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Kreyol

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Kiko El Poderoso
Kiko El Poderoso

This document provides an overview of Haitian Creole/Krey嘆l Ayisyen, including its classification, related languages, sociolinguistic background, and basic linguistic features. Haitian Creole developed from French and various West and Central African languages and has over 7 million speakers. It is one of two official languages of Haiti, though French maintains a higher social status. The language has a vocabulary and basic word order derived from French but distinctive phonological and grammatical structures.

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Haitian Creole/Krey嘆l Ayisyen Brieanne Conklin Chris Perkins Language Sketch:
Map
Introduction Official name: Krey嘆l Creole classification Population of over 7 million
Related Languages French (regional and colloquial varieties from 17th and 18th centuries) African language influence Kwa group of West Africa Bantu languages of Central Africa Minimal Amerindian language influence Haiti (Ayiti)Arawak or Carib meaning vast land of mountains Only very few lexical influences
Sociolinguistic Background Settlement History Very small aboriginal survival of Spanish rule ~1625 Europeans (French), along with a few African slaves began to settle the area 1664 Louis XIV claimed the West of the island Growth of slave population due to indigo, coffee, sugarcane, tobacco, cotton and cacao industry. Led to classic plantation colony with distinctive Creole culture and Creole language 1697 Spanish recognition of French claim to Saint- Dominigue (Haiti)
Sociolinguistic Background Settlement History Slave population 1681~2,000 (approx. 1/3 of total pop.) 1791~700,000 (approx. 92% of total pop.) Haiti became richest French colony providing 1/3 of French foreign trade Struggle for independence had already begun which succeeded in 1803
Sociolinguistic Background Sociolinguistic Variation Official languages: French and Haitian Creole All Haitians speak Haitian Creole, but only 10% are considered bilingual in French and H.C. Fluency in French carries higher status Traditional Uses Haitian used in everyday interactions French used in schools, government, official documents, etc. Not allowed to be used for instruction and education until 1979
Basic Word Order Follows SVO word order typical of French Passive structure takes on common S- Aux-V-O Only questions divert from French using SVO+rising intonation exclusively
Morphology
珂看姻沿鞄看鉛看乙霞-界看稼岳d
Phonological Features Regional variation makes it difficult to standardize a a phonological description... General phonology similar to French 17 consonants (Hall 1953): Bilabial/ Labiodental Dental Palatal or Velar Plosive p b t d k g Fricative or Sibilant f v s z 邸 転 Nasal m n Lateral l Spirant r
Phonological Features (Contd) Vowels Front Back Close i u e o 嘆 Open a Other Vowels: [an] manman [n] bnyn [wi] uit
Phonological Features (contd) Determiners Unlike French, determiners do not reflect gender Instead, there are several alternants of the determiner /la/: la ~ a ~ an ~ lan ~ nan Form is selected based on phonological environment
Syntactic Features Determiners and possessive pronouns occur after the noun: poul ki kouvri pitit li ak-z竪l li chicken REL cover little 3sg with wing 3sg a hen covering her chickens with her wings (Arends et al) d辿ni辿 vwayaj la last trip DET the last trip (Hall 1953)
Syntactic Features Personal Pronouns: mwen 1sg nou 1pl & 2pl ou 2sg yo 3pl li 3sg No gender distinction No distinction between 1st person plural & 2nd person plural Used for subject and object
Syntactic Features (contd) Present tense to be verb not used Li malad / Li nan jaden an 3sg sick / 3sg in garden DET He is sick / He is in the garden Markers used for other tenses Li te malad / Li te anba tab la 3sg was sick / 3sg was under table DET He was sick / He was under the table (DeGraff)
Syntactic Features (contd) Negation French negation: ne ...(verb)... pas Haitian Creole retains pa in negation; however, it functions more like the French ne H.C. Li pa jam tro ta pou chien anraje 3sg NEG ever too late for dog go mad (Arends et al) French Ce n est jamais trop tard pour un chien enrager It NEG is never too late for a dog to go mad Its never too late for a dog to go mad
Sources Arends, J. et al. (1995). Pidgins and Creoles: An Introduction. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DeGraff, Michel. Comparativ e Creole Syntax. London, U.K. Westminster Creolistics Series, Battlebridge Publications --Morphology in Creole genesis: Linguistics and ideology. (2001). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Haitians: Their History and Culture. http://www.culturalorientation.net/haiti Hall, R.A. (1953). Haitian Creole: Grammar, Texts, Vocabulary. Menasha, Wisconsin: American Anthropological Association.

