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Lecture 3 Genes And Proteins 10212009

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This document summarizes an online biology course lecture about genes and proteins. The lecture discusses that genes are discrete units of heritable information that typically code for proteins. Many genes encode the amino acid sequence of proteins. Genes are regulated by interactions between regulatory factors and DNA sequences that turn genes on and off. The proteins encoded by genes shape the cell and perform its functions according to their three-dimensional structures.

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Online bioscience course for grades 6-12 Fall 2009 bio 1.0
Class mechanics´ Attend the online Office Hour on Tuesdays at 3 PM via tokbox-Discuss previous week¨s video lecture Online video lecture e-mailed every Wednesday-view lecture and prepare to discuss the following Tuesday Comment on video lecture using website discussion board Online Final Exam given 12/9/2009 bio 1.0
Lecture 3: Genes and proteins bio 1.0
Take Homes: What is a gene? II. Many genes code for proteins III. Genes are regulated IV. The proteins encoded by genes shape the cell and do its work V. How proteins work bio 1.0
What is a gene?: A gene is a discrete unit of heritable information Genes are typically, but not always, encoded by DNA Genes typically, but not always code for proteins A protein gene is an ＾Open Reading Frame￣ (ORF) of codons (but only for prokayotes´sorta´) bio 1.0
Take Home I Genes are DNA sequences that encode a heritable trait´ What is a gene? bio 1.0
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_code How the genetic code works I: bio 1.0
How the genetic code works II: Transcribed strand mRNA Peptide (＾protein￣) bio 1.0
How the genetic code works III bio 1.0
Reading frames bio 1.0
Using a computer program to define a gene from a sequence: http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gorf/gorf.html bio 1.0
Step-by-step video showing how to use the ORF Finder with our DNA sequence to find out if it encodes a protein´ http:// www.screencast.com/t/gzxXnMwLWNI bio 1.0
>EXPERIMENTAL DNA SEQUENCE I ATGGCTAGCAAAGGAGAAGAACTTTTCACTGGA GTTGTCCCAATTCTTGTTGAATTAGATGGTGAT GTTAATGGGCACAAATTTTCTGTCAGTGGAGAG GGTGAAGGTGATGCTACATACