![Liberalism is a political philosophy or worldview founded on ideas of liberty (which is
especially stressed in classical liberalism) and equality (which is more evident in social
liberalism).[1] Liberals espouse a wide array of views depending on their understanding of these
principles, but generally they support ideas such as free and fair elections, civil rights, freedom
of the press, freedom of religion, free trade, and private property.[2][3][4][5][6]
Liberalism first became a distinct political movement during the Age of Enlightenment, when it
became popular among philosophers and economists in the Western world. Liberalism rejected
the notions, common at the time, of hereditary privilege, state religion, absolute monarchy, and
the Divine Right of Kings. The 17th-century philosopher John Locke is often credited with
founding liberalism as a distinct philosophical tradition. Locke argued that each man has a
natural right to life, liberty and property[7] and according to the social contract, governments
must not violate these rights. Liberals opposed traditional conservatism and sought to replace
absolutism in government with representative democracy and the rule of law.
The revolutionaries of the Glorious Revolution, American Revolution, segments of the French
Revolution, and other liberal revolutionaries from that time used liberal philosophy to justify the
armed overthrow of what they saw as tyrannical rule. The 19th century saw liberal governments
established in nations across Europe, Spanish America, and North America.[8] In this period, the
dominant ideological opponent of classical liberalism was classical conservatism.
Liberalism also survived major ideological challenges from new opponents, such as fascism and
communism. During the 20th century, liberal ideas spread even further, as liberal democracies
found themselves on the winning side in both world wars. In Europe and North America, there
was also the rise of social liberalism,[9][10] which is related with social democracy in Europe. The
meaning of the word "liberalism" began to diverge in different parts of the world. According to
the Encyclopedia Britannica, "In the United States, liberalism is associated with the welfare-state
policies of the New Deal program of the Democratic administration of Pres. Franklin D.
Roosevelt, whereas in Europe it is more commonly associated with a commitment to limited
government and laissez-faire economic policies."[11] Consequently in the U.S., the ideas of
individualism and laissez-faire economics previously associated with classical liberalism,
became the basis for the emerging school of libertarian thought.[12] Today, liberal political parties
remain a political force with varying degrees of power and influence on many countries (see
Liberalism by country).](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/gesha-150607113240-lva1-app6891/85/jason-1-320.jpg)
jason
- 1. Liberalism is a political philosophy or worldview founded on ideas of liberty (which is especially stressed in classical liberalism) and equality (which is more evident in social liberalism).[1] Liberals espouse a wide array of views depending on their understanding of these principles, but generally they support ideas such as free and fair elections, civil rights, freedom of the press, freedom of religion, free trade, and private property.[2][3][4][5][6] Liberalism first became a distinct political movement during the Age of Enlightenment, when it became popular among philosophers and economists in the Western world. Liberalism rejected the notions, common at the time, of hereditary privilege, state religion, absolute monarchy, and the Divine Right of Kings. The 17th-century philosopher John Locke is often credited with founding liberalism as a distinct philosophical tradition. Locke argued that each man has a natural right to life, liberty and property[7] and according to the social contract, governments must not violate these rights. Liberals opposed traditional conservatism and sought to replace absolutism in government with representative democracy and the rule of law. The revolutionaries of the Glorious Revolution, American Revolution, segments of the French Revolution, and other liberal revolutionaries from that time used liberal philosophy to justify the armed overthrow of what they saw as tyrannical rule. The 19th century saw liberal governments established in nations across Europe, Spanish America, and North America.[8] In this period, the dominant ideological opponent of classical liberalism was classical conservatism. Liberalism also survived major ideological challenges from new opponents, such as fascism and communism. During the 20th century, liberal ideas spread even further, as liberal democracies found themselves on the winning side in both world wars. In Europe and North America, there was also the rise of social liberalism,[9][10] which is related with social democracy in Europe. The meaning of the word "liberalism" began to diverge in different parts of the world. According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, "In the United States, liberalism is associated with the welfare-state policies of the New Deal program of the Democratic administration of Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt, whereas in Europe it is more commonly associated with a commitment to limited government and laissez-faire economic policies."[11] Consequently in the U.S., the ideas of individualism and laissez-faire economics previously associated with classical liberalism, became the basis for the emerging school of libertarian thought.[12] Today, liberal political parties remain a political force with varying degrees of power and influence on many countries (see Liberalism by country).