際際滷

際際滷Share a Scribd company logo

Physics Powerpoint Presentation- Keplers laws of planetary motion

Download as PPT, PDF
King George's Medical University
King George's Medical University

Physics Powerpoint Presentation- Kepler's 1st, 2nd and 3rd law of planetary motion.. For Class 11 physics, chapter Gravitation

1 of 15
Downloaded 66 times
PHYSICS POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
Guided by: Mr. GANPAT CHAURASIA SIR
MARS JOHANNES KEPLER THE SOLAR SYSTEM MARS JOHANNES KEPLER THE SOLAR SYSTEM LAWS OF PLANETARY MOTIONLAWS OF PLANETARY MOTION
Danish astronomer Tyco Brahe (1546-1601) had an island observatory and the best measurements of the positions for all known planets (Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn) and the Moon. Picture of Brahe
Austrian mathematician Johannes Kepler (1571-1630), interested in how the planets move around the sun, went to Tycos island to get these accurate measurements.
At that time, many astronomers believed that planets orbited around the sun in perfect circles, but Tycos accurate measurements for Mars didnt fit a circle. Instead, the mathematician Johannes Kepler found that the orbit of Mars fit an ellipse the best
What is an ellipse?What is an ellipse? 2 foci An ellipse is a geometric shape with 2 foci instead of 1 central focus, as in a circle. The sun is at one focus with nothing at the other focus. FIRST LAW OF PLANETARY MOTION
An ellipse also has a major axis and a minor axis Semi-major axis Perihelion Aphelion Perihelion: When Mars or any another planet is closest to the sun. Aphelion: When Mars or any other planet is farthest from the sun.
Kepler also found that Mars changed speed as it orbited around the sun: faster when closer to the sun, slower when farther from the sun A B But, areas A and B, swept out by a line from the sun to Mars, were equal over the same amount of time. SECOND LAW OF PLANETARY MOTION
Kepler found a relationship between the time it took a planet to go completely around the sun (T, sidereal year), and the average distance from the sun (R, semi-major axis) R1 R2 T1 T2 T1 2 R1 3 T2 2 R2 3 = T 2 = T x T R3 = R x R x R ( ) THIRD LAW OF PLANETARY MOTION
T2 R2 Earths sidereal year (T) and distance (R) both equal 1. The average distance from the Earth to the sun (R) is called 1 astronomical unit (AU). Keplers Third Law, then, changes to T1 2 R1 3 T1 2 R1 3 T2 2 R2 3 1 1 = =or or T1 2 = R1 3
Planet T(yrs) R(au) T2 R3 Venus 0.62 0.72 0.38 0.37 Earth 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Mars 1.88 1.52 3.53 3.51 Jupiter 11.86 5.20 141 141 When we compare the orbits of the planets We find that T2 and R3 are essentially equal.
Keplers Laws apply to any celestial body orbiting any other celestial body. Any planet around a sun The moon around the Earth Any satellite around the Earth The international space station Any rings around any planet
Later, Isaac Newton built upon Keplers Laws to confirm his own Law of Gravitation. THE RED PLANET MARS IS FOREVER LINKED TO OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM AND ONE OF THE 4 BASIC FORCES OF NATURE. If it wasnt for Mars and its complicated travels across the night sky, Johannes Kepler may not have derived his Laws of Planetary Motion. Isaac Newton might not have had a foundation for his Law of Gravitation...
PRANSHU DIWAKAR

More Related Content

Physics Powerpoint Presentation- Keplers laws of planetary motion

  • 2. Guided by: Mr. GANPAT CHAURASIA SIR
  • 3. MARS JOHANNES KEPLER THE SOLAR SYSTEM MARS JOHANNES KEPLER THE SOLAR SYSTEM LAWS OF PLANETARY MOTIONLAWS OF PLANETARY MOTION
  • 4. Danish astronomer Tyco Brahe (1546-1601) had an island observatory and the best measurements of the positions for all known planets (Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn) and the Moon. Picture of Brahe
  • 5. Austrian mathematician Johannes Kepler (1571-1630), interested in how the planets move around the sun, went to Tycos island to get these accurate measurements.
  • 6. At that time, many astronomers believed that planets orbited around the sun in perfect circles, but Tycos accurate measurements for Mars didnt fit a circle. Instead, the mathematician Johannes Kepler found that the orbit of Mars fit an ellipse the best
  • 7. What is an ellipse?What is an ellipse? 2 foci An ellipse is a geometric shape with 2 foci instead of 1 central focus, as in a circle. The sun is at one focus with nothing at the other focus. FIRST LAW OF PLANETARY MOTION
  • 8. An ellipse also has a major axis and a minor axis Semi-major axis Perihelion Aphelion Perihelion: When Mars or any another planet is closest to the sun. Aphelion: When Mars or any other planet is farthest from the sun.
  • 9. Kepler also found that Mars changed speed as it orbited around the sun: faster when closer to the sun, slower when farther from the sun A B But, areas A and B, swept out by a line from the sun to Mars, were equal over the same amount of time. SECOND LAW OF PLANETARY MOTION
  • 10. Kepler found a relationship between the time it took a planet to go completely around the sun (T, sidereal year), and the average distance from the sun (R, semi-major axis) R1 R2 T1 T2 T1 2 R1 3 T2 2 R2 3 = T 2 = T x T R3 = R x R x R ( ) THIRD LAW OF PLANETARY MOTION
  • 11. T2 R2 Earths sidereal year (T) and distance (R) both equal 1. The average distance from the Earth to the sun (R) is called 1 astronomical unit (AU). Keplers Third Law, then, changes to T1 2 R1 3 T1 2 R1 3 T2 2 R2 3 1 1 = =or or T1 2 = R1 3
  • 12. Planet T(yrs) R(au) T2 R3 Venus 0.62 0.72 0.38 0.37 Earth 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Mars 1.88 1.52 3.53 3.51 Jupiter 11.86 5.20 141 141 When we compare the orbits of the planets We find that T2 and R3 are essentially equal.
  • 13. Keplers Laws apply to any celestial body orbiting any other celestial body. Any planet around a sun The moon around the Earth Any satellite around the Earth The international space station Any rings around any planet
  • 14. Later, Isaac Newton built upon Keplers Laws to confirm his own Law of Gravitation. THE RED PLANET MARS IS FOREVER LINKED TO OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM AND ONE OF THE 4 BASIC FORCES OF NATURE. If it wasnt for Mars and its complicated travels across the night sky, Johannes Kepler may not have derived his Laws of Planetary Motion. Isaac Newton might not have had a foundation for his Law of Gravitation...