Lecture 11 protecting earth s atmosphere
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A CFL, or compact fluorescent light bulb, is an energy efficient alternative to traditional incandescent light bulbs. CFLs use 1/4 the energy and last up to 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs. However, they contain small amounts of mercury which requires special disposal. The video provides an overview of CFL technology and adoption in the U.S.
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Lecture 11 protecting earth s atmosphere
- 2. Gases in extremely thin air absorb X- rays and short-wave radiation raising temperature to 1000oC or higher Temperatures as low as -140oC Meteors burn up from friction with air molecules Ozone layer is thickest at 25-30 km 99% of atmosphere (by weight) is below 30 km
- 3. o http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_36MiCUS1ro
- 6. PM2.5 = fine particles Air Quality Forecast: http://www.airnow.gov/ PM10 = coarse particles Smoky Mountains clear day Smoky Mountains Average adult breathes 3,000 gallons of air per day hazy day Particle pollution can occur year-round People can reduce exposure by checking daily air quality forecast and if it is bad they should limit strenuous outdoor activities Children are most susceptible to particle pollution due to higher levels of physical activity Cause asthma, chronic bronchitis, decreased lung function, premature death in people with heart or lung disease
- 11. Ozone damage to leaf
- 12. 2NO => N2 + O2 or 2NO2 => N2 + 2O2 ceramic honeycomb catalyst 2CO + O2 => 2CO2
- 13. Electrical Generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy usually by electromagnetic induction. Electromagnetic Induction discovered by Michael Faraday in 1830s, current is produced when a conductor (e.g., copper wire) is moved back and forth by a magnet, the magnet applies a force of the electrons in the copper causing them to move, as you move the copper wire back and forth past the magnet you produce an alternating current of electricity. horseshoe copper magnet disc Simple Electric Generator: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TU8GKV2TXxo&feature=related
- 14. Video, Electricity and Magnetism: Generating Electricity: http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/41266-powering- the-future-electricity-video.htm
- 15. Highly developed countries consume much more energy than developing countries. In the USA, industry uses 42% of energy > homes/businesses use 33% energy > transportation uses 25% energy. Developing countries will demand more energy due to increase in population.
- 19. exposure to original acid rain Black Forest, Germany Effect of acid rain on a forest, Czech Republic
- 20. Top Mercury Releases in Ohio Three Ohio coal-fired power plants are among the top 50 in the nation for mercury air pollution in 2008, according to a 2008 report released by the Environmental Integrity Project in Washington D.C. EPA Limit for mercury in bottled water: 2 ppb (0.002 milligrams / liter = 0.0076 mg/gal) 2 * 3 Ohio Plants Still Pumping out Mercury: * http://www.dispatchpolitics.com/live/content/ local_news/stories/2010/03/18/copy/ohio-plants-still- 1 pumping-out-mercury.html?adsec=politics&sid=101 *
- 21. American Electric Power (AEP), Mountaineer Carbon Capture Video: http://www.aep.com/environmental/climatechange/carboncapture/
- 22. Carbon capture and sequestration (storage)
- 26. Fluidized-bed combustion of coal
- 27. Coal Ash Waste Ponds Waste products of coal combustion Produced by coal-fired power plants 525,000,000 gallon of ash waste pond in Kingston, Tennessee Fly ash contains heavy metal toxins: Arsenic Cadmium Chromium Mercury Radium Selenium Thorium Aerial Image of Kingston Tennessee Ash Uranium 際際滷 12/23/08
- 28. PBS Video, Cleaning Coal: http://www.pbs.org/video/video/1115809446/search/coal
- 32. -12% *Pb (not shown in this graph) showed a -98% decrease from 1970 to 2000 primarily due to unleaded gas. -45% -40% +20% -75%
- 34. National Emissions Estimates (fires and dust excluded) For Common Pollutants and their Precursors Millions of Tons Per Year 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2007 Carbon Monoxide (CO) 178 170 144 120 102 94 81 Lead (Pb) 0.074 0.023 0.005 0.004 0.003 0.001 0.001 Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) 27 26 25 25 22 18 17 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) 30 27 23 22 17 15 15 Particulate Matter (PM) PM10 6 4 3 3 2 2 2 PM2.5 NA NA 2 2 2 1 1 Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) 26 23 23 19 16 15 13 Totals 267 250 220 191 161 145 129
- 35. What the hell is a C.F.L.? http://video.nytimes.com/video/2009/03/27/business/energy-environment/ 1194838469595/green-inc-shedding-light-on-cfls.html?scp=1&sq=CFL&st=cse