Lec. 34 Classification of class Insecta upto Orders.ppt
- 1. R K PANSE Assistant Professor Entomology
- 3. Acrididae: Short horned grasshopper Antennae filiform shorter than the body with less than 30 segments Pronotum saddle shaped Hind legs modified for jumping. Tarsus 3 segmented. Ovipositor short and well developped, short and curved. Auditory or tympanal organs situated one on either side of 1st abdominal segment These are plant feeders and are often very destructive. Eg: Rice grasshopper -Hieroglyphus banian Rice small grasshopper - Oxya chinensis Cotton grass hopper - Cyrtacanthacris ranacea Calotropis grasshopper - Poecilocerus pictus
- 5. Mantodea: Mantids Gradual metamorphosis. Winged adults. Chewing mouthparts. Head is usually hypognathous Mouth parts mandibulate Antennae filiform, invariable Forewings modified into tegmina with marginal costal vein. Hind wings have a Large anal lobe in a fan like fashion. Tarsus 5 segmented A pair of many segmented cerci are present Eggs are laid in egg case. Praying Mantis
- 6. Blattoidae: Cockroaches American Cockroach, Periplaneta americana
- 8. Odonata (dragonflies, damselflies) Greek odon = tooth (referring to teeth on their mandibles) Petaluridae Hemimetabolous metamorphosis: simple, incomplete. Toothed mandibles (chewing mouthparts). Winged adults and pterostigmeta present. Nymphs and adults different in appearance. Aquatic nymphs with gills. Indicate good water quality. Wing flexing mechanism absent
- 10. ORDER NEOROPTERA
- 11. Chrysopidae : Lacewings, antlions, owlflies Larva Bradley Higbee, Paramount Farming, www.insectimages.org Green Lacewing, Chrysoperla sp., Adu Holometabolous metamorphosis: complete. Nerve-winged. Winged adults. Chewing mouthparts. Antennae filiform
- 12. ORDER ISOPTERA
- 13. Termitidae Greek "iso" = equal, "ptera" = wings Antennae are moniliform Compound eyes present in winged. Mouth parts biting type with powerful mandibles. wings are deciduous. Legs short and stout with tarsus 4 segmented Frontal gland is greatest development in soldiers. Anal cerci short or very short. Metamorphosis simple or incomplete Caste system : difference castes seen in a termite colony. A . Reproductive - (King & Queen) B. Sterile (Supplementary Reproductive) Worker & Soldiers
- 15. Thysano: Fringed and pteron: wing Thrips Small to minute slender bodied Antennae short moniliform, Mouth parts asymenetrical, right mandible is rudimentary, rasping and sucking type with three stylets. Winged or wingless. wings when fully developed are long and narrow with highly reduced venation . Cerci absent Parthenogenetic type of reproduction is very common and in many species males are rarely seen.
- 16. ORDER HEMIPTERA
- 17. Mothparts piercing and sucking type and with slender segmented beak Pronotum large, scutellum is very prominent Winged and wingless. When winged, the fore wings are basally thickened and membranous apically and are known as Hemelytra. Hind wings are entirely membranous and are slightly shorter than forewings. At rest the wings are held flat on the body. Odoriferous glands or repugnatorial glands or scent glands or stink glands are present which near hind coxae Anal cerci absent Metamorphosis simple Suborder: Heteroptera includes true bugs
- 18. Head is deflexed and not generally constricted behind to form a neck. Compound eyes well developed, ocelli absent in apterous form but 2 to 3 in winged forms Antennae well developed and usually 3 to 10 segmented Mouth parts piercing and sucking type, Thoracic segments generally fused together, Pronotum small and collar like. Winged or wingless when winged the four wings are uniform in consistency and the wings are held roof like over the body at rest. Wax glands or honey tubes usually well developd in most of the members of this order. Suborder: Homoptera includes hoppers
- 19. Heteroptera Homoptea Pronotum usually large Pronotum small and collar like Gular region present and it is sclerotized (the maxillary plates meet and fuse ventrally to form gula) Gular region absent or very small and membranous Forewings hemelytra Forweings uniform in consistency Wings fold flat over the body at rest Wings held roof like over the body Beak or rostrum arise from the front part of the head and base of the rostrum not touching anterior coxae Beak or rostrum arise from the posterior part of the head and base of rostrum extending between anterior coxae Tarsi 3 segmented antennae 4-5 segmented, odoriferous glands are present Tarsi 1-3 segmented antenna 3-10 segmented, wax glands are present Differences between heteroptera and homoptera
- 21. Order: Lepidoptera The most distinguishing characteristics; scaly wings and siphoning mouthparts. Antennae clubbed or clavate type. Complete metamorphosis Cerci are not present Adults are terrestrial, mostly feeding on nectar Larval Lipidoptera are polypod (caterpillar) and found in a variety of terrestrial habitats. Chewing mouthparts feed on plant materials (leaves). Mostly are regarded as serious agricultural pests. Pupae are obtect.
