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Java lecture

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Nataraj Dg
Nataraj Dg

This document provides an introduction to Java Swing. It outlines the timeline for lectures on Swing topics. It emphasizes that a strong understanding of core Java concepts is required before learning Swing. It describes Swing as the Java Foundation Classes toolkit for building graphical user interfaces and distinguishes it from AWT. Finally, it previews that tomorrow's lecture will cover Swing components and containers in more detail.

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Java Swing - Lecture 1 An Introduction Milena Radenkovic (mvr@cs.nott.ac.uk) slides originally by Chris Coleman
2 Timeline 26th Oct (Now) - Java Necessaries, Swing Basics 27th Oct - Components and Containers 3rd Oct - Layout Management 9th Nov - Event Handling and Listeners 10th Nov - Graphics with Swing Java Labs TBA
3 Before we Start (1) Swing is all Java. You must know about, and understand: Classes / Objects Method Overloading Inheritance Polymorphism Interfaces How to read the Java2 API Documents
4 Before We Start (2) If Java is a problem learn NOW, not later when the coursework is due! Labs Come to the labs and help is there for both Java and Swing. Web Use the Sun/Java tutorials Plenty of web resources out there, even the PRG notes Read a book?
5 2D interface programming toolkits Tcl/Tk Motif/UIL IDEs (e.g. VB, MSVC++/MFC) Java AWT the beginnings Java JFC Swing (Java2 - JDK >= 1.2) JBuilder and other Java IDEs etc
6 What is Swing? A part of The Java Foundation Classes Swing Look and feel Accessibility Java 2D (Java 2 onwards) Drag and Drop etc Can be used to build Standalone Apps as well as Servlets and Applets
7 On-line reading and reference The Java Swing trail: http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/uiswing/ Swing articles: http://java.sun.com/javase/technologies/desktop/articles.jsp Developer Technical Articles & Tips: http://java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/GUI/
8 Books Java Swing (1998), Robert Eckstein, Mark Loy, Dave Wood, O'Reilly JFC Swing Tutorial, The: A Guide to Constructing GUIs, 2nd Edition (2004); K. Walrath and M. Campione, Addison Wesley
9 Getting started with Swing (1) Compiling & running programs Swing is standard in Java 2 (JDK >= 1.2) Use: javac <program.java> && java <program> Or JCreator / IDE
10 Getting started with Swing (2) Computer Science Department Stuff PCs Java 2 (1.5.0) on hard disk at csjava Unix (tuck and much): Java 2 (1.5.0) in /usr/bin (or /usr/java) Differences between previous versions http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/guide/swing/SwingChanges.html http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/guide/swing/SwingChanges.html Coursework marked on Win XP & JDK 1.5.0
11 Getting started with Swing (3) Swing, like the rest of the Java API is subdivided into packages: javax.swing, javax.accessibility, javax.swing.border At the start of your code - always import javax.swing; import javax.swing.event; Most Swing programs also need import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*;
12 Differences between Swing and AWT (1) Never mix Swing and AWT components If you know AWT, put J in front of everything AWT: Button Swing: JButton Swing does all that AWT does, but better and theres much more of it.
13 Differences between Swing and AWT (2) Buttons and labels can display images Behaviour and appearance of components Component shape Borders Assistive technologies Look and feel of the programs GUI Windows (but only on Windows, M$ issues.) UNIX GTK etc
14 A typical Swing program Consists of multiple parts Containers Components Events Graphics (Threads) Now look at each in turn
15 A simple Swing program - Containers Containers
16 Remember this about Containers: The structure of containers is your design decision and should always be thought through in advance particularly for managing components nesting containers Failure to do so usually either results in a messy interface, messy code or both.
17 A simple Swing program - Components Components
18 Remember this about Components: There are many components that make your job much easier. Often, you will be able to customise an existing Swing component to do a job for you, instead of having to start from scratch Eg can extend (inherit from) the JButton class and paint a new button over the top
19 A simple Swing program - Events Events
20 Remember this about events: Events as seen by GUIs do not happen all that often in an application Consider what is happening between events as well as during them
21 A simple Swing program - Graphics Graphics Complex drawing and shading API. Can do far more than display images.
22 Remember this about Graphics: There are many aspects of Swing that allow you to achieve graphics-like things without actually using Graphics. Therefore, you dont have to use them most of the time, and it is often easier not to.
23 A simple Swing program - Threads Most simple Swing GUI applications dont require use of any (extra) threads As Swing creates event-driven programs, all code is executed on the event- dispatching thread
24 Remember this about Threads: The single-thread rule Once a Swing component has been realized, all code that might affect or depend on the state of that component should be executed in the event-dispatching thread (with some exceptions)
25 How to Learn Swing Dont even try. Learn general framework principles and design styles. Then use the API reference, and Swing Tutorials to discover detailed usage of each component.
26 How to read Java Docs (1) Java 2 (J2SE 1.5.0) API Reference: http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/api/ Split into 3 Sections (html frames): Top Left: Packages Bottom Left: Classes in Packages Main Frame: Information about selected Class
27 How to read Java Docs (2) General idea is find class, and examine main frame for information. Main frame pages split into sections: Package hierarchy & implemented interfaces Class Description, and links to more info Nested Class Summary Detail in separate page Fields - 2 types Class (static) and instance, plus fields inherited from parent classes / interfaces Constructor Summary Method Summary & inherited methods from parents Detailed info on all summary sections
28 Summary Do you know enough Java? 2D interface programming toolkits JFC/Swing AWT and Swing Getting started with Swing Parts of a simple Swing program Tomorrow: Components and Containers Some source code, and design styles

