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JAVA - ARRAYS
Java provides a data structure, the array, whichstores a fixed-size sequentialcollectionof elements of the
same type. Anarray is used to store a collectionof data, but it is oftenmore usefulto think of anarray as a
collectionof variables of the same type.
Instead of declaring individualvariables, suchas number0, number1, ..., and number99, youdeclare one array
variable suchas numbers and use numbers[0], numbers[1], and ..., numbers[99] to represent individual
variables.
This tutorialintroduces how to declare array variables, create arrays, and process arrays using indexed
variables.
Declaring Array Variables:
To use anarray ina program, youmust declare a variable to reference the array, and youmust specify the type
of array the variable canreference. Here is the syntax for declaring anarray variable:
dataType[] arrayRefVar; // preferred way.
or
dataType arrayRefVar[]; // works but not preferred way.
Note: The style dataType[] arrayRefVar is preferred. The style dataType arrayRefVar[] comes from
the C/C++ language and was adopted inJava to accommodate C/C++ programmers.
Example:
The following code snippets are examples of this syntax:
double[] myList; // preferred way.
or
double myList[]; // works but not preferred way.
Creating Arrays:
Youcancreate anarray by using the new operator withthe following syntax:
arrayRefVar = new dataType[arraySize];
The above statement does two things:
It creates anarray using new dataType[arraySize];
It assigns the reference of the newly created array to the variable arrayRefVar.
Declaring anarray variable, creating anarray, and assigning the reference of the array to the variable canbe
combined inone statement, as shownbelow:
dataType[] arrayRefVar = new dataType[arraySize];
Alternatively youcancreate arrays as follows:
dataType[] arrayRefVar = {value0, value1, ..., valuek};
The array elements are accessed throughthe index. Array indices are 0-based; that is, they start from0 to
arrayRefVar.length-1.

Example:
Following statement declares anarray variable, myList, creates anarray of 10 elements of double type, and
assigns its reference to myList.:
double[] myList = new double[10];
Following picture represents array myList. Here myList holds tendouble values and the indices are from0 to 9.
Processing Arrays:
Whenprocessing array elements, we oftenuse either for loop or foreachloop because allof the elements inan
array are of the same type and the size of the array is known.
Example:
Here is a complete example of showing how to create, initialize and process arrays:
public class TestArray {
public static void main(String[] args) {
double[] myList = {1.9, 2.9, 3.4, 3.5};
// Print all the array elements
for (int i = 0; i < myList.length; i++) {
System.out.println(myList[i] + " ");
}
// Summing all elements
double total = 0;
total += myList[i];
}
System.out.println("Total is " + total);
// Finding the largest element
double max = myList[0];
if (myList[i] > max) max = myList[i];
}
System.out.println("Max is " + max);
}
}
This would produce following result:
1.9
2.9
3.4
3.5

Total is 11.7
Max is 3.5
The foreach Loops:
JDK 1.5 introduced a new for loop, knownas foreachloop or enhanced for loop, whichenables youto traverse
the complete array sequentially without using anindex variable.
Example:
The following code displays allthe elements inthe array myList:
public class TestArray {
public static void main(String[] args) {
double[] myList = {1.9, 2.9, 3.4, 3.5};
// Print all the array elements
for (double element: myList) {
System.out.println(element);
}
}
}
This would produce following result:
1.9
2.9
3.4
3.5
Passing Arrays to Methods:
Just as youcanpass primitive type values to methods, youcanalso pass arrays to methods. For example, the
following method displays the elements inanint array:
public static void printArray(int[] array) {
for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
System.out.print(array[i] + " ");
}
}
Youcaninvoke it by passing anarray. For example, the following statement invokes the printArray method to
display 3, 1, 2, 6, 4, and 2:
printArray(new int[]{3, 1, 2, 6, 4, 2});
Returning an Array from a Method:
A method may also returnanarray. For example, the method shownbelow returns anarray that is the reversalof
another array:
public static int[] reverse(int[] list) {
int[] result = new int[list.length];
for (int i = 0, j = result.length - 1; i < list.length; i++, j--) {
result[j] = list[i];
}
return result;
}
The Arrays Class:
The java.util.Arrays class contains various static methods for sorting and searching arrays, comparing arrays,
and filling array elements. These methods are overloaded for allprimitive types.

SN Methods with Description
1 public static int binarySearch(Object[] a, Object key)
Searches the specified array of Object ( Byte, Int , double etc) for the specified value using the binary
searchalgorithm. The array must be sorted prior to making this call. This returns index of the search
key, if it is contained inthe list; otherwise, (-(insertionpoint + 1).
2 public static boolean equals(long[] a, long[] a2)
Returns true if the two specified arrays of longs are equalto one another. Two arrays are considered
equalif botharrays containthe same number of elements, and allcorresponding pairs of elements in
the two arrays are equal. This returns true if the two arrays are equal. Same method could be used by
allother premitive data types ( Byte, short, Int etc.)
3 public static void fill(int[] a, int val)
Assigns the specified int value to eachelement of the specified array of ints. Same method could be
used by allother premitive data types ( Byte, short, Int etc.)
4 public static void sort(Object[] a)
Sorts the specified array of objects into ascending order, according to the naturalordering of its
elements. Same method could be used by allother premitive data types ( Byte, short, Int etc.)

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