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Jaundice

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Pranav Patel
Pranav Patel

Jaundice is a common condition in newborns that causes yellowing of the skin and eyes due to high bilirubin levels. It is usually harmless and resolves on its own within 2 weeks as the liver matures. During the newborn physical examination, healthcare providers check for jaundice and examine the eyes, heart, hips, and testes for any abnormalities. Jaundice occurs because newborn livers are immature and less able to break down bilirubin from broken down red blood cells. It is treated only if bilirubin levels are very high to prevent potential brain damage, using phototherapy or blood exchange transfusions.

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Jaundice Pranav Patel
Introduction. Jaundice is a common and usually harmless condition in newborn babies that causes yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes. The medical term for jaundice in babies is neonatal jaundice.
Symptoms. Yellowing if the palms of the hands or soles of the feet. Dark, yellow urine(a new born babys urine should be colorless) Pale-colored poo(it should be yellow or orange) The symptoms of newborn jaundice usually develop 2-3 days after the birth and tend to get better without treatment by the time the baby is about 2 weeks old
When to get medical advice? If baby will be examined for signs of jaundice within 72 hours of being born as part of the newborn physical examination, which includes screening tests to find out if baby has any problems with their eyes,heart,hips and in boys testes.
How is the newborn physical examination done? During the examination, the health professional will also: Look into babys eyes with a special torch to check how their eyes look and move. Listen to babys heart to check their heart sounds. Examine their hips to check the joint. Examine baby boys to see if their testes have descended into the scrotum.
What does newborn physical examination check for? Eyes: The health professional will check the appearance and movement of babys eyes. They are looking for cataracts, which is a clouding of the transparent lens inside the eye and other conditions. About 2 or 3 in 10,000 babies are born with problems with their eyes that need treatment. Cataracts occurs when changes in the lens of the eye cause it to become less transparent.
Heart: The health professional will check babys heart. This is done by observing baby, feeling babys pulses and listening of their heart with a stethoscope. Sometimes heart murmurs are picked up. A heart murmur is where the heartbeat has an extra or unusual sound caused by a disturbed blood flow through the heart. Heart murmurs are common in babies. The heart is normal in almost all cases where a murmur is heard,but about 1 in 200 babies has a heart problem that needs treatment.
Hips: Some newborns have hip joints that are not formed properly. This is known as development dysplasia of the hip(DDH) Left untreated,it can cause a limp or joint problems, about 1 or 2 in 1000 babies have DDH that needs to be treated.
Testicles: Baby boys are checked to make sure their testicles are in the right place. During pregnancy, the testicels form inside the babys body. They may not drop down into the scrotum until a few months after birth. In about 1 in 100 baby boys, the testicles only descend partially or not at all. This needs to be treated to prevent possible problems later in life, such as reduced fertility.
Why does baby have jaundice? Jaundice is caused by the buildup of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellow substance produced when RBC,which carry oxygen around the body are broken down. Jaundice is common in newborn babies because babies have a high number of RBC in their blood, which are broken down and replaced frequently.
Also, a newborn babys liver is not fully developed, so its less effective at removing the bilirubin from the blood. By the baby is about 2 weeks old, the liver is more effective at processing bilirubin, so jaundice often corrects bilirubin itself by this age without causing any harm
Treating newborn jaundice. Treatment for newborn jaundice is not usually needed because the symptoms normally pass within 10-14 days, although they can occasionally last longer. Treatment is usually only recommended if tests show very high levels of bilirubin in babys blood.
There are main two treatments that can be carried out in hospitals to quickly reduce babys bilirubin level: 1. Phototherapy: a special type of light shines on the skin, which alters the bilirubin into a form that can be more easily broken down by the liver. 2. An exchange transfusion-where babys blood is removed using a thin tube placed in their blood vessels and replaced with blood from a matching donor; most babies respond well to treatment and can leave hospital after a few days.
Complications. If a baby with very high levels of bilirubin is not treated, there's a risk they could develop permanent brain damage. This is known as kernicterus Kernicterus is very rare in the UK,affecting less than 1 in every 1,00,000 babies born.
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Jaundice

