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Lathe machine

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Lathes are machines that remove metal from a workpiece to shape it. There are many types of lathes including engine, turret, and CNC lathes. A lathe consists of a bed, headstock, carriage, apron, tailstock, and other components. It performs operations like turning, facing, boring, drilling, tapering, and thread cutting. The document provides details on the components, types, operations, and accessories of lathe machines.

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PRESENTATION ON LATHE MACHINE
PRINCIPLE OF LATHE Lathe is a machine, which is used to remove metal from the workpiece to required shape and size.
COMPONENTS OF LATHE
TYPES OF LATHES Speed Lathe : It is the simplest type lathe. It is mainly used for metal spinning, polishing etc. Bench Lathe : It is small sized engine lathe mounted on bench. It is used for turning small and light weight workpiece. Tool Room Lathe : It is used for production of small tools, gauges, fixtures and accurate parts in tool room.
Turret Lathe : These lathes are used in mass production and for heavy duty workpieces. Capsten Lathe : These lathes are used in mass production used for light duty workpieces. Special Purpose Lathe : These lathes are modification of engine lathes developed for machining special types of workpices.
Automatic Lathe Engine Lathe Tracer Lathe Computer Controlled lathe Swiss Type Automatic Lathe Duplicating Lathe
COMPUTER NUMERICALLY CONTROLLED LATHE Computer Numerical Controls (CNC) Equipped with one or more turrets Each turret is equipped with a variety of tools Performs several operations on different surfaces of the workpiece
TURRET LATHE Capable of performing multiple cutting operations on the same workpiece Turning Boring Drilling Thread cutting Facing Turret lathes are very versatile Types of turret lathes Ram-type: ram slides in a separate base on the saddle Saddle type: more heavily constructed Used to machine large workpeiceces
ENGINE LATHE
BENCH LATHE AUTOMATIC LATHE
PARTS OF LATHE Bed : Supports all major components Carriage: 際際滷s along the ways and consists of the cross-slide, tool post, apron Headstock : Holds the jaws for the work piece, supplies power to the jaws and has various drive speeds Tailstock : Supports the other end of the workpiece Feed Rod and Lead Screw : Feed rod is powered by a set of gears from the headstock
LATHE BED Heavy, rugged casting Made to support working parts of lathe On top section are machined ways Guide and align major parts of lathe
HEADSTOCK Clamped on left-hand end of bed Headstock spindle Hollow cylindrical shaft supported by bearings Provides drive through gears to work-holding devices
CARRIAGE Used to move cutting tool along lathe bed Consists of three main parts Saddle Cross-slide Apron
APRON
16 TAILSTOCK
ACCESSORIES Chucks : Three jaw chuck Four jaw chuck Collet chuck Centres: Live centre Dead centre Tipped centre Ball centre Mandrels : Plain mandrel Stepped mandrel Collared mandrel Screwed mandrel
Chucks : Three Jaw Chuck (Self Centering Chuck) : This chuck is used to hold circular workpiece and is available in sizes from 100mm to 600 mm. Four Jaw Chuck (Independent Chuck) : It is used to hold rectangular, sqare and irregular shaped workpieces . ACCESSORIES
Collet Chuck : Pull poerating rod Push poerating rod It is ideal for holding tube and thin walled workpieces.
Centres: Live Centre Dead Centre Ball Centre Pipe Centre Half Centre Tipped Centre
Mandrels : Plain Mandrel Collared Mandrel Screwed Mnadrel Stepped Mandrel
LATHE OPERATIONS
Turing Facing Boring Drilling Taper Camfering Grooving Forming Reaming Undercutting Thread cutting Knurling LATHE OPERATIONS
BORING Boring produces circular internal profiles in hollow workpieces Boring mills are used for large workpieces Holes can be bored up to 20M if needed See fig. 22.20 Machines are available with a variety of features Horizontal boring machines Jig borers
TURNING Forces in turning Cutting force: acts downward on the tool tip Thrust force: acts in the longitudinal direction Radial force: acts in the radial direction Roughing and Finishing Cuts Rough cut: high speed cut with little regard for dimensional tolerance Finishing cut: lower feed rate and depth of cut Tool Materials, Feeds, and Cutting Speeds Cutting Fluids
CONCEPT OF SPEED, FEED AND DEPTH OF CUT Cutting speed=dn mm/min 1000 Feed : It is expressed in mm/rev Depth of cut : t=D-d mm 2
SINGLE POINT CUTTING TOOL GEOMETRY Clearance Rake End cutting edge angle Side cutting edge angle

