Kingdom archaebacteria
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Archaea are the oldest organisms on Earth. They are unicellular prokaryotes that lack organelles and belong to the kingdom Archaea. Archaea were first discovered in 1977 and can survive in extreme environments like volcanic vents or boiling mud. They differ from bacteria and eukaryotes in their cell structure and genes. The Archaea kingdom contains three main types: methanogens, halophiles, and thermophiles.
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Kingdom archaebacteria
- 2. Archaebacteria Archaebacteria are the oldest organism living on earth. They are unicellurar prokaryotes-microbes without cell nucleus and any other membrane-bound organelles in their cells and belongs to the kingdom, Archaea. They were first discovered in 1977 by Carl Woose and George E. Fox and classified as bacteria. Most archaebacteria appear like bacteria, when observed under the microscope. However, they are quite different from bacteria and eukaryotes. Archaebacteria are found in very harsh conditions such as in the volcanic vents or at the bottom of the sea. They can easily survive in such extreme environment at sea vents releasing sulfide-rich gasses, hot spring, or boiling mud around volcanoes.
- 5. - The Archaebacteria kingdom is made up of THREE different kinds of Archaebacteria. Their funtions and structers of their genes are more similar to EUKARYOTES than to Eubacteria. - Organisms that belong to this kingdom are all microscopic. They live in various places, some even in the most severe environments. Methanogens, halophiles and thermophiles are examples of archaebacteria.
- 7. This type of Archaebacteria live in oxegen free enviornments and they produce Methane gasess. Places methangogens can be found are: marshes, lake sediments, and digestive tracts of animals. Commercial use: used in sewage plant to help breakdown sewage. Methanogens
- 8. Halophiles live in water with a very high concentration of salt. Halophiles can be found: in Utah's Great Salt Lake and The Dead Sea in the Middle East. Halophiles
- 9. These types of archaebacteria live in hot areas. The water is a very hot/acidic sulfur spring. It is anaerobic and thrives in the deep cracks of the ocean floor. It is also a(n) Autotrophic producer. Thermophiles
- 10. Other information: The word archae came from the Greek word Arkhaion, which means ancient. Archae is also the latin name for prokaryotic cells.
- 12. Eubacteria Eubacteria, known as "true bacteria," are prokaryotic (lacking nucleus) cells that are very common in human daily life, encounter many more times than the archaebacteria. Eubacteria can be found almost everywhere and kill thousands upon thousands of people each year, but also serve as antibiotics producers and food digesters in our stomachs. We use Eubacteria to produce drugs, wine, and cheese. The Eubacteria, also called just "bacteria," are one of the three main domains of life, along with the Archaea and the Eukarya. Eubacteria are prokaryotic, meaning their cells do not have defined, membrane-limited nuclei. As a group they display an impressive range of biochemical diversity, and their numerous members are found in every habitat on Earth. Eubacteria are responsible for many human diseases, but also help maintain health and form vital parts of all of Earth's ecosystems.
- 13. Eubacteria Cell
- 14. Eubacteria are characterised by the following traits: - prokaryotic - lack mitochondrions or chloroplasts - have a rigid cell wall made of peptidoglycan (rather than cellulose as found in plant cell walls) - a cell membrane composed of a phospholipid bilayer that lacks cholestrol and steroids - no mitosis - mostly asexual reproduction many eubacteria form spores, resistant to dehydration and most temperatures, when there is no food and can last up to 50 years. - all eubacteria are either spirilla (spiral shaped), bacilli (rod shaped), or cocci (spherical).
- 16. This bacteria lives about anywhere, including in your body in the form of a parasite. Saprobes feed off of non -living organisms and recycles the nutrients back into the environment where it can be used to create new life. Heterotrophs
- 17. Obtain energy through photosynthesis. Most are a blue-green color and are often called blue-green bacteria. They get this color from chlorophyll, which is also found in plants. They live in chains in ponds, lakes, and moist regions. Autotrophs
- 18. Produce energy by converting inorganic matter into organic matter. They break down dead stuff. Chemothrophs
- 20. Coccus (plural cocci) can be used to describe any bacterium that has a spherical, ovoid, or generally round shape. It is one of the three distinct bacterial shapes. Cocci
- 21. Gram-positive, rod-shaped (bacillus), bacteria and a member of the phylum Firmicutes. Bacillus species can be obligate aerobes (oxygen reliant), or facultative anaerobes (having the ability to be aerobic or anaerobic). They will test positive for the enzyme catalase when there has been oxygen used or present. Bacilli
- 22. Spirillum is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria within family Spirillaceae. There are two species in Spirillum with standing in nomenclature, Spirillum winogradskyi and Spirillum volutans. Spirilla
- 24. Propionibacterium acnes is the relatively slow- growing, typically aerotolerant anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium (rod) linked to the skin condition acne; it can also cause chronic blepharitis and endophthalmitis, the latter particularly following intraocular surgery. Propionibacterium
- 25. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a pathogenic bacterial species in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of most cases of tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- 26. Leptospira interrogans is a bacterial species that contains over 200 pathogenic serovars. These pathogenic bacteria, commonly referred to as Leptospires, are the infectious agents that cause the zoonotic disease Leptospirosis. Leptospira interrogans
- 27. Bacillus anthracis is the etiologic agent of anthrax a common disease of livestock and, occasionally, of humans and the only obligate pathogen within the genus Bacillus. Bacillus anthracis
- 29. Streptomyces griseus is a species of bacteria in the genus Streptomyces commonly found in soil. A few strains have been also reported from deep-sea sediments. It is a Gram positive bacterium with high GC content. Streptomyces griseus
- 30. Streptomyces venezuelae is a species of soil- dwelling Gram-positive bacterium of the genus Streptomyces. S. venezuelae is filamentous. In its spore- bearing stage, hyphae perfuse both above ground as aerial hyphae and in the soil substrate. Streptomyces venezuelae
- 32. Escherichia coli also known as E. Coli is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium of the genus Escherichia that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm- blooded organisms. Escherichia coli
- 34. Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus is one of several bacteria used for the production of yogurt. It is also found in other naturally fermented products. Lactobacillus bulgaricus
- 35. Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus is a gram-positive bacteria and a homofermentative facultative anaerobe, of the viridans group. It tests negative for cytochrome, oxidase and catalase, and positive for alpha- hemolytic activity. Streptococcus thermophilus