  • 2. Introduction. Jaundice is a common and usually harmless condition in newborn babies that causes yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes. The medical term for jaundice in babies is neonatal jaundice.
  • 3. Symptoms. Yellowing if the palms of the hands or soles of the feet. Dark, yellow urine(a new born babys urine should be colorless) Pale-colored poo(it should be yellow or orange) The symptoms of newborn jaundice usually develop 2-3 days after the birth and tend to get better without treatment by the time the baby is about 2 weeks old
  • 4. When to get medical advice? If baby will be examined for signs of jaundice within 72 hours of being born as part of the newborn physical examination, which includes screening tests to find out if baby has any problems with their eyes,heart,hips and in boys testes.
  • 5. How is the newborn physical examination done? During the examination, the health professional will also: Look into babys eyes with a special torch to check how their eyes look and move. Listen to babys heart to check their heart sounds. Examine their hips to check the joint. Examine baby boys to see if their testes have descended into the scrotum.
  • 6. What does newborn physical examination check for? Eyes: The health professional will check the appearance and movement of babys eyes. They are looking for cataracts, which is a clouding of the transparent lens inside the eye and other conditions. About 2 or 3 in 10,000 babies are born with problems with their eyes that need treatment. Cataracts occurs when changes in the lens of the eye cause it to become less transparent.
  • 7. Heart: The health professional will check babys heart. This is done by observing baby, feeling babys pulses and listening of their heart with a stethoscope. Sometimes heart murmurs are picked up. A heart murmur is where the heartbeat has an extra or unusual sound caused by a disturbed blood flow through the heart. Heart murmurs are common in babies. The heart is normal in almost all cases where a murmur is heard,but about 1 in 200 babies has a heart problem that needs treatment.
  • 8. Hips: Some newborns have hip joints that are not formed properly. This is known as development dysplasia of the hip(DDH) Left untreated,it can cause a limp or joint problems, about 1 or 2 in 1000 babies have DDH that needs to be treated.
  • 9. Testicles: Baby boys are checked to make sure their testicles are in the right place. During pregnancy, the testicels form inside the babys body. They may not drop down into the scrotum until a few months after birth. In about 1 in 100 baby boys, the testicles only descend partially or not at all. This needs to be treated to prevent possible problems later in life, such as reduced fertility.
  • 10. Why does baby have jaundice? Jaundice is caused by the buildup of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellow substance produced when RBC,which carry oxygen around the body are broken down. Jaundice is common in newborn babies because babies have a high number of RBC in their blood, which are broken down and replaced frequently.
  • 11. Also, a newborn babys liver is not fully developed, so its less effective at removing the bilirubin from the blood. By the baby is about 2 weeks old, the liver is more effective at processing bilirubin, so jaundice often corrects bilirubin itself by this age without causing any harm
  • 12. Treating newborn jaundice. Treatment for newborn jaundice is not usually needed because the symptoms normally pass within 10-14 days, although they can occasionally last longer. Treatment is usually only recommended if tests show very high levels of bilirubin in babys blood.
  • 13. There are main two treatments that can be carried out in hospitals to quickly reduce babys bilirubin level: 1. Phototherapy: a special type of light shines on the skin, which alters the bilirubin into a form that can be more easily broken down by the liver. 2. An exchange transfusion-where babys blood is removed using a thin tube placed in their blood vessels and replaced with blood from a matching donor; most babies respond well to treatment and can leave hospital after a few days.
  • 14. Complications. If a baby with very high levels of bilirubin is not treated, there's a risk they could develop permanent brain damage. This is known as kernicterus Kernicterus is very rare in the UK,affecting less than 1 in every 1,00,000 babies born.