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Job Security Health

Camille Barton
Camille Barton

This document discusses job security, health, safety and productivity. It begins by defining job security and insecurity, then discusses causes of insecurity such as market forces, technology, and organizational changes. Job insecurity is linked to negative mental and physical health impacts as well as decreased productivity, safety compliance, and increased accidents. The document provides advice on managing insecurity for both individuals and how to help others cope with its effects.

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Job Security, Health, Safety & Productivity 1 Camille Barton Owner & Principal Impunita
Outline 息IMPUNITA - 2015 2 Why this topic? Defining Job Security and Insecurity Causes of Insecurity Job Security and Health: Mental and Physical Health and Productivity Insecurity and Productivity Safety Impacts Impacts on Survivors Managing and Coping: Helping Others Managing and Coping: Helping Yourself
What is Job Security? 3 Job Security: Assurance an employee has about the continuity of gainful employment for their work life. Job Insecurity: An employees overall concern or threat about the continued existence of their job in the future. An Employees PERCEPTION of threat of job loss including: Cognitive perceived probability Emotional worry and stress about job loss. The discrepancy between the level of security a person experiences and the level they would prefer.
Causes of Insecurity 4 Market Forces: Deindustrialization Technological innovation Computers Internet Robotics & autonomous machines Globalization Free market economics Privatization of public services Economic climate Organisational/Industry Forces: Downsizing, mergers etc. Casualization of workforce Workload creep Organisational culture/leadership Work group perceptions Labour market conditions
Current Climate 5
Job Security & Health 6 Insecurity is affecting more people in the Australian workforce Insecurity causes economic and social stressors: Income loss & Economic Stress Loss of identity/status Loss of purpose Social Isolation Is a risk factor for mental and physical health problems Can be a contributor to poor health outcomes with other lifestyle factors: Diet Exercise Stress Smoking/Drinking
Mental Health 7 Job insecurity is consistently linked with negative mental health SF-36 Mental Summary & Kessler 10 scores. A dose response relationship may exist. Perceived insecurity acts as a chronic stressor Risk factor for depression & anxiety in particular Access EAP recently identified job insecurity as the primary trigger for stress in the Australian mining industry. Those in precarious employment are at greater risk
Physical Health 8 Less consensus within the literature, less research than mental health Correlation is greater with subjective measures Associated with work role limitations (physical/emotional issues) Extended periods of insecurity increased physical symptoms Associated with increases in medically certified sick leave (30% short term, 20% short) Objective measures (Allostatic load, BP, cortisol etc.) have mixed results. One study found that job insecurity had an negative effect on self reported health, but not objective measures (Allostatic load/cortisol)
Health & Productivity 9 Health impacts both absenteeism and presenteeism Presenteeism = health related productivity loss caused by employees coming to work whilst ill or injured. Presenteeism may result in a greater proportion of productivity loss Adverse working conditions have health and productivity decrements D&A and Psychological issues = highest absenteeism risk Psychological, D&A and fatigue issues = highest presenteeism risk Comorbidity can increase functional impairment
Insecurity and Productivity 10 Job Insecurity is associated with poor employee attitude, i.e. reduced: Job satisfaction Organisational commitment Work involvement Organisational trust Individual perception of insecurity is influenced by social context and climate Leadership influences strength of the insecurity climate Employees with similar demographics have similar perceptions. Greater climate strength is associated with poorer individual employee attitudes Low climate strength can also be a stressor
Impacts on Safety 11 Globally 260M occupational injuries annually, thats 700K/day! Employees with increased insecurity demonstrate: Decreased safety knowledge Decreased motivation to comply with safety policies/procedures Increased accidents/injuries Increased safety policy violations Work Stress = Increased cognitive failures Insecurity may result in: Decreased cognitive resources to devote to the job & safety Short cuts to improve productivity, under reporting of incidents Research found insecurity increased Likelihood of experiencing and accident Likelihood accident would not be reported.
