The document is a collection of materials for an animal physiology class taught by Putra Santoso. It includes sections on the endocrine system, hormones, and selected questions about endocrinology. There are diagrams of hormone pathways like the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and mechanisms of insulin and glucagon. It also discusses steroid doping in sports, hormone replacement therapy, and hormones in insects like the prothoracicotropic hormone. The document appears to be class materials intended to instruct students and facilitate discussion on endocrinology topics.
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Kuliah Fisiologi Hewan: Sistem endokrin (Ulasan Akhir Diskusi Kelas)
1. Animal Physiology
(By : Putra Santoso)
Animal Physiology by Putra Santoso
(Biology Dept) 2017
2. Physiology of Endocrine System
By: Dr. Putra Santoso
Animal Physiology by Putra Santoso
(Biology Dept) 2017
3. Group
Selected Questions
(Answer it shortly and precisely)
1
The differences and similarities of hormones and enzymes? (at least 5)
Autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine?
2
The action of peptide hormone vs steroid hormone on target cells?
Describe 3 hormones (plus its producer, target cells, and roles) for each type
3
Thyroxine hormone: its action on target cells? Its physiological roles?
Its pathophysiological outcomes (hyper/hyposecretion)?
4
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) ?
Physiological roles of HPA axis? Feedback system of HPA?
5
Insulin vs glucagon : producer, target cells, physiological roles?
Diabetes mellitus vs diabetes insipidus?
How does obesity could lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus?
6
steroid doping in sport : type of hormone, physiological outcomes? Doping test?
Hormone replacement therapy for transgender: type of hormone, physiological
outcomes?
7 ELABELA, ghrelin, nesfatin-1, NPY hormones: Producers, roles, half-life?
8
Hormone in insect Prothoracicotropic (PTH), Juvenil hormone, ecdysone:
physiological roles and pathophysiological outcomes?
Animal Physiology by Putra Santoso
(Biology Dept) 2017
4. Kelompok Pertanyaan (Jawablah dengan disertai gambar/skema!)
1
a. Apa saja perbedaan dan persamaan antara hormon dengan enzim? (min 5)
b. Apa beda antara autokrin, parakrin, dan endokrin? (sertakan gambar!)
2
a. Apa perbedaan mendasar antara mekanisme kerja hormon peptida dengan hormon steroid di sel
target? (Sertakan gambar & contoh satu hormon untuk masing-masing tipe!)
b. Mana yang lebih cepat menimbulkan respon fisiologis, hormon steroid atau hormon peptida?
Mengapa?
3
a. Bagaimana mekanisme aksi kerja hormon tiroksin (T3, T4) pada sel target? Samakah dengan
hormon peptida? (sertakan gambar!)
b. Apa fungsi hormon tiroksin dan apa efeknya jika kelebihan/kekurangan hormon ini dalam tubuh?
4
a. Apa itu Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) ? (sertakan gambar!)
b. Apa peran fisiologis dari HPA axis? Bagaimana mekanisme feedback sistem ini?
5
a. Hormon Insulin vs glucagon : sel penghasil, sel target/tempat kerjanya, mekanisme kerja & fungsi?
b. Apa perbedaan antara diabetes mellitus dengan diabetes insipidus?
6
a. Doping steroid dalam olahraga: apa hormon yang dipakai? Apa efek fisiologisnya? Bagaimana
caranya tes doping bagi atlet?
b. Hormone replacement therapy untuk transgender: apa jenis hormon yang digunakan dan apa efek
fisiologisnya?
7
Hormon ELABELA, ghrelin, nesfatin-1, NPY :
a. Apa sel/organ penghasilnya? Apa peran fisiologisnya?
b. Berapa half-life masing-masing hormon tersebut ?
8
Prothoracicotropic (PTTH), Juvenil hormone, ecdysone:
a. apa organ penghasil dan apa peran fisiologisnya?
b. Apa efeknya jika berlebih atau kurang?
Animal Physiologyje by Putra Santoso
(Biology Dept) 2017
Material Diskusi Per Kelompok Kuliah Fisiologi Hewan
SISTEM ENDOKRIN
7. Animal Physiology by Putra Santoso
(Biology Dept) 2017
Autocrine : NE released from a nerve prevents further
NE release, insulin-like growth factor/ IGF-1 released by the
cells to stimulate themself to proliferate.
Paracrine: histamine release causes local vasodilation,
insulin from beta cell acts on alfa cells in islet of langerhans of
pancreas.
Endocrine: majority the hormones are endocrine, ex.
T3/t4, FSH, LH etc.
37. ELABELA Berperan Dalam
Pembentukan Jantung
Credit: Institute of Medical Biology (IMB-A*STAR, 2013)
Normal Mutant
In mammals
Heart Development in Zebra fish (animal model)
NormalMutant(NoELA)