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L 22- 23 greek architecture - introduction 14th march

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goldi arora

The document provides an overview of Greek architecture and civilization. It discusses the early Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations, then focuses on the architecture of classical Greece from the 8th to 4th centuries BC. It outlines the historical context, including the geography of Greece, the rise of city-states, and the major periods of architecture - Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic. Key aspects covered include the use of stone, classical orders, temple and civic building design, and city planning principles that were introduced.

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ARC 044 History of Architecture Lecture 22 Greek Architecture
Module Outline Lecture Early Greek Period Historical Background Location and period of Greek Social characteristics and beliefs Lecture Architecture of the Civilization Greek Orders Temple Architecture Civic Architecture Lecture Greek City Planning and Design Greek Architecture in Athens Lecture Architectural Characteristics Buildings and other architectural elements Building materials and construction
Module Learning Outcomes What do we expect to learn from the civilization? Stone construction and decoration The introduction of Proportion in Architecture The introduction of the classical orders of architecture Greek architecture of temples and civic buildings Principles of Greek city Planning and Design Opportunities for women Many Read and Write
Early Greek Architecture Minoan and Mycenaean Civilizations
Minoan Civilization (2000-1400) Seafaring Enjoyed a sense of security Prosperous Their writing has not been deciphered On the Island of Crete
Palace of Minos
How the Palace of Minos might have looked:
The Queens Quarters, Palace of Minos Artifacts and religionArtifacts and religion Fertility goddessFertility goddess or priestessor priestess
Mycenaean Civilization (1600-1100) Militant and aggressive Strong Navy Heavily fortified Citadels Royal tombs have treasures 1200 B.C. they attacked Troy TROY
Funerary Mask Royal graves of Mycenae (1500 B.C) Mycenaean Lion Gate
Historical Background Location Greeks lived on rocky mountainous land surrounded by water .The mainland of Greece is a peninsula. Surrounded on three sides by sea. Mountains cover 70 to 80 % of Greece , divide land into many regions. Towards the later or Hellenistic period, Greek civilization spread to other far away places including Asia Minor and Northern Africa Q- What bodies of water surround Greece? Ans - Mediterranean, Ionian, Aegean Seas
Historical Background Location Rocky land , Only 20 to 30 % good for farming . Greeks therefore lived along the coastline or on islands where the soil was good for farming The Aegean and Mediterranean Seas provided a means of communication and trade with other places. Trade brought an alphabet and coins to Greece. Skilled Shipbuilders and sailors . Question ---How did mountains affect the location of Greek settlements? Hint ----Isolated them and developed their own city- states.
Period The period of ancient Greek history can be divided into four as follows: 1100 B. C. 750 B. C. Greek Dark Ages 750 B. C. 500 B. C. Archaic Period 500 B. C. 323 B. C. Classical Period 323 B. C. 147 B. C. Hellenistic Period The classical and archaic period are sometimes collectively referred to as Hellenic period
Period of Greeks Greek Dark Ages (1100-750 BC) The Mycenaean people were Greek in Origin Greek civilization is therefore usually viewed as a continuation of the Mycenaean civilization As Greek people migrated from the mainland, other people from other less prosperous mountain regions of the north migrated to the more fertile coastline regions. They invade the Greek mainland villages and established their rule . Earthquakes destroyed many cities . Greek culture then declined , kept no written records . Period of Warfare and Disorder a period called Dark age
Period Archaic Period - City states (750 - 500 BC) The revival of Greece from the dark ages started during the eight century BC Started to Join together in small groups for protection & stability . These groups set up independent city Polis. City states are cities which are ruled as independent nations The archaic period saw the renewal interest in overseas trading contact
Period Archaic Period (750 - 500 BC) Greek societies that were engaged in trade became rich and by joining with other their neighbors, sometimes forcefully, formed large states Early examples of these city states include Athens, Corinth, Argos, Aegean, Miletus , and Sparta. The archaic period marked the beginnings of Greek monumental stone sculpture and architecture . The rising threat of the Persian Empire marked the end of the Greek archaic period . Plan of Athens
Period Classical period (500 - 323 BC) The Classical period of ancient Greek history occurred between 500 BC, and 323 BC. The period started with the Greek city states coming into conflict with the rising Persian Empire Pericles, the ruler of Athens between 444 and 429 BC became a driving force for the development of temple architecture. Between 431 and 404, Athens entered into a series of wars. with Sparta which left it in ruins. The Macedonian king, Philip rapidly extended Macedonian power and wealth. His son Alexander undertook a lot of military campaigns to extend the Greek empire and founded many new cities. The Death of Alexander marked the end of the classical period of Greece civilization
Period Hellenistic period (323 - 147 BC) The Hellenistic period of ancient Greek civilization started with the death of Alexander in 323 BC When Alexander died, he did not have a heir to inherit him The Greek empire split into smaller states with Alexanders generals as their rulers. The period saw the transplanting of Greek art, Civic Buildings , civic life and culture to newly conquered areas . The Hellenistic period ended in 147 BC, when the Roman Empire conquered Greece and incorporated the city states into it
Religious Belief The ancient Greeks were polytheistic, believing in many different gods and goddesses All aspect of life was under the protection of the gods . All the gods and goddesses had specific roles, controlling one or two major aspects of life . Zeus was, for example, the supreme leader of the gods, Hermes was the messenger of the gods, and Poseidon was the god of the sea. Ancient Greeks believed that religion would make their lives better while they were living and gods would take care of them when they died. Animals were usually sacrificed as a gift to the gods
Place of Worship Temples were the focus of Greek religious worships . Temples were usually built in the cities of the Gods called Acropolis Temples were built in every town and city for one or more god or goddess . The most important task for architects was how to make the temple beautiful. The festivals included plays, music, dancing, and then a parade to the temple where they made sacrifices .