Experience of Survivors 12 Organisational restructuring results in Survivors Effects of job insecurity remain, particularly in weak labour markets Workload may increase, resources and knowledge lost Survivors experience increased stress which can persist long after the downsizing has taken place High work stress and low perceived control have detrimental effects. Greater downsizing results in higher levels of survivor stress Also higher levels of hypertension Salaried workers experienced greater stress than hourly workers Survivor Syndrome is a recognized issue
Managing and Coping with Insecurity: Helping Others 13 Listen, help them understand the source of insecurity/stress General Advice: Accept the situation (focus on what you CAN control) Look after health and wellbeing (diet, exercise, relaxation etc.) Be proactive (instead of worrying, plan - helps gain control) Check in with your personality (predisposition to anxiety etc.?) Seek identity and enjoyment beyond work Write out/talk out worries Seek help (refer to services and resources)
Managing and Coping with Redundancy: Helping Others 14 Redundancy is often experienced as a grief/loss cycle Shock/Disbelief Depression/Anger/Fear Acceptance & Moving On Listen, understand where they are, help them understand their experience Help them to identify negative/counterproductive thinking They may not be ready to problem solve, offer to help when they are When ready, help with brainstorming and goal setting, seeing opportunities and problem solving, share resources and knowledge. Refer to other services if they are not coping or at risk of harm (EAP, Lifeline, GP etc.). Taking Care of Yourself after Retrenchment or Financial Loss
Managing and Coping with Insecurity: Helping Yourself 15 Take your own advice! Check in with yourself, your feelings and experiences Helping others can affect you, be aware of your own experience and capacity before jumping in. Dont take on too much or try to fix everything You dont have to help if you dont want to or cant, refer to someone/resources that can. You may be helping others, but who is helping you? Tap into support networks Seek help for yourself i.e. EAP
References 16 Rhode, N., Tang, K., Osberg, L. & Prasada Rao, D. (2014). The effect of economic insecurity on mental health: recent evidence from Australian panel data. Griffith Business School Discussion Papers. Griffith University. Holden, L. et al. (2011). Which health conditions impact on productivity in working Australians?. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 53 (3), 253 257. Modrek, S. & Cullen, M. (2013). Job insecurity during recessions: effects on survivors work stress. BMC Public Health. 13 (929). Sora, B., Cuyper, N., Caballer, A., Peiro, J. & Witte, H. (2013). Outcomes of job insecurity climate: the role of climate strength. Applied Psychology. 62 (3), 382 405. Milner, A., Kavanagh, A., Krnjacki, L., Bentley, R. & LaMontagne, A. (2014). Area-level unemployment and perceived job insecurity: evidence from a longitudinal survey conducted in the Australian working-age population. The Annals of Occupational Hygiene. 58 (2), 171 181.
References 17 Naswall, K., Lindfors, P. & Sverke, M. (2012). Job insecurity as a predictor of physiological indicators of health in healthy working women: an extension of previous research. Stress and Health. 23, 255 263. Ferrie, J. (2001). Is job insecurity harmful to health? Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 94, 71 76. Probst, T., Barbaranelli, C. & Petitta, L. (2013). The relationship between job insecurity and accident under reporting: a test in two countries. Work & Stress. 27 (4), 383 402. Rhode, N., Tang, K., Osberg, L. & Prasada Rao, D. (2014). The effect of economic insecurity on mental health: recent evidence from Australian panel data. Griffith Business School Discussion Papers. Griffith University.
References 18 http://www.constructionhunter.com.au/blog/industry-news/new-study-shows-leading-cause- stress-mining-sector/ http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-06-02/job-insecurity-to-become-major-health- problem/4048518 http://www.abc.net.au/health/thepulse/stories/2014/02/27/3953731.htm#artShareLinks http://au.reachout.com/helping-someone-with-stress https://www.bspg.com.au/dam/bsg/product?client=BEYONDBLUE&prodid=BL/0373&type=file https://crana.org.au/files/pdfs/Coping_with_Redundancy.pdf

