Item 5: Japanese Soil Map based on World Reference Base for Soil Resources (2014)
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SOIL ATLAS OF ASIA 2ND EDITORIAL BOARD MEETING RURAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, JEONJU, REPUBLIC OF KOREA | 29 APRIL – 3 MAY 2019
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Item 5: Japanese Soil Map based on World Reference Base for Soil Resources (2014)
- 1. 「農研機構」は国立研究開発法人 農業?食品産業技術総合研究機構のコミュニケーションネームです。 1 Soil Atlas of Asia 2nd Editorial board Meeting in Jeonju, Republic of Korea National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO Yuji MAEJIMA?Yusuke TAKATA?Toshiaki OHKURA? Hiroshi OBARA?Kazunori KOHYAMA Japanese Soil Map based on World Reference Base for Soil Resources（2014）
- 2. 世界の土壌資源を正しく評価し、ある特定 の地域で得られた土地利用に関する知識 や経験を、同様な土壌と自然環境をもった 他の地域に対しても効果的に活用する 年 経 緯 1961 FAOとUNESCOにより、世界土壌図の 作成開始 1975 1/5,000,000世界土壌図（19葉）と解説 書（10巻）が完成 1998 国際的に統一された土壌分類体系の 確立を目指して、世界土壌照合基準 （World Reference Base for Soil Resources, WRB）を公表 2006 改訂版（WRB(2006)）公表 2015 改訂版（WRB(2014)）公表 Introduction and Objectives 2
- 3. Changes of Key order on WRB 2014 Keyout WRB2006 WRB2014 1 Histosols Histosols 2 Anthrosols Anthrosols 3 Technosols Technosols 4 Cryosols Cryosols 5 Leptosols Leptosols 6 Vertisols Solonetz 7 Fluvisols Vertisols 8 Solonetz Solonchaks 9 Solonchaks Gleysols 10 Gleysols Andosols 11 Andosols Podzols 12 Podzols Plinthosols 13 Plinthosols Nitisols 14 Nitisols Ferralsols 15 Ferralsols Planosols 16 Planosols Stagnosols 17 Stagnosols Chernozems Keyout WRB2006 WRB2014 18 Chernozems Kastanozems 19 Kastanozems Phaeozems 20 Phaeozems Umbrisols 21 Gypsisols Durisols 22 Durisols Gypsisols 23 Calcisols Calcisols 24 Albeluvisols Deleted Retisols New 25 Alisols Acrisols 26 Acrisols Lixisols 27 Luvisols Alisols 28 Lixisols Luvisols 29 Umbrisols Cambisols 30 Arenosols Arenosols 31 Cambisols Fluvisols 32 Regosols Regosols 3 Blue： RSG used in Japanese soil classification
- 4. Influence of the change of criteria ? Gleysols: 「2. no layers with andic or vitric properties with a combined thickness of either」 has been deleted. Japanese （2011） WRB Group Subgroup 2006 2014 Gleyic Andosols Gleyic Andosols Gleysols (Andic) Histic Gleyic Thaptohistic Andosols Gleyic Histic Andosols Histic Gleysols (Andic) Cumulic Gleyic Andosols Gleyic Melanic Andosols Dystric Gleysols (Andic) Haplic Gleyic Andosols Dystric Gleysols (Andic) 「Gleyic Andosols」→Gleysols 4
- 5. The order of the key out of Umbrisols has been raised from 29th to 20th. Japan （2011） WRB Group SG 2006 2014 Gray Lowland soils Humic Umbric Gleyic Fluvisols Gleyic Umbrisols Brown Lowland soils Humic Umbric Fluvisols Gleyic Umbrisols Argic Red-Yellow soils Humic Umbric Alisols Umbric Acrisols Alic Umbrisol Acric Umbrisols Cambicc Red-Yellow soils Humic Haplic Cambisols (Humic) Cambic Umbrisols Brown Forest soils Humic Haplic Cambisols (Humic) Cambic Umbrisols Of the soil with Umbric horizon (acid dark horizon), Humic subgroups of the following soil groups gather into Umbrisols. 5 Influence of the change of key order
