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Language variations based on different parameters kartika ajeng

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Kartika Anggraeni
Kartika Anggraeni

This document discusses various parameters that can cause language variations, including geographical location, different social domains, range of speakers' competence, social segregation, first language background diversity, gender, academic disciplines, and accessibility to speakers. Some key examples provided include different dialects across US regions, workplace versus home versus school language, code switching, non-standard versus standard English, pidgin and creole languages, gender-specific versus neutral language, academic jargon, and secret codes like Pig Latin versus open codes.

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Language Variations based on different parameters Kartika Ajeng Anggraeni NIM. 130221810442
1. Geographical Location South midland Southern Virginia (eastern), North Carolina (eastern) South Carolina, Georgia-Florida, MississippiGulf (including Alabama, Louisiana, eastern Texas, western Tennessee, western Kentucky), West Texas find,mind /ai/ due,Tuesday /u:/ Appalachia (western Virginia, West Virginia, eastern Kentucky, eastern Tennessee), Arkansas-Oklahoma find,mind /脱:/ due,Tuesday /yu:/ http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/dialectsofenglish.html
Soft drink Boston tonic Northern and North Midland, east of the Susquehanna soda Northern and North Midland, west of the Susquehanna pop South and South Midland cold drink http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/dialectsofenglish.html
2. Different Social Domains Family School Workplace
Language at work Eddie: Janice: Eddie: Janice: Eddie: Janice: Eddie: What are the chances of getting a raise this year? Chances are slim! Wow! You haven't gotten a raise for how many years now? (Heave a sigh). It's been three years! The company keeps losing money and they can't afford to give anyone a raise. That's too bad. Did you ever think of working somewhere else? Yeah. In fact, I have an interview next Monday. Good luck! http://www.focusenglish.com/dialogues/work/workindex.html
Language at school Gopal The man Gopal The man Gopal The man Gopal : May I come in, sir? : Yes, of course. What do you want? : Sir, May I get an application form for scholarship? : We have not yet received them from the office. You may come after a week. : But my parents are leaving for Vacation in two days. : In that case you might try to get it from the office. : Thank you, sir. http://englishconversationsite.com/tag/conversation-in-school/
Language at home Rahul : Good morning! Mom. Sarika : Good morning! Go and brush your teeth. Rahul : I will be in few minutes. Sarika : Where is Harini? Rahul : I am brushing my teeth. Sarika : That's good. Let me prepare coffee. Kamal : Have you done your home work? Rahul : I have to do my chemistry record. Kamal : Do it immediately. Rahul : I will finish it with it 15minutes. http://www.english-for-students.com/Live-English-Conversations-2.html
3. Range of Speakers Competence Code switching/mixing In Assyrian-English switching one could say, "Ani wideili. What happened?" ("Those, I did them. What happened?"). In Swahili-English, people can say: Ulikuwa ukiongea a lot of nonsense. ( "You were talking a lot of nonsense." ) In Bahasa Indonesia, we often heard people say: Masalah ini hanya bisa di handle oleh orangorang yang menguasai bidangnya. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code-switching
4. Social Segregation Non-standard English Standard English I done it yesterday. He aint got it I did it yesterday He hasnt got it.
5. L1 Background Diversity Pidgin Examples of the Hawaiian Pidgin "Inside dirt and cover and blanket, finish it means "They put the body in the ground and covered it with a blanket and that's all." Creole Examples of the Hawaiian Creole "Da firs Japani came ran away from japan come. it means 'The first Japanese who arrived ran away from Japan to here.' http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~swinters/371/Hawaiian.html
6. Gender Mens talk Womens talk swear more, don't talk about emotions, talk about sport more, talk about women and machines in the same way, insult each other frequently, are competitive in conversation, dominate conversation, speak with more authority, give more commands. Use non-standard language e.g. they dont say nothing talk more than men, talk too much, are more polite, are indecisive/hesitant, complain and nag, ask more questions, support each other, are more cooperative. Use hedges e.g. Its sort of hot; Id kind of like to go Gender language Gender-specific language: fireman, stewardess, chairman Gender-neutral language: firefighter, flight attendant and chairperson http://www.ucc.ie/publications/heeu/womenstf/3_conrick.htm
7. Academic Disciplines Register Jargon Jargon I should be grateful if you would make less noise. Please be quiet. Shut up! Get our ducks in a row = Order and organize everything efficiently and effectively Boil the ocean = To attempt to do something that is impossible Hard copy - A physical print-out of a document rather than an electronic copy No call, no show An individual who neither shows up for the day nor calls in with a reason Hammer it out To type something up (Jean Aitchison, Teach Yourself Linguistics. Hodder, 2003) http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-jargon-in-the-workplace.html
8. Accessibility to Speakers Open Codes Secret Codes ASAP means as soon as possible Pig Latin Argot
Pig latin (Languages) a secret language used by children in which any consonants at the beginning of a word are placed at the end, followed by -ay; http://www.thefreedictionary.com/argot
Argot (English pronunciation: / r鼻o/; from French argot [a slang) is 鼻o] a secret language used by various groups e.g. schoolmates, outlaws, colleagues, among many others to prevent outsiders from understanding their conversations. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/argot
Language variations based on different parameters kartika ajeng

