There are two ways to report what someone has said: direct speech and indirect (reported) speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words that were said. Indirect speech does not use quotation marks and reports the general idea without exact words. When changing from direct to indirect speech, pronouns, verb tenses, and time/place expressions may need to change. For example, changing "They are leaving today" to "Sam said that they were leaving the same day."
3. Explication
There are two ways of transporting what another
person has to say in English in a way of direct and
indirect (reported) speech.
By giving information about what people say or think
we direct and indirect (reported) speech.
Direct speech also referred to as quoted speech is when
someone is saying the exact thing that was said by
another person in quotation marks.
Indirect speech which is also called reported speech is
when words are spoken by a person to another person
without using quotation marks and the exact words.
6. Changes
There are three types of changes that occur
Change of pronouns
Verb tenses
Time and adverbial expressions
For example:
Direct- Sam said: They are leaving today.
Indirect- Sam said that they were leaving the same day.