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Lead toxicity

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Lead is a toxic heavy metal found naturally in the environment and used in some products. It can harm humans and animals if ingested or inhaled. Children are especially vulnerable to lead toxicity, which can lower IQ and cause learning and behavioral problems. Pregnant women are also at risk because lead exposure can harm fetal development. Common sources of lead exposure include lead-based paint, contaminated soil, water pipes, and some folk remedies. Symptoms range from abdominal pain and fatigue at low levels to seizures and coma at very high levels. Treatment involves chelation therapy or surgery to remove lead from the body.

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Lead Toxicity By Yasmin A. badi Collage of pharmacy Bahgdad Universty
What is Lead? Lead is a heavy metal that is present at low levels in the earth’s crust but has become pervasive in the environment because of its use in products such as gasoline, paint, jewelry, water pipes, lead solder, and lead- acid batteries. While it has some beneficial uses, it can be toxic to humans and animals, causing health effects. The International Programme on Chemical Safety of the World Health Organization (WHO) has identified lead as one of the 10 chemicals of major public health concern.
Sources of Lead Exposure Work environment Soil Ceramics Folk remedies Lead solder Drinking water Fishing tackle Costume/toy jewelry Curtain weights Artist oil paint Vinyl miniblinds Pool cue chalk Antique toys Glassware (leaded crystal) Kohl
Lead toxicity
Who is at Risk? Children 1-Lead is particularly dangerous to children because their growing bodies absorb more lead than adults do and their brains and nervous systems are more sensitive to the damaging effects of lead. 2- Babies and young children can also be more highly exposed to lead because they often put their hands and other objects that can have lead from dust or soil on them into their mouths. 3- Children may also be exposed to lead by eating and drinking food or water containing lead or from dishes or glasses that contain lead, inhaling lead dust from lead-based paint or lead-contaminated soil or from playing with toys with lead paint.
Adults, Including Pregnant Women Adults may be exposed to lead by eating and drinking food or water containing lead or from dishes or glasses that contain lead. They may also breath lead dust by spending time in areas where lead-based paint is deteriorating, and during renovation or repair work that disturbs painted surfaces in older homes and buildings. Working in a job or engaging in hobbies where lead is used, such as making stained glass, can increase exposure as can certain folk remedies containing lead. A pregnant woman’s exposure to lead from these sources is of particular concern because it can result in exposure to her developing baby
So the route of exposure is : 1- inhalation (most rapid) 2- ingestion (absorption is facilitated by young age and diet deficient in calcium, iron, and /or zinc) . 3-Transdermal (least efficient , but organic inorganic absorption<absorption
Signs and symptoms : Severe (whole blood lead level (BLL) >100-150 mg/dl) -encephalopathy (i.e., coma , seizures ,delirium , signs of increase ICP) -foot/wrist droop -abdominal pain (lead colic) -vomiting -anemia -nephropathy
Lead toxicity
Moderate (BLL >80 mg /dl ) -headache -memory loss -fatigue -irritability -insomnia -decreas in libido -muscle pain/weakness -abdominal pain -anorexia -weight loss -nephropathy(if chronic exposure) -mild anemia .
Mild (BLL > 40 mg/dl ) -fatigue -moodiness -hypertention -dcreas in interest in everyday activities .
Lead toxicity
The Health Effects of Lead on Children and Pregnant Women Children six years old and younger are most susceptible to the effects of lead. Children Even low levels of lead in the blood of children can result in: Behavior and learning problems Lower IQ and Hyperactivity Slowed growth Hearing Problems Anemia In rare cases, ingestion of lead can cause seizures, coma and even death.
Pregnant Women Lead can accumulate in our bodies over time, where it is stored in bones along with calcium. During pregnancy, lead is released from the mother's bones along with calcium and can pass from the mother exposing the fetus or the breastfeeding infant to lead. This can result in serious effects to the developing fetus and infant, including: Cause the baby to be born too early or too small; Hurt the baby’s brain, kidney’s, and nervous system; Increase the likelihood of learning or behavioral problems; and Put the mother at risk for miscarriage.
Mechanisms of Toxicity Lead exerts numerous adverse mechanisms of toxicity. 1-Lead has a high affinity for sulfhydryl groups which interfer with enzymes and stratural proteins . 2-Many of lead’s toxic effects also result from its inhibition of cellular function requiring calcium(lead is chemically resembles calciume) Lead binds to calcium-activated proteins with much higher (105 times) affinity than calcium. So interfer with calicume homeostasis and calicume-dependent signaling and metabolic bathways .
Treatment 1-Tow options are available, Chelation with (CaNa2 EDTA) and dimercaprol (BAL) for sever poisoning wit encephalopathy or with succimer (DMSA) PO for patients able to tolerate oral medication . 2- Whole bowle irrigation with polyethyline glycol if lead foreigen bodies can be visulalized in the GIT on radiograph . 3- endoscopic removal is indicated if the lead is in the stomach or esophagus 4-surgiacl removal is indicated if the lead object poses the threat of prolonged retention .
Refrances 1- Toxicology Recall by christopher P. Holstege . 2-medscape 3- EPA