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Language variations based on different parameters kartika ajeng

  • 1. Language Variations based on different parameters Kartika Ajeng Anggraeni NIM. 130221810442
  • 2. 1. Geographical Location South midland Southern Virginia (eastern), North Carolina (eastern) South Carolina, Georgia-Florida, MississippiGulf (including Alabama, Louisiana, eastern Texas, western Tennessee, western Kentucky), West Texas find,mind /ai/ due,Tuesday /u:/ Appalachia (western Virginia, West Virginia, eastern Kentucky, eastern Tennessee), Arkansas-Oklahoma find,mind /脱:/ due,Tuesday /yu:/ http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/dialectsofenglish.html
  • 3. Soft drink Boston tonic Northern and North Midland, east of the Susquehanna soda Northern and North Midland, west of the Susquehanna pop South and South Midland cold drink http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/dialectsofenglish.html
  • 4. 2. Different Social Domains Family School Workplace
  • 5. Language at work Eddie: Janice: Eddie: Janice: Eddie: Janice: Eddie: What are the chances of getting a raise this year? Chances are slim! Wow! You haven't gotten a raise for how many years now? (Heave a sigh). It's been three years! The company keeps losing money and they can't afford to give anyone a raise. That's too bad. Did you ever think of working somewhere else? Yeah. In fact, I have an interview next Monday. Good luck! http://www.focusenglish.com/dialogues/work/workindex.html
  • 6. Language at school Gopal The man Gopal The man Gopal The man Gopal : May I come in, sir? : Yes, of course. What do you want? : Sir, May I get an application form for scholarship? : We have not yet received them from the office. You may come after a week. : But my parents are leaving for Vacation in two days. : In that case you might try to get it from the office. : Thank you, sir. http://englishconversationsite.com/tag/conversation-in-school/
  • 7. Language at home Rahul : Good morning! Mom. Sarika : Good morning! Go and brush your teeth. Rahul : I will be in few minutes. Sarika : Where is Harini? Rahul : I am brushing my teeth. Sarika : That's good. Let me prepare coffee. Kamal : Have you done your home work? Rahul : I have to do my chemistry record. Kamal : Do it immediately. Rahul : I will finish it with it 15minutes. http://www.english-for-students.com/Live-English-Conversations-2.html
  • 8. 3. Range of Speakers Competence Code switching/mixing In Assyrian-English switching one could say, "Ani wideili. What happened?" ("Those, I did them. What happened?"). In Swahili-English, people can say: Ulikuwa ukiongea a lot of nonsense. ( "You were talking a lot of nonsense." ) In Bahasa Indonesia, we often heard people say: Masalah ini hanya bisa di handle oleh orangorang yang menguasai bidangnya. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code-switching
  • 9. 4. Social Segregation Non-standard English Standard English I done it yesterday. He aint got it I did it yesterday He hasnt got it.
  • 10. 5. L1 Background Diversity Pidgin Examples of the Hawaiian Pidgin "Inside dirt and cover and blanket, finish it means "They put the body in the ground and covered it with a blanket and that's all." Creole Examples of the Hawaiian Creole "Da firs Japani came ran away from japan come. it means 'The first Japanese who arrived ran away from Japan to here.' http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~swinters/371/Hawaiian.html
  • 11. 6. Gender Mens talk Womens talk swear more, don't talk about emotions, talk about sport more, talk about women and machines in the same way, insult each other frequently, are competitive in conversation, dominate conversation, speak with more authority, give more commands. Use non-standard language e.g. they dont say nothing talk more than men, talk too much, are more polite, are indecisive/hesitant, complain and nag, ask more questions, support each other, are more cooperative. Use hedges e.g. Its sort of hot; Id kind of like to go Gender language Gender-specific language: fireman, stewardess, chairman Gender-neutral language: firefighter, flight attendant and chairperson http://www.ucc.ie/publications/heeu/womenstf/3_conrick.htm
  • 12. 7. Academic Disciplines Register Jargon Jargon I should be grateful if you would make less noise. Please be quiet. Shut up! Get our ducks in a row = Order and organize everything efficiently and effectively Boil the ocean = To attempt to do something that is impossible Hard copy - A physical print-out of a document rather than an electronic copy No call, no show An individual who neither shows up for the day nor calls in with a reason Hammer it out To type something up (Jean Aitchison, Teach Yourself Linguistics. Hodder, 2003) http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-jargon-in-the-workplace.html
  • 13. 8. Accessibility to Speakers Open Codes Secret Codes ASAP means as soon as possible Pig Latin Argot
  • 14. Pig latin (Languages) a secret language used by children in which any consonants at the beginning of a word are placed at the end, followed by -ay; http://www.thefreedictionary.com/argot
  • 15. Argot (English pronunciation: / r鼻o/; from French argot [a slang) is 鼻o] a secret language used by various groups e.g. schoolmates, outlaws, colleagues, among many others to prevent outsiders from understanding their conversations. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/argot