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Job Security Health

  • 1. Job Security, Health, Safety & Productivity 1 Camille Barton Owner & Principal Impunita
  • 2. Outline 息IMPUNITA - 2015 2 Why this topic? Defining Job Security and Insecurity Causes of Insecurity Job Security and Health: Mental and Physical Health and Productivity Insecurity and Productivity Safety Impacts Impacts on Survivors Managing and Coping: Helping Others Managing and Coping: Helping Yourself
  • 3. What is Job Security? 3 Job Security: Assurance an employee has about the continuity of gainful employment for their work life. Job Insecurity: An employees overall concern or threat about the continued existence of their job in the future. An Employees PERCEPTION of threat of job loss including: Cognitive perceived probability Emotional worry and stress about job loss. The discrepancy between the level of security a person experiences and the level they would prefer.
  • 4. Causes of Insecurity 4 Market Forces: Deindustrialization Technological innovation Computers Internet Robotics & autonomous machines Globalization Free market economics Privatization of public services Economic climate Organisational/Industry Forces: Downsizing, mergers etc. Casualization of workforce Workload creep Organisational culture/leadership Work group perceptions Labour market conditions
  • 6. Job Security & Health 6 Insecurity is affecting more people in the Australian workforce Insecurity causes economic and social stressors: Income loss & Economic Stress Loss of identity/status Loss of purpose Social Isolation Is a risk factor for mental and physical health problems Can be a contributor to poor health outcomes with other lifestyle factors: Diet Exercise Stress Smoking/Drinking
  • 7. Mental Health 7 Job insecurity is consistently linked with negative mental health SF-36 Mental Summary & Kessler 10 scores. A dose response relationship may exist. Perceived insecurity acts as a chronic stressor Risk factor for depression & anxiety in particular Access EAP recently identified job insecurity as the primary trigger for stress in the Australian mining industry. Those in precarious employment are at greater risk
  • 8. Physical Health 8 Less consensus within the literature, less research than mental health Correlation is greater with subjective measures Associated with work role limitations (physical/emotional issues) Extended periods of insecurity increased physical symptoms Associated with increases in medically certified sick leave (30% short term, 20% short) Objective measures (Allostatic load, BP, cortisol etc.) have mixed results. One study found that job insecurity had an negative effect on self reported health, but not objective measures (Allostatic load/cortisol)
  • 9. Health & Productivity 9 Health impacts both absenteeism and presenteeism Presenteeism = health related productivity loss caused by employees coming to work whilst ill or injured. Presenteeism may result in a greater proportion of productivity loss Adverse working conditions have health and productivity decrements D&A and Psychological issues = highest absenteeism risk Psychological, D&A and fatigue issues = highest presenteeism risk Comorbidity can increase functional impairment
  • 10. Insecurity and Productivity 10 Job Insecurity is associated with poor employee attitude, i.e. reduced: Job satisfaction Organisational commitment Work involvement Organisational trust Individual perception of insecurity is influenced by social context and climate Leadership influences strength of the insecurity climate Employees with similar demographics have similar perceptions. Greater climate strength is associated with poorer individual employee attitudes Low climate strength can also be a stressor
  • 11. Impacts on Safety 11 Globally 260M occupational injuries annually, thats 700K/day! Employees with increased insecurity demonstrate: Decreased safety knowledge Decreased motivation to comply with safety policies/procedures Increased accidents/injuries Increased safety policy violations Work Stress = Increased cognitive failures Insecurity may result in: Decreased cognitive resources to devote to the job & safety Short cuts to improve productivity, under reporting of incidents Research found insecurity increased Likelihood of experiencing and accident Likelihood accident would not be reported.
  • 12. Experience of Survivors 12 Organisational restructuring results in Survivors Effects of job insecurity remain, particularly in weak labour markets Workload may increase, resources and knowledge lost Survivors experience increased stress which can persist long after the downsizing has taken place High work stress and low perceived control have detrimental effects. Greater downsizing results in higher levels of survivor stress Also higher levels of hypertension Salaried workers experienced greater stress than hourly workers Survivor Syndrome is a recognized issue
  • 13. Managing and Coping with Insecurity: Helping Others 13 Listen, help them understand the source of insecurity/stress General Advice: Accept the situation (focus on what you CAN control) Look after health and wellbeing (diet, exercise, relaxation etc.) Be proactive (instead of worrying, plan - helps gain control) Check in with your personality (predisposition to anxiety etc.?) Seek identity and enjoyment beyond work Write out/talk out worries Seek help (refer to services and resources)
  • 14. Managing and Coping with Redundancy: Helping Others 14 Redundancy is often experienced as a grief/loss cycle Shock/Disbelief Depression/Anger/Fear Acceptance & Moving On Listen, understand where they are, help them understand their experience Help them to identify negative/counterproductive thinking They may not be ready to problem solve, offer to help when they are When ready, help with brainstorming and goal setting, seeing opportunities and problem solving, share resources and knowledge. Refer to other services if they are not coping or at risk of harm (EAP, Lifeline, GP etc.). Taking Care of Yourself after Retrenchment or Financial Loss
  • 15. Managing and Coping with Insecurity: Helping Yourself 15 Take your own advice! Check in with yourself, your feelings and experiences Helping others can affect you, be aware of your own experience and capacity before jumping in. Dont take on too much or try to fix everything You dont have to help if you dont want to or cant, refer to someone/resources that can. You may be helping others, but who is helping you? Tap into support networks Seek help for yourself i.e. EAP
  • 16. References 16 Rhode, N., Tang, K., Osberg, L. & Prasada Rao, D. (2014). The effect of economic insecurity on mental health: recent evidence from Australian panel data. Griffith Business School Discussion Papers. Griffith University. Holden, L. et al. (2011). Which health conditions impact on productivity in working Australians?. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 53 (3), 253 257. Modrek, S. & Cullen, M. (2013). Job insecurity during recessions: effects on survivors work stress. BMC Public Health. 13 (929). Sora, B., Cuyper, N., Caballer, A., Peiro, J. & Witte, H. (2013). Outcomes of job insecurity climate: the role of climate strength. Applied Psychology. 62 (3), 382 405. Milner, A., Kavanagh, A., Krnjacki, L., Bentley, R. & LaMontagne, A. (2014). Area-level unemployment and perceived job insecurity: evidence from a longitudinal survey conducted in the Australian working-age population. The Annals of Occupational Hygiene. 58 (2), 171 181.
  • 17. References 17 Naswall, K., Lindfors, P. & Sverke, M. (2012). Job insecurity as a predictor of physiological indicators of health in healthy working women: an extension of previous research. Stress and Health. 23, 255 263. Ferrie, J. (2001). Is job insecurity harmful to health? Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 94, 71 76. Probst, T., Barbaranelli, C. & Petitta, L. (2013). The relationship between job insecurity and accident under reporting: a test in two countries. Work & Stress. 27 (4), 383 402. Rhode, N., Tang, K., Osberg, L. & Prasada Rao, D. (2014). The effect of economic insecurity on mental health: recent evidence from Australian panel data. Griffith Business School Discussion Papers. Griffith University.