Irsensor
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The LM358 and LM324 are internally compensated operational amplifiers designed to provide stable unity gain performance. They offer 550kHz bandwidth at unity gain and consume only 0.5mA of supply current over their operating voltage range, making them well-suited for general purpose applications. The amplifiers can operate from single or dual supply voltages and have a common mode input range that includes ground with wide output swing.
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The document describes an electronic letter box circuit that uses a light dependent resistor (LDR) to detect when a letter is placed inside the box. The circuit uses a 555 timer IC connected as a comparator. It also includes an LDR, LEDs, resistors, a variable resistor, battery, and switch. When light falls on the LDR, its resistance decreases, causing the 555 output to trigger one LED. But when a letter blocks the light, the LDR resistance increases, causing the 555 to trigger a different LED to indicate a letter is present. The circuit uses few components and little power, making it suitable for portable use in a letter box.Transister Tester Project Report with Circuit Diagram
Transister Tester Project Report with Circuit DiagramTeam Kuk
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Transistor testers are instruments for testing the electrical behavior of transistors and solid-state diodes circuit. This device is used to detect a faulty transistor, within an assembled PCB. The testing can be carried out on the PCB's components, so that only the faulty transistor needs to be removed and replacedpptx laser.pptx
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This document describes the design and operation of a laser-based intruder alarm system. The system uses a laser diode transmitter that beams a laser at a photodiode receiver. If the laser beam is interrupted, such as by an intruder passing through, the receiver will detect the break in the beam and trigger an alarm. The alarm circuit uses an op-amp current-to-voltage converter and monostable multivibrator to trigger a piezo buzzer for an audio alarm. The system is designed to be simple to install both indoors and outdoors to detect intruders and could help secure homes, businesses, and property boundaries.Automatic doorbell with object detection
Automatic doorbell with object detectionAnurag Alaria
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This document describes an automatic doorbell system that uses ultrasonic sensors to detect movement and ring a doorbell. It provides details on the components and circuit design of the transmitter and receiver modules that use ultrasonic waves to detect a person. The system is intended to automatically sense someone's presence and ring the doorbell, saving time and enhancing security compared to a traditional doorbell. The document includes circuit diagrams and descriptions of the main integrated circuits used, including the IC 555 timer and LM324 op-amp. It provides specifications and characteristics for the transistors and other components in the design.Led book
Led bookvigyanashram
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This document provides design and assembly instructions for various LED lighting units that can be manufactured locally. It covers basic electrical concepts needed to work with LEDs such as current, voltage, resistors, circuits etc. Several circuit diagrams and instructions are given for making different LED lights - emergency lamps, AC/DC lamps, torches etc. It also includes chapters on power sources like grid, solar and pedal power that can be used to charge batteries and power the lights. Proper tools and safety procedures for assembly are emphasized. The goal is to enable local electricians to make affordable LED lights in their communities.Mobile sniffer project
Mobile sniffer projectरमन सनौरिया
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This document describes a mobile sniffer circuit that can detect mobile phone activity within a range of 8 meters or more. It uses a BFR96 transistor for RF signal amplification followed by further amplification with an op-amp and audio power amplifier. When a mobile phone is activated within range, it produces a loud sound from the speaker. The circuit is powered by a 12V rechargeable battery and can be made more compact by replacing components with smaller alternatives and using a buzzer instead of speaker.APD & Laser Diode 
APD & Laser Diode East west University
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This presentation is about Optical detector (APD) of a specific commercial model and what does it do with addition to Laser Diode and it’s commercial use also from a specific modelMobile sniffer
Mobile snifferRaman Sanoria
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This document describes a mobile phone sniffer circuit that can detect mobile phone activity in restricted areas. The circuit uses a BFR96 transistor and IC1 TL071 op-amp to amplify signals from a sensor diode. The amplified signals are then fed to an IC2 LA4440 audio power amplifier to produce an audible tone from a speaker when mobile phone activity is detected within 8 meters. The circuit can be improved by using a battery power supply instead of AC to avoid interference, replacing the speaker with a buzzer, and adding a better antenna for increased range.Applications of Electronics
Applications of ElectronicsRumani Chakraborty
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Application of logic gates and designing of the basic circuits in an innovative way, like anti-theft alarm and fire alarmON/OFF CONTROL OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHTS BASED ON SUNLIGHT AVAILIBILITY
ON/OFF CONTROL OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHTS BASED ON SUNLIGHT AVAILIBILITYAmit Meena
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This document describes a circuit designed to control artificial lights based on sunlight availability. The circuit uses an isolated power supply, a 555 timer in comparator mode to sense light levels, and a transistor switch. Light detecting resistors (LDRs) measure ambient light and provide feedback to the 555 timer. When light levels drop below a threshold, the 555 timer activates a relay which turns on the artificial lights. The circuit provides automatic control of indoor lighting that supplements natural light.Eew mini project
Eew mini projectPrerak Trivedi
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This document describes a security alarm system that uses various sensors including a light dependent resistor (LDR). The system uses an LDR circuit that triggers an alarm when a person's shadow falls on the LDR, blocking the light. The circuit uses common electronic components like an LDR, timer IC NE555, capacitors, resistors, and a transformer. It provides intrusion detection with benefits of low cost and energy efficiency compared to other security systems.STM-1 electrical to Optical converter presentation
STM-1 electrical to Optical converter presentationrolands77
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The AN-STM-1/SM is a compact electrical-to-optical converter designed for STM-1 signals. It converts between electrical BNC interfaces and optical SC or FC fiber interfaces. The converter operates at 1.31 or 1.55 microns for transmission distances up to 40 km over single-mode fiber. DIP switches on the front panel are used to set the working mode, such as normal operation or loop testing.optical transmitter
optical transmitter@zenafaris91
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seminar about advantages of optical fiber communication system and optical transmitter
By Zeena Mohammed, University of TechnologyIrsensor
- 1. The LM358 (dual), and LM324 (quad) are voltage feedback amplifiers that are internally frequency compensated to provide unity gain stability. At unity gain (G=1), these amplifiers offer 550kHz of bandwidth. They consume only 0.5mA of supply current over the entire power supply operating range.
- 2. IR Sensor Ckt Diagram.
- 3. The LM358, and LM324 are specifically designed to operate from single or dual supply voltages. The LM358, and LM324 offer a common mode voltage range that includes ground and a wide output voltage swing. The combination of low-power, high supply voltage range, and low supply current make these amplifiers well suited for many general purpose applications and as alternatives to several industry standard amplifiers on the market today.
- 4. The IR emitter used INF 5940 led with wavelength of 940nm and 35 angle beam The resistor for the emitter is 220 Ohms (for 9V) which gives me 35mA current (measured). For the detector I used INFD5940, which is basically the same led, but covered with dark plastic to absorb light better.