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Latin root word list
- 1. Root Word List One of the most difficult things about studying science (especially biology and medicine) is the many names and terms that seem difficult. Most of them are based on Latin or Greek words. By using the following glossary you may be able to figure the meaning of many of these terms as you come across them, which might help you to understand them and learn them. Keep this packet in your science notebook. A carcin- tumor a- or an- without, lack of, not cardi- heart ab- away from carn- flesh acro- height, extremity carp- (-carp) wrist (fruit) acu- needle, sharp cata- down ad- toward, near, on cauda- stem aer-, aero- air caus- burn albu- white -cele tumor or swelling alg-, -algia pain -centesis puncture, tap allo- different centi- hundredth alveol- a cavity centri- center; at the center ambi-, amphi- both cephal- head amyl- starch cereb-, cerebro- brain ana- up, back, or apart cervic- neck anemo wind, moving air chiasm- marked crosswise angio- vessel, case, closed chel- claw annel ring chemo- by chemicals antho-, -anth flower chlor- green anthro-, anthropo- human choano- a funnel anti- against, opposed to chole- bile ante-, antero- before, forward chondro- cartilage apo- away from, separation chord string aqua water chrom-, chromat- color arachn- spider chym- juice arch-, archaeo- ancient, beginning -cide kill, destroy arthro- joint, jointed cilia- hair arteri- artery circum- around -ase an enzyme cocco- berry -asis, -osis state of, condition of cochl- snail aster, astro- star coelo-, celo- hollow, cavity atmo- breath coit- a coming together audi-, audio- hear coll- glue auto- self co-, con-, com-, co- with, together aux- grow, enlarge contra- against, opposite corpor-, corpus body cost ribs B cotyl cup cranio- head, skull bac- rod, stick crypto- hidden bentho- depths (of the sea) -cule little bi-, bis- double, twice, two cuti- skin bio- life cyan- blue blasto-, -blast germ cyclo- circle blephero- eyelid cysto-, cyst- bag bot- graze, feed cyt-, cyto-, -cyte cell brachi- arm brady- slow brevi- short D bronchi windpipe bry-, bryo moss or grow dactyl- finger de- away from, down from deca- ten C deci- tenth deutero- second capi-, capit- hair, head demi- half calor- heat demo- people capsa- a box dendr- tree carb- coal
- 2. dent-, -dont teeth gon- sex or seed derm, dermat- skin -graph, -gram writing, description -desma- band, bond gymn- naked dextro right (not left, that is) gyn- female di-, diplo-, dicho- double, two dia- through dino- terrible H dis- apart, reversal OR bad dors- back hapl- single duct lead helic- a spiral -dynia pain helminth type of worm dys- bad, difficult, painful hemi- half hem-, hemat- blood hepat- liver E herb- non-woody plant hetero- unlike; other e-, ex-, ec- out, away from hiberna- winter echino- spiny histo- tissue eco-, oeco- house homo-, homeo- similar OR man ecto- outside homin- man -elle small hormono- excite em-, en- in, into hydro- water OR hydrogen -emia blood condition hyper- over, above, excessive enanti- opposite hypo- under, below encephalo- brain hystero-, hyst- uterus endo- within enter- intestine epi- upon, on, beside I equi- equal ergo-, -rgy energy OR organ ichthy- fish erythr- red idio- distinct one ex-, extra- outside, beyond im-, in-, into, in (OR without) eu- true, good immuno- safe, free infra- below, beneath insula island F intra- within inter between -fer, -ferent carry or bear -ism condition, doctrine ferro- iron iso- equal, same fibr- fibers -ist one who… fiss- split -ite like, similar to flagel- whip -itis inflamed condition flex- bend -ize combine with; to treat flu-, flux flow foli- (with 1 L) plant, leaf folli- (with 2 L’s) bag, sac J&K for- before -form shaped like juxta-, junct near -fuge expelling -karyo nucleus fusi- a spindle kilo- 1000 kino-, kine-, kinesio- move G L gameto- reproductive cell -gamy marriage labi- lips ganglio- knot lact- milk gastro- stomach lamin- sheet, layer gen-, -gen, -genesis to produce; born; offspring laryng- larynx geo- earth later- side germ seed lepido- a scale gest carried leuco-, leuk-, leuko- white -glia glue liga- bind glob ball lingua tongue glosso-, -glotti tongue lipo- fat gluc-, glyc- sugar, sweet -lith stone gnath the jaw limn- a lake