- 22. Character Moths Butterflies Behaviour Nocturnal Diurnal Antennae Pectinate, Plumose & Clavate Ocelli Present Absent Mandibles Present Absent Frenulum Present Absent Humeral lobe of hindwings Undeveloped Greatly developed Wings at rest Held roof like over body Folded vertically upward Cu2 vein of forewing Present Absent Abdomen Large and stout Comparatively small and slender Pupa Obtect pupa within a Cocoon Obtect pupa without cocoon. It is a naked pupa brightly coloured and supported by silken girdles,called as chrysalis Differences between moths and butterflies
- 23. Family: Paplionidae (Swallow Tail Butterfly)
- 24. Family: Bombycidae (Silkworm Moth) Bombyx mori
- 27. ORDER COLEOPTERA
- 28. Largest order in class insecta comprising about 40% of the known insect species. Minute to large sized with leathery or horny integument. Head highly sclerotized free, normal or prolonged in to a snout as in weevils. Ocelli usually absent. Antennae variable usually 11 segmented Mouth parts are chewing type with well developed mandibles. Prothorax large and freely movable, mesothorax much reduced and fused with metathorax.
- 29. Two pairs of wings present. Forewings are horny or leathery known as elytra. Hind wings membranous. The wings are highly reduced in few beetles. Legs well developed for walking, running and tarsal segments are variable. Abdomen usually 10 segmented. The larvae are known as grubs and generally thoracic legs are present. Pupa exarate, pale coloured and are invested by a thin soft cuticle. Most of the adults possess stridulatory organs and these are variable. Metamorphosis is complete and complex.
- 33. Sawflies, wasps, bees, ants Holometabolous This is the most beneficial order comprising of parasites, predators and bees involved in poliination and honey production. Most of them are social living. Head prominent with small neck. Compound eyes well developed. Antennae exhibit sexual dimorphism being longer in males Mouth parts primarily adopted for biting and often for lapping and sucking also. Legs slender, trochanter 1 or 2 segmented. Larvae as grubs with well developed head and usually apodous. Pupa exarate.
- 34. Usually two pairs of naked membranous wings are present with reduced venation. Hind wings are smaller and have a row of tiny hooks on their anterior margin by which they attach to the front wings. Usually stigma is present in forewings along the costal margin near the apex. Abdomen usually basally constricted to form pedicel or petiole. The 1st abdominal segment fused with metathorax and known as propodaeum. Second segment forms pedicel. The remaining region of the abdomen is bulged one known as gaster. Ovipositor very well developed and modified for sawing, boring, piercing, stinging etc.
- 35. ORDER DIPTERA
- 36. These are small and soft bodied insects with prominent head and small neck. Eyes large : usually larger in males. Antennae mostly 3 segmented and aristate Mouth parts sucking type usually forming a proboscis and they are sponging Mesothorax large supporting the functional wings, pro and metathoracic segments small.
- 37. Only front pair of wings present. Hind pair modified into halters which act as balancers. Legs well developed, tarsus usually 5 segmented pulvilli and an empodium Usually present. Metamorphosis is complete. Larvae eruciform and apodous known as maggots mostly amphipneustic. Pupa either free or enclosed in the hardened larval cuticle known as puparium (coarctate pupa).
- 38. centipedes millipedes 1 pair of legs on each segment 2 pairs of legs on each segment carnivores herbivores More arthropod groups
- 39. centipede