling, and discoloration of the leave.
HISTORY:
TMV as first recognized by Adolf Mayer in 1866 .
Dmitri Ivanovsky investigated in 1892 and demonstrated that TMV are capable of passing through bacterial filters and hence they are more infectious than bacteria.
For the first time in 1935 W.M.Stanley isolated the virus in semi crystalline
SYMPTOMS:
It is characterized by MOSAIC-like patterns on the leaves, where light and dark green patches alternate. This is the virus’s hallmark.
Leaves may become distorted, curling or wrinkling(sometime called “leaf strapping”,”shoe string”, or “fern leaf”).
Infected plants often show reduced growth and poor overall development.
Infected leaves may turn yellow due to interference with chlorophyll production.
For crop plants like tomatoes, peppers, and tobacco, TMV infection leads to lower fruit and seed yield.
TMV is a seed borne virus that can also be transmitted by sap and human actions.
form.
VIRAL STRUCTURE:
TMV is a rod shaped helical simple virus containing of centrally located single stranded RNA enveloped by a protein coat. The rod is consider o be 3000A0 in length and 180 A0 in diameter.
The protein coat is called CAPSID. It is estimated 2130 sub units, namley CAPSOMERES in a complete helical rod and 49 capsomeres on every 3 turns of the helix: thus there would be about 130 turns per turn of TMV.
Each capsomere is a grape like structure containing about 158 amino acids and having a molecular weight of 1000 D.
The RNA molecule consists of about 300 nucleotides.
The central core of the rod is about 40 A0.
**Virus Entry and Infection**
1.Attachment:
For a virus to infect a plant, it must first be able to access the plant cells. Plant viruses are usually transmitted by insect vectors (e.g., aphids, whiteflies,etc.) or by mechanical means (e.g., through damaged tissues or tools). The process begins when a vector or mechanical force introduces the virus into the plant tissue, often through wounds or natural openings like stomata.
2. Penetration:
Once the virus is introduced into the plant tissue, it must penetrate the plant cell wall and the plasma membrane. Plant cells are surrounded by a rigid cell wall, making viral entry a complex step. The mechanisms of virus entry include:
-Direct penetration
-Endocytosis(A process by which the cell ingulfs the etracellular material like viruses through veicles formation.)
-Transport through plasmodesmata (a channel that connect plant cells.)
**Replication and Transcription of Viral Genome**
3.Uncoating:
The viral capsid is removed and degraded by viral enzymes or host enzymes releasing the viral genomic nucleic acid.
4.Replication:
The viral RNA first induces the formawtion of specific enzyme called........Managing Skyrocketing US Electricity Demand: A State and Local Perspective
Managing Skyrocketing US Electricity Demand: A State and Local PerspectiveWorld Resources Institute (WRI)
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This webinar provides an overview of electricity load growth in the U.S. and its drivers and expected impacts. It focuses on how load growth particularly affects states and localities, and explores levers available to state and local policymakers to mitigate any negative consequences and capture any opportunities.
What will happens to your home after a fire?
What will happens to your home after a fire?chiehyul
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See what chemicals your house will release after a wildfire.
Managing Skyrocketing US Electricity Demand: A State and Local Perspective
Managing Skyrocketing US Electricity Demand: A State and Local PerspectiveWorld Resources Institute (WRI)
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