- 3. littor- the seashore oo- egg loco-, loca- place op-, opto-, opthalmo- eye -logy study of opercul- a covering, lid lopho- a crest, tuft oro-, ora-, os mouth lyso-, -lyte, -lysis, lyto- breakdown, dissolve ortho- straight -osis disease, condition os-, osteo- bone M -ostomy, -otomy to make an opening into oscul- a little mouth macro- big, large ot-, oto- ear magna- great, large -ous full of; similar to mal- bad, poor ovi-, ova- egg -malacia softening mamm-, mast- breast -mania madness P marsupi- bag, pouch med-, medio- middle paleo- ancient medulla marrow -palp lip mega large palpit- flutter megaly enlargement pan- all meio- less para- beside, beyond; or, against mela-, melano- black par-, paro, -parous to bear, to bring forth mer part path, patho disease, suffer meri-, meristo- divide ped- foot (or child, sometimes) meso- middle paed, paedo- child meta- beyond/after OR change pelag- the sea meter measure -penia decrease mito- thread per- by, with micro- small perfora- bore through mono- one peri- around morph form phago-, -phage eat multi- many -phas- speak muta- change pheno- appear myco fungus -phil-, attraction to, love myelo- spinal cord or bone marrow phleb, phlebo- vein myo- muscle -phobia fear phone sound -phore carry, bearer N photo- light phre- diaphragm OR mind narco- stupor, numbness phyll (2 L’s) leaf naso- nose phylo- (1 L) tribe necro- death phyto-, -phyte plant nemato thread pil-, pilo-, pillo- hair neo new pino- drink neph-, nephro- kidney placo- a plate neuro- nerve plankt-, wandering neutro- neither plas-, -plasia, plasm form, grow nitro- nitrogen -plasty repair, reconstruction noci- harm platy flat, broad nocti- night -plegia paralyze nomo-, -nomy name pleio- more non- not pluri- many noto- back pne-, pneu- breath nucleo- walnut, kernel pneumo- lung, air pod-, podi- foot poie- make poly- many O pom apple -pore, poro- passage ob- against post- after, behind oculo- eye -potent- powerful -oid, -ous, -ode like, full of, resembling pre-, pro- before, in front of, forward oligo- few procto- anus olfact- smell proto- first -oma tumor pseudo- false omni- all
- 4. psych- mind thio- sulfur -pter- wing thorac- chest -ptosis fall, drop thrombo- a clot pulmo- lung thylaco- sac, pouch pyo- pus thyro- oval shield pyro- fire, fever -tion process of -tom, -tomy cutting topo- place Q&R toti- all toxi poison quad, quadri- four trache- windpipe radio- wheel, spoke, ray trans- across, through, beyond re- back, again tri- three ren- kidneys trocho- a wheel retro- backward, located behind tropo-, -trope, -trophy nutrition, growth; or, turning -rhea discharge tympan drum rhin-, rhino- nose turg- swollen rhizo- root U S ultra- beyond, excess un- not, back sacchar- sugar uni- one salta- leap ur- earliest sapiens thinking uro-, -uria tail (or urine) sapro- rotten -saur- lizard schiz- split V sclero- hard vacci- cow scolio- twisted vacu- empty -scope examine; to show vario change sect- cut vas, vaso- vessel, duct, vein semen, semin seed ven- vein semi- half ventr- stomach septic rotted vermi worm -simi- an ape vert- to change or turn soma-, somato-, -some body vestigi- trace soph wisdom/knowledge viru slime, ooze -spasm to cramp or convulse virul- poisonous speci- type vis-, vid- see sperm, spermato- seed viv, vivi- living spiro-, spira- breathe vort-, -volv to change or turn spleno- spleen -vore, -vorous eat sporo- seed stamen threads -stasis, -stat, stato- standing, stoppage, balance X&Z steno- narrow xantho- yellow stimul tease, touch xero- dry -stom- mouth xylo phone sub- rear, less than, below zona- a belt super-, supra- above or excessive zoo- animal sym-, syn- similar, with zygo- united or yolk zyme ferment, leaven T tachy fast tars ankle, foot Extras taxo- arrangement tele-, telo- end ten to hold fast teno-, tendo- stretching tetan spasm tetra- four therap- treatment -therm, thermo- heat thigmo- a touch