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L 22- 23 greek architecture - introduction 14th march

  • 1. ARC 044 History of Architecture Lecture 22 Greek Architecture
  • 2. Module Outline Lecture Early Greek Period Historical Background Location and period of Greek Social characteristics and beliefs Lecture Architecture of the Civilization Greek Orders Temple Architecture Civic Architecture Lecture Greek City Planning and Design Greek Architecture in Athens Lecture Architectural Characteristics Buildings and other architectural elements Building materials and construction
  • 3. Module Learning Outcomes What do we expect to learn from the civilization? Stone construction and decoration The introduction of Proportion in Architecture The introduction of the classical orders of architecture Greek architecture of temples and civic buildings Principles of Greek city Planning and Design Opportunities for women Many Read and Write
  • 4. Early Greek Architecture Minoan and Mycenaean Civilizations
  • 5. Minoan Civilization (2000-1400) Seafaring Enjoyed a sense of security Prosperous Their writing has not been deciphered On the Island of Crete
  • 7. How the Palace of Minos might have looked:
  • 8. The Queens Quarters, Palace of Minos Artifacts and religionArtifacts and religion Fertility goddessFertility goddess or priestessor priestess
  • 9. Mycenaean Civilization (1600-1100) Militant and aggressive Strong Navy Heavily fortified Citadels Royal tombs have treasures 1200 B.C. they attacked Troy TROY
  • 10. Funerary Mask Royal graves of Mycenae (1500 B.C) Mycenaean Lion Gate
  • 11. Historical Background Location Greeks lived on rocky mountainous land surrounded by water .The mainland of Greece is a peninsula. Surrounded on three sides by sea. Mountains cover 70 to 80 % of Greece , divide land into many regions. Towards the later or Hellenistic period, Greek civilization spread to other far away places including Asia Minor and Northern Africa Q- What bodies of water surround Greece? Ans - Mediterranean, Ionian, Aegean Seas
  • 12. Historical Background Location Rocky land , Only 20 to 30 % good for farming . Greeks therefore lived along the coastline or on islands where the soil was good for farming The Aegean and Mediterranean Seas provided a means of communication and trade with other places. Trade brought an alphabet and coins to Greece. Skilled Shipbuilders and sailors . Question ---How did mountains affect the location of Greek settlements? Hint ----Isolated them and developed their own city- states.
  • 13. Period The period of ancient Greek history can be divided into four as follows: 1100 B. C. 750 B. C. Greek Dark Ages 750 B. C. 500 B. C. Archaic Period 500 B. C. 323 B. C. Classical Period 323 B. C. 147 B. C. Hellenistic Period The classical and archaic period are sometimes collectively referred to as Hellenic period
  • 14. Period of Greeks Greek Dark Ages (1100-750 BC) The Mycenaean people were Greek in Origin Greek civilization is therefore usually viewed as a continuation of the Mycenaean civilization As Greek people migrated from the mainland, other people from other less prosperous mountain regions of the north migrated to the more fertile coastline regions. They invade the Greek mainland villages and established their rule . Earthquakes destroyed many cities . Greek culture then declined , kept no written records . Period of Warfare and Disorder a period called Dark age
  • 15. Period Archaic Period - City states (750 - 500 BC) The revival of Greece from the dark ages started during the eight century BC Started to Join together in small groups for protection & stability . These groups set up independent city Polis. City states are cities which are ruled as independent nations The archaic period saw the renewal interest in overseas trading contact
  • 16. Period Archaic Period (750 - 500 BC) Greek societies that were engaged in trade became rich and by joining with other their neighbors, sometimes forcefully, formed large states Early examples of these city states include Athens, Corinth, Argos, Aegean, Miletus , and Sparta. The archaic period marked the beginnings of Greek monumental stone sculpture and architecture . The rising threat of the Persian Empire marked the end of the Greek archaic period . Plan of Athens
  • 17. Period Classical period (500 - 323 BC) The Classical period of ancient Greek history occurred between 500 BC, and 323 BC. The period started with the Greek city states coming into conflict with the rising Persian Empire Pericles, the ruler of Athens between 444 and 429 BC became a driving force for the development of temple architecture. Between 431 and 404, Athens entered into a series of wars. with Sparta which left it in ruins. The Macedonian king, Philip rapidly extended Macedonian power and wealth. His son Alexander undertook a lot of military campaigns to extend the Greek empire and founded many new cities. The Death of Alexander marked the end of the classical period of Greece civilization
  • 18. Period Hellenistic period (323 - 147 BC) The Hellenistic period of ancient Greek civilization started with the death of Alexander in 323 BC When Alexander died, he did not have a heir to inherit him The Greek empire split into smaller states with Alexanders generals as their rulers. The period saw the transplanting of Greek art, Civic Buildings , civic life and culture to newly conquered areas . The Hellenistic period ended in 147 BC, when the Roman Empire conquered Greece and incorporated the city states into it
  • 19. Religious Belief The ancient Greeks were polytheistic, believing in many different gods and goddesses All aspect of life was under the protection of the gods . All the gods and goddesses had specific roles, controlling one or two major aspects of life . Zeus was, for example, the supreme leader of the gods, Hermes was the messenger of the gods, and Poseidon was the god of the sea. Ancient Greeks believed that religion would make their lives better while they were living and gods would take care of them when they died. Animals were usually sacrificed as a gift to the gods
  • 20. Place of Worship Temples were the focus of Greek religious worships . Temples were usually built in the cities of the Gods called Acropolis Temples were built in every town and city for one or more god or goddess . The most important task for architects was how to make the temple beautiful. The festivals included plays, music, dancing, and then a parade to the temple where they made sacrifices .

Editor's Notes

  1. Made of gold; Agamemnon?