- 6. ? The key out order of Fluvisols has dropped significantly from 7th to 31th. Japan （2011） WRB G SG 2006 2014 GL Gleyic Fluvisols Fluvic Gleysols Thionic Gleyic Fluvisols（Thionic） Fluvic Thionic Gleysols Peaty Gleyic Thaptohistic Fluvisols Fluvic Thaptohistic Gleysols Humic Umbric Gleyic Fluvisols Fluvic Umbric Gleysols Epi-gray Gleyic Fluvisols Fluvic Gleysols Strong Gleyic Fluvisols Fluvic Reductigleyic Gleysols Mottled Gleyic Fluvisols Fluvic Oxygleyic Gleysols Gley Lowland soils group moves from Fluvisols to all Gleysols. 6 Influence of the change of key order
- 7. Materials and Methods Digital soil map of Japan based on Japanese Soil Classification System 包括的土壌分類 第1次試案 WRB2006 大群 群 亜群 第1候補 第2候補 G.【赤黄色土大群】 粘土集積赤黄色土 Alisols, Acrisols Alisols Acrisols（Lixisols） 水田化 Alic Stagnosols Acric Stagnosols Alic Stagnosols Acric Stagnosols 灰白化 Albic Alisols Stagnic Albic Alisols Haplic Acrisols (Albic) Stagnic Albic Alisols Albic Acrisols 疑似グライ化 Stagnic Alisols Stagnic Acrisols Stagnic Alisols Stagnic Acrisols 湿性 Gleyic Alisols Gleyic Acrisols Gleyic Alisols Gleyic Acrisols 腐植質 Umbric Alisols Umbric Acrisols Alic Umbrisols Acric Umbrisols 赤色 Haplic Alisols (Chromic) Haplic Acrisols (Chromic) Chromic Alisols Chromic Acrisols 普通 Haplic Alisols Haplic Acrisols Haplic Alisols Haplic Acrisols WRB2014 Correlation table between JSCS, WRB2006 and WRB 2014 WRB 2014 Japanese soil map (using Q-GIS) 7
- 8. WRB 2014 Soil Map 8 WRB14_RSG 面積（km2 ） (%) 2,595 0.7 10,558 2.8 119,183 32.1 5,485 1.5 2,169 0.6 141,379 38.0 28,578 7.7 19,501 5.2 4,392 1.2 4,794 1.3 230 0.1 10,145 2.7 18,805 5.1 2,729 0.7 20 0.0 1,068 0.3 371,629 100.0
- 9. WRB 2006 vs WRB 2014 WRB 2006 1 WRB 2014 9
- 10. WRB 2006 vs WRB 2014 WRB 2014WRB 2006 Distribution area（％） Cambisols 38.4 Andosols 32.6 Fluvisols 12.5 Regosols 5.2 Alisols 3.0 Cambisols 38.0 Andosols 32.1 Fluvisols 7.7 Gleysols 5.2 Regosols 5.1 Alisols 2.8 Umbrisols 0.3 10
- 11. ? Impact of changing key-out order and criteria 1) The Gleyed Andosols soil group does not correspond to Andosols, and it shifts to Gleysols. 2) Gley Lowland soil group transfers from Fluvisols (alluvial soil) to Gleysols 3) Humic subgroups of Gray Lowland soils, Brown Lowland soils, Red-Yellow soils and Brown Forest soils correspond to Umbrisols (a soil with an acidic dark surface horizon). 11 Summary ? Distribution area of the prototype WRB (2014) Japanese soil map Cambisols：38%、Andosols：32%、Fluvisols：8%、Gleysols、Regosols：5%、 Alisols、Podozols、Anthrosols、Histosols、Leptosols、Stagnosols：1～3% ? Comparison with the WRB (2006) Japanese soil map １） Gleyic Fluvisols and Gleyic Andosols almost move to Gleysols ２） Addition of Umbrisols (0.3%)
- 13. Soil Taxonomy （USDA，2010） World Reference Base for Soil Resources （FAO, ISRIC and ISSS, 2006） 分類 方式 キーアウト方式+修飾語句の付加 （特徴層位、識別特徴） キーアウト方式+修飾語句の付加 （特徴層位、識別特徴、識別物質） 階層 序列 6レベル （目、亜目、大群、亜群、ファミリー、統） 2レベル （照合土壌群+下位単位） 長所 ?土壌特性に基づく実用的分類体系 ?単一の土壌名付与 ?目～亜群まではキーアウト方式 ?正確な土壌情報を伝達可能 ?小縮尺の土壌図へも対応可能 ?国際間比較が可能な実用的分類体系 ?科学者間のコミュニケーションツールとして 活用可能 ?修飾語句の付加により土壌の多様性に対応 ?分析データよりも形態学的特徴づけを強調 ?大縮尺の土壌図 短所 ?詳細な理化学性データが必要 ?生成過程や環境条件は重要視しない ?ラテン語やギリシャ語に由来する用語の 使用 ?修飾語句の付加には専門的知識と経験が 必要 ?下位単位の相互関係が明確ではない ?系統分類ではなく、コミュニケーションツール 現行の国際的な土壌分類体系の比較 （前島，2014）