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Java lecture

  • 1. Java Swing - Lecture 1 An Introduction Milena Radenkovic (mvr@cs.nott.ac.uk) slides originally by Chris Coleman
  • 2. 2 Timeline 26th Oct (Now) - Java Necessaries, Swing Basics 27th Oct - Components and Containers 3rd Oct - Layout Management 9th Nov - Event Handling and Listeners 10th Nov - Graphics with Swing Java Labs TBA
  • 3. 3 Before we Start (1) Swing is all Java. You must know about, and understand: Classes / Objects Method Overloading Inheritance Polymorphism Interfaces How to read the Java2 API Documents
  • 4. 4 Before We Start (2) If Java is a problem learn NOW, not later when the coursework is due! Labs Come to the labs and help is there for both Java and Swing. Web Use the Sun/Java tutorials Plenty of web resources out there, even the PRG notes Read a book?
  • 5. 5 2D interface programming toolkits Tcl/Tk Motif/UIL IDEs (e.g. VB, MSVC++/MFC) Java AWT the beginnings Java JFC Swing (Java2 - JDK >= 1.2) JBuilder and other Java IDEs etc
  • 6. 6 What is Swing? A part of The Java Foundation Classes Swing Look and feel Accessibility Java 2D (Java 2 onwards) Drag and Drop etc Can be used to build Standalone Apps as well as Servlets and Applets
  • 7. 7 On-line reading and reference The Java Swing trail: http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/uiswing/ Swing articles: http://java.sun.com/javase/technologies/desktop/articles.jsp Developer Technical Articles & Tips: http://java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/GUI/
  • 8. 8 Books Java Swing (1998), Robert Eckstein, Mark Loy, Dave Wood, O'Reilly JFC Swing Tutorial, The: A Guide to Constructing GUIs, 2nd Edition (2004); K. Walrath and M. Campione, Addison Wesley
  • 9. 9 Getting started with Swing (1) Compiling & running programs Swing is standard in Java 2 (JDK >= 1.2) Use: javac <program.java> && java <program> Or JCreator / IDE
  • 10. 10 Getting started with Swing (2) Computer Science Department Stuff PCs Java 2 (1.5.0) on hard disk at csjava Unix (tuck and much): Java 2 (1.5.0) in /usr/bin (or /usr/java) Differences between previous versions http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/guide/swing/SwingChanges.html http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/guide/swing/SwingChanges.html Coursework marked on Win XP & JDK 1.5.0
  • 11. 11 Getting started with Swing (3) Swing, like the rest of the Java API is subdivided into packages: javax.swing, javax.accessibility, javax.swing.border At the start of your code - always import javax.swing; import javax.swing.event; Most Swing programs also need import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*;
  • 12. 12 Differences between Swing and AWT (1) Never mix Swing and AWT components If you know AWT, put J in front of everything AWT: Button Swing: JButton Swing does all that AWT does, but better and theres much more of it.
  • 13. 13 Differences between Swing and AWT (2) Buttons and labels can display images Behaviour and appearance of components Component shape Borders Assistive technologies Look and feel of the programs GUI Windows (but only on Windows, M$ issues.) UNIX GTK etc
  • 14. 14 A typical Swing program Consists of multiple parts Containers Components Events Graphics (Threads) Now look at each in turn
  • 15. 15 A simple Swing program - Containers Containers
  • 16. 16 Remember this about Containers: The structure of containers is your design decision and should always be thought through in advance particularly for managing components nesting containers Failure to do so usually either results in a messy interface, messy code or both.
  • 17. 17 A simple Swing program - Components Components
  • 18. 18 Remember this about Components: There are many components that make your job much easier. Often, you will be able to customise an existing Swing component to do a job for you, instead of having to start from scratch Eg can extend (inherit from) the JButton class and paint a new button over the top
  • 19. 19 A simple Swing program - Events Events
  • 20. 20 Remember this about events: Events as seen by GUIs do not happen all that often in an application Consider what is happening between events as well as during them
  • 21. 21 A simple Swing program - Graphics Graphics Complex drawing and shading API. Can do far more than display images.
  • 22. 22 Remember this about Graphics: There are many aspects of Swing that allow you to achieve graphics-like things without actually using Graphics. Therefore, you dont have to use them most of the time, and it is often easier not to.
  • 23. 23 A simple Swing program - Threads Most simple Swing GUI applications dont require use of any (extra) threads As Swing creates event-driven programs, all code is executed on the event- dispatching thread
  • 24. 24 Remember this about Threads: The single-thread rule Once a Swing component has been realized, all code that might affect or depend on the state of that component should be executed in the event-dispatching thread (with some exceptions)
  • 25. 25 How to Learn Swing Dont even try. Learn general framework principles and design styles. Then use the API reference, and Swing Tutorials to discover detailed usage of each component.
  • 26. 26 How to read Java Docs (1) Java 2 (J2SE 1.5.0) API Reference: http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/api/ Split into 3 Sections (html frames): Top Left: Packages Bottom Left: Classes in Packages Main Frame: Information about selected Class
  • 27. 27 How to read Java Docs (2) General idea is find class, and examine main frame for information. Main frame pages split into sections: Package hierarchy & implemented interfaces Class Description, and links to more info Nested Class Summary Detail in separate page Fields - 2 types Class (static) and instance, plus fields inherited from parent classes / interfaces Constructor Summary Method Summary & inherited methods from parents Detailed info on all summary sections
  • 28. 28 Summary Do you know enough Java? 2D interface programming toolkits JFC/Swing AWT and Swing Getting started with Swing Parts of a simple Swing program Tomorrow: Components and Containers Some source code, and design styles