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INTERIOR LIGHTING
LECTURE 02 - TYPES OF LIGHT
Module Code - BID 2203
Academic Year -Year 02
Semester 02 – Credits 2.5
Number of Hours - 50 Hours (05 hours per week)
Archt. Asha N. Liyanage |M.Sc Architectural Engineering
|B.Arch (Hons) | AIA (SL)

Lighting
• Lighting is a form of energy without which there can be no vision.
• When light strikes an object, It may be reflected, absorbed or allowed to
pass through.

Source based classification

Natural light
The bright radiant energy of the sun,
daylight, is a major determining factor in
the design of hotel guestrooms and
homes, especially where large wall areas
have been decorated with glass

Artificial light
• Well panned artificial illumination helps us to see without strain and helps
to prevent accidents.
• It makes a vital contribution to the attractiveness of homes and hotels.

Incandescent / filament
• Here light is produced by heating any material,
usually metal to a temperature at which it glows.
Typical incandescent bulbs have tungsten filament
in a sealed glass container. Many gas filled and
halogen lamps with halogen mixed gas filling are
also available.

Fluorescent / discharge
• Fluorescent tubes are cold (not produced by heat)
source of light. A glass tube with inside coating of
fluorescent powder is filled with vaporized
mercury and argon. They ends are then sealed
with cathodes. When electric current activates the
gases in it, invisible UV rays cause the fluorescent
coating to produce visible light.

Direct lighting
• This kind of light comes from the sources such
as ceiling fixtures or luminous ceiling that shed
light downward, or from lamps with translucent
shades spreading light in all directions

Indirect lighting
• This is usually from concealed sources in alcoves,
cornices, or valances. It may also come from a lamp
with an opaque shade open only at the top – light is
then thrown against the ceiling or washes against
the wall and is reflected back into the room.
• It is soften than the direct lighting, but often more
costly in both installation and operation.

Diffused lighting
When light fitting are completely enclosed or
concealed, as with some globes and ceiling
panels, the light is diffused since it passes
through the glass or plastic.
Diffused lighting is also glare- free and
produces a flat appearance.

Semi-indirect lighting
• It is possible to have some light passing
through a diffusing bowl and some reflecting
off the ceiling where the fixture is open on
top.

Types of light
• FUNCTION BASED CLASSIFICATION
• General or area lighting
• Local or specific lighting
• Safety lighting

General or area lighting
• This illuminates the room more or less uniformly.
It brings the design and colors of the whole
space to equal attention.
• It minimizes the bulkiness of furniture, the
darkness of shadows, and harsh contrasts.

Local or specific lighting
• specific activities at specific
locations need specific lighting.
Local lighting can be provided by
lamps at strategic points. This
lighting may be either by way of
task lighting or accent lighting

Safety lighting
• As the name suggests this type of bright
lighting is used for safety reasons in areas
such as stairways, along corridors
swimming pools and by way of
emergency lighting

Methods of lighting
ARCHITECTURAL AND BUILT-IN LIGHTING
• Valance Lighting
• Cornice Lighting
• Cove Lighting
• Track Lighting
• Soffit Lighting
NON-ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING
• Ceiling Fixtures
• Wall Fixtures
• Portable Lamps

• Richaed Kelly’s three form of light play
• Focal glow
• Ambient luminescence
• Play of brilliance
Design elements of light

Ambient luminescence

Focal glow

Play of brilliance

ARCHITECTURAL AND BUILT-IN LIGHTING

VALANCE LIGHTING
• A horizontal fluorescent tube is placed behind a
valance boards, casting light upward so that it
reflects off the ceiling and also downwards to
shine on the drapery, thus producing both direct
and indirect lighting

CORNICE LIGHTING
• A cornice is installed under the ceiling, with a
fixture hidden beneath so as to direct light
downwards only.
• This can give a dramatic effect on drapery,
pictures and wall coverings.

COVE LIGHTING
• This consists of placing continuous series of fluorescent
tubes in a groove along one or more walls of a room,
about 12 inches from the ceiling. The light reflects off
the ceiling and bathes the room in indirect light.

TRACK LIGHTING
• Track lighting consists of lamps fixed to the
ceiling or wall in an array to offer great variety.
One strip often holds spot light, floodlights, and
even hanging fixtures that may be turned
around to follow furniture placement. The tracks
can themselves be movable as well, for still
more flexible arrangements.

SOFFIT LIGHTING
• This refers to built in light source under a panel.
It may be fixed to a ceiling or under a cabinet.
Soffit lighting is often used over a sink or other
work areas

NON- ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING
• CEILING FIXTURE
• These are recessed into the ceiling or set flush
with it. They may soften light of diffuse. Some
may be in form of soft luminous panels that
illuminates large areas evenly.

WALL FIXTURE
• These remain out of the way and free table
and desk surfaces for other things. At the
same time, they give direct light where it is
needed.

Portable lamps
• Floor and table lamps can be moved when and
where needed. They also act as decorative
accessories

Considerations for good lighting
• Utilize potential day light when available
• Energy efficient
• Good design and durability
• Ease of replacement of fixture and bulb
• Easy to maintain
• Proportionate area-light ratio

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Lecture 02 type of lighting

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Lecture 02 type of lighting