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Lead toxicity

  • 1. Lead Toxicity By Yasmin A. badi Collage of pharmacy Bahgdad Universty
  • 2. What is Lead? Lead is a heavy metal that is present at low levels in the earth’s crust but has become pervasive in the environment because of its use in products such as gasoline, paint, jewelry, water pipes, lead solder, and lead- acid batteries. While it has some beneficial uses, it can be toxic to humans and animals, causing health effects. The International Programme on Chemical Safety of the World Health Organization (WHO) has identified lead as one of the 10 chemicals of major public health concern.
  • 3. Sources of Lead Exposure Work environment Soil Ceramics Folk remedies Lead solder Drinking water Fishing tackle Costume/toy jewelry Curtain weights Artist oil paint Vinyl miniblinds Pool cue chalk Antique toys Glassware (leaded crystal) Kohl
  • 5. Who is at Risk? Children 1-Lead is particularly dangerous to children because their growing bodies absorb more lead than adults do and their brains and nervous systems are more sensitive to the damaging effects of lead. 2- Babies and young children can also be more highly exposed to lead because they often put their hands and other objects that can have lead from dust or soil on them into their mouths. 3- Children may also be exposed to lead by eating and drinking food or water containing lead or from dishes or glasses that contain lead, inhaling lead dust from lead-based paint or lead-contaminated soil or from playing with toys with lead paint.
  • 6. Adults, Including Pregnant Women Adults may be exposed to lead by eating and drinking food or water containing lead or from dishes or glasses that contain lead. They may also breath lead dust by spending time in areas where lead-based paint is deteriorating, and during renovation or repair work that disturbs painted surfaces in older homes and buildings. Working in a job or engaging in hobbies where lead is used, such as making stained glass, can increase exposure as can certain folk remedies containing lead. A pregnant woman’s exposure to lead from these sources is of particular concern because it can result in exposure to her developing baby
  • 7. So the route of exposure is : 1- inhalation (most rapid) 2- ingestion (absorption is facilitated by young age and diet deficient in calcium, iron, and /or zinc) . 3-Transdermal (least efficient , but organic inorganic absorption<absorption
  • 8. Signs and symptoms : Severe (whole blood lead level (BLL) >100-150 mg/dl) -encephalopathy (i.e., coma , seizures ,delirium , signs of increase ICP) -foot/wrist droop -abdominal pain (lead colic) -vomiting -anemia -nephropathy
  • 10. Moderate (BLL >80 mg /dl ) -headache -memory loss -fatigue -irritability -insomnia -decreas in libido -muscle pain/weakness -abdominal pain -anorexia -weight loss -nephropathy(if chronic exposure) -mild anemia .
  • 11. Mild (BLL > 40 mg/dl ) -fatigue -moodiness -hypertention -dcreas in interest in everyday activities .
  • 13. The Health Effects of Lead on Children and Pregnant Women Children six years old and younger are most susceptible to the effects of lead. Children Even low levels of lead in the blood of children can result in: Behavior and learning problems Lower IQ and Hyperactivity Slowed growth Hearing Problems Anemia In rare cases, ingestion of lead can cause seizures, coma and even death.
  • 14. Pregnant Women Lead can accumulate in our bodies over time, where it is stored in bones along with calcium. During pregnancy, lead is released from the mother's bones along with calcium and can pass from the mother exposing the fetus or the breastfeeding infant to lead. This can result in serious effects to the developing fetus and infant, including: Cause the baby to be born too early or too small; Hurt the baby’s brain, kidney’s, and nervous system; Increase the likelihood of learning or behavioral problems; and Put the mother at risk for miscarriage.
  • 15. Mechanisms of Toxicity Lead exerts numerous adverse mechanisms of toxicity. 1-Lead has a high affinity for sulfhydryl groups which interfer with enzymes and stratural proteins . 2-Many of lead’s toxic effects also result from its inhibition of cellular function requiring calcium(lead is chemically resembles calciume) Lead binds to calcium-activated proteins with much higher (105 times) affinity than calcium. So interfer with calicume homeostasis and calicume-dependent signaling and metabolic bathways .
  • 16. Treatment 1-Tow options are available, Chelation with (CaNa2 EDTA) and dimercaprol (BAL) for sever poisoning wit encephalopathy or with succimer (DMSA) PO for patients able to tolerate oral medication . 2- Whole bowle irrigation with polyethyline glycol if lead foreigen bodies can be visulalized in the GIT on radiograph . 3- endoscopic removal is indicated if the lead is in the stomach or esophagus 4-surgiacl removal is indicated if the lead object poses the threat of prolonged retention .
  • 17. Refrances 1- Toxicology Recall by christopher P. Holstege . 2-medscape 3- EPA