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Lathe machine

  • 2. PRINCIPLE OF LATHE Lathe is a machine, which is used to remove metal from the workpiece to required shape and size.
  • 4. TYPES OF LATHES Speed Lathe : It is the simplest type lathe. It is mainly used for metal spinning, polishing etc. Bench Lathe : It is small sized engine lathe mounted on bench. It is used for turning small and light weight workpiece. Tool Room Lathe : It is used for production of small tools, gauges, fixtures and accurate parts in tool room.
  • 5. Turret Lathe : These lathes are used in mass production and for heavy duty workpieces. Capsten Lathe : These lathes are used in mass production used for light duty workpieces. Special Purpose Lathe : These lathes are modification of engine lathes developed for machining special types of workpices.
  • 6. Automatic Lathe Engine Lathe Tracer Lathe Computer Controlled lathe Swiss Type Automatic Lathe Duplicating Lathe
  • 7. COMPUTER NUMERICALLY CONTROLLED LATHE Computer Numerical Controls (CNC) Equipped with one or more turrets Each turret is equipped with a variety of tools Performs several operations on different surfaces of the workpiece
  • 8. TURRET LATHE Capable of performing multiple cutting operations on the same workpiece Turning Boring Drilling Thread cutting Facing Turret lathes are very versatile Types of turret lathes Ram-type: ram slides in a separate base on the saddle Saddle type: more heavily constructed Used to machine large workpeiceces
  • 11. PARTS OF LATHE Bed : Supports all major components Carriage: 際際滷s along the ways and consists of the cross-slide, tool post, apron Headstock : Holds the jaws for the work piece, supplies power to the jaws and has various drive speeds Tailstock : Supports the other end of the workpiece Feed Rod and Lead Screw : Feed rod is powered by a set of gears from the headstock
  • 12. LATHE BED Heavy, rugged casting Made to support working parts of lathe On top section are machined ways Guide and align major parts of lathe
  • 13. HEADSTOCK Clamped on left-hand end of bed Headstock spindle Hollow cylindrical shaft supported by bearings Provides drive through gears to work-holding devices
  • 14. CARRIAGE Used to move cutting tool along lathe bed Consists of three main parts Saddle Cross-slide Apron
  • 15. APRON
  • 17. ACCESSORIES Chucks : Three jaw chuck Four jaw chuck Collet chuck Centres: Live centre Dead centre Tipped centre Ball centre Mandrels : Plain mandrel Stepped mandrel Collared mandrel Screwed mandrel
  • 18. Chucks : Three Jaw Chuck (Self Centering Chuck) : This chuck is used to hold circular workpiece and is available in sizes from 100mm to 600 mm. Four Jaw Chuck (Independent Chuck) : It is used to hold rectangular, sqare and irregular shaped workpieces . ACCESSORIES
  • 19. Collet Chuck : Pull poerating rod Push poerating rod It is ideal for holding tube and thin walled workpieces.
  • 20. Centres: Live Centre Dead Centre Ball Centre Pipe Centre Half Centre Tipped Centre
  • 21. Mandrels : Plain Mandrel Collared Mandrel Screwed Mnadrel Stepped Mandrel
  • 24. BORING Boring produces circular internal profiles in hollow workpieces Boring mills are used for large workpieces Holes can be bored up to 20M if needed See fig. 22.20 Machines are available with a variety of features Horizontal boring machines Jig borers
  • 25. TURNING Forces in turning Cutting force: acts downward on the tool tip Thrust force: acts in the longitudinal direction Radial force: acts in the radial direction Roughing and Finishing Cuts Rough cut: high speed cut with little regard for dimensional tolerance Finishing cut: lower feed rate and depth of cut Tool Materials, Feeds, and Cutting Speeds Cutting Fluids
  • 26. CONCEPT OF SPEED, FEED AND DEPTH OF CUT Cutting speed=dn mm/min 1000 Feed : It is expressed in mm/rev Depth of cut : t=D-d mm 2
  • 27. SINGLE POINT CUTTING TOOL GEOMETRY Clearance Rake End cutting edge angle Side cutting edge angle