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7 things we should be talking about
e鍖ciency
privacy
stupidity
security
vulnerability
robot ethics
malice
thesis: whenever machines
become more e鍖cient at doing
something than people, people will
be replaced.
e鍖ciency
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損Two hundred years ago, 70% of
American workers lived on the farm.
Today automation has eliminated
all but 1% of their jobs, replacing
them (and their work animals)
with machines.束
Will a robot take your job? [New
Yorker]
e鍖ciency
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among others:
 soldier
 journalist
 farmer
 pharmacist
10 jobs robots already do better
than you [MarketWatch]
e鍖ciency
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security
vulnerability
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Robots replacing factory workers
at faster pace [LA Times]
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Cheaper, better robots will replace human workers in the
world's factories at a faster pace over the next decade,
pushing labor costs down 16%, a report Tuesday said.[]
Robots will cut labor costs by 33% in South Korea, 25%
in Japan, 24% in Canada and 22% in the United States
and Taiwan.
The cost of owning and operating a robotic spot welder,
for instance, has tumbled from $182,000 in 2005 to
$133,000 last year, and will drop to $103,000 by 2025
thesis: whenever machines
become more e鍖cient at doing
something than people, people will
be replaced.
observation: automation is a self-
enhancing process
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conclusion: people will be replaced
almost everywhere.
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Man vs. Machine: Are Any Jobs
Safe from Innovation? [Spiegel]
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損There are approximately 4 million truck, taxi, limousine
and bus drivers in the United States, not to mention gas
station attendants and tra鍖c policemen, writes Posner,
the University of Chicago scholar, in his essay on
automation and employment. Not all these jobs will be
eliminated overnight, he says, but they could go quite
fast.溝
e鍖ciency
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損I don't think we have to worry about autonomous
cars, because that's sort of like a narrow form of AI. It
would be like an elevator. They used to have elevator
operators, and then we developed some simple circuitry
to have elevators just automatically come to the 鍖oor
that you're at ... the car is going to be just like that束
So what happens when we get there? Musk said that
the obvious move is to outlaw driving cars. Its too
dangerous. You can't have a person driving a two-ton death
machine.溝
Elon Musk: cars you can drive will
eventually be outlawed [Verge]
e鍖ciency
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損Will Googles own Executives buy
their self-driving car?
Never!束 [Bruce Sterling]
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損Surveillance as a Business
Model束 [Bruce Schneier]
損It shouldn't come as a surprise that big technology
companies are tracking us on the Internet even more
aggressively than before.
If [that doesnt] sound particularly bene鍖cial to you, it's
because you're not the customer of any of these
companies. You're the product, and you're being improved
for their actual customers: their advertisers.
Surveillance is the business model of the Internet束
e鍖ciency
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e鍖ciency
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malice 損Robots and Privacy束 [Ryan Calo]
An extensive literature in communications and
psychology demonstrates that humans are hardwired to
react to social machines as though a person were really
present. []
People cooperate with su鍖ciently human-like machines,
are polite to them, decline to sustain eye-contact, decline
to mistreat or roughhouse with them, and respond
positively to their 鍖attery.
There is even a neurological correlation to the reaction;
the same mirror neurons 鍖re in the presence of real and
virtual social agents.
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malice malware in personal computers
Report: 48% of 22 million scanned computers infected
with malware [ZDnet]
32% of computers around the world are infected with
viruses and malware [dotTech]
Malware infects 30% of computers in the U.S.
[InfoWorld]
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example: cryptolocker
oct 2013  mid 2014
malware in personal computers
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損In the world of malware threats, only a few rare
examples can truly be considered groundbreaking and
almost peerless. What we have seen in Regin is just such
a class of malware.
[]it is one of the main cyberespionage tools used by a
nation state
[]many components of Regin remain undiscovered and
additional functionality and versions may exist.束
[symantec.com]
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malice Three Laws of Robotics [S. Lem]
1 A robot may not injure a human being or, through
inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
2 A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings,
except where such orders would con鍖ict with the First
Law.
3 A robot must protect its own existence as long as such
protection does not con鍖ict with the First or Second
Laws.
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Why it is not possible to regulate
robots [Cory Doctorow]
A robot is basically a computer that causes some physical
change in the world. We can and do regulate machines,
from cars to drills to implanted de鍖brillators. But the
thing that distinguishes a power-drill from a robot-drill is
that the robot-drill has a driver: a computer that operates
it. Regulating that computer in the way that we regulate
other machines  by mandating the characteristics of
their manufacture  will be no more e鍖ective at preventing
undesirable robotic outcomes than the copyright mandates
of the past 20 years have been e鍖ective at preventing
copyright infringement (that is, not at all).
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thesis: automation is a
vicious circle that we
need to break. goal:
human-compatible
automation.
thesis: technology
seldom plays out as
planned.
thesis: it is impossible
to regulate computers.
this also applies to AI
and robots.
損The progress in AI research
makes it timely to focus research
not only on making AI more
capable, but also on maximizing
the societal bene鍖t of AI.束

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