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Kreyol

  • 2. Map
  • 3. Introduction Official name: Krey嘆l Creole classification Population of over 7 million
  • 4. Related Languages French (regional and colloquial varieties from 17th and 18th centuries) African language influence Kwa group of West Africa Bantu languages of Central Africa Minimal Amerindian language influence Haiti (Ayiti)Arawak or Carib meaning vast land of mountains Only very few lexical influences
  • 5. Sociolinguistic Background Settlement History Very small aboriginal survival of Spanish rule ~1625 Europeans (French), along with a few African slaves began to settle the area 1664 Louis XIV claimed the West of the island Growth of slave population due to indigo, coffee, sugarcane, tobacco, cotton and cacao industry. Led to classic plantation colony with distinctive Creole culture and Creole language 1697 Spanish recognition of French claim to Saint- Dominigue (Haiti)
  • 6. Sociolinguistic Background Settlement History Slave population 1681~2,000 (approx. 1/3 of total pop.) 1791~700,000 (approx. 92% of total pop.) Haiti became richest French colony providing 1/3 of French foreign trade Struggle for independence had already begun which succeeded in 1803
  • 7. Sociolinguistic Background Sociolinguistic Variation Official languages: French and Haitian Creole All Haitians speak Haitian Creole, but only 10% are considered bilingual in French and H.C. Fluency in French carries higher status Traditional Uses Haitian used in everyday interactions French used in schools, government, official documents, etc. Not allowed to be used for instruction and education until 1979
  • 8. Basic Word Order Follows SVO word order typical of French Passive structure takes on common S- Aux-V-O Only questions divert from French using SVO+rising intonation exclusively
  • 11. Phonological Features Regional variation makes it difficult to standardize a a phonological description... General phonology similar to French 17 consonants (Hall 1953): Bilabial/ Labiodental Dental Palatal or Velar Plosive p b t d k g Fricative or Sibilant f v s z 邸 転 Nasal m n Lateral l Spirant r
  • 12. Phonological Features (Contd) Vowels Front Back Close i u e o 嘆 Open a Other Vowels: [an] manman [n] bnyn [wi] uit
  • 13. Phonological Features (contd) Determiners Unlike French, determiners do not reflect gender Instead, there are several alternants of the determiner /la/: la ~ a ~ an ~ lan ~ nan Form is selected based on phonological environment
  • 14. Syntactic Features Determiners and possessive pronouns occur after the noun: poul ki kouvri pitit li ak-z竪l li chicken REL cover little 3sg with wing 3sg a hen covering her chickens with her wings (Arends et al) d辿ni辿 vwayaj la last trip DET the last trip (Hall 1953)
  • 15. Syntactic Features Personal Pronouns: mwen 1sg nou 1pl & 2pl ou 2sg yo 3pl li 3sg No gender distinction No distinction between 1st person plural & 2nd person plural Used for subject and object
  • 16. Syntactic Features (contd) Present tense to be verb not used Li malad / Li nan jaden an 3sg sick / 3sg in garden DET He is sick / He is in the garden Markers used for other tenses Li te malad / Li te anba tab la 3sg was sick / 3sg was under table DET He was sick / He was under the table (DeGraff)
  • 17. Syntactic Features (contd) Negation French negation: ne ...(verb)... pas Haitian Creole retains pa in negation; however, it functions more like the French ne H.C. Li pa jam tro ta pou chien anraje 3sg NEG ever too late for dog go mad (Arends et al) French Ce n est jamais trop tard pour un chien enrager It NEG is never too late for a dog to go mad Its never too late for a dog to go mad
  • 18. Sources Arends, J. et al. (1995). Pidgins and Creoles: An Introduction. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DeGraff, Michel. Comparativ e Creole Syntax. London, U.K. Westminster Creolistics Series, Battlebridge Publications --Morphology in Creole genesis: Linguistics and ideology. (2001). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Haitians: Their History and Culture. http://www.culturalorientation.net/haiti Hall, R.A. (1953). Haitian Creole: Grammar, Texts, Vocabulary. Menasha, Wisconsin: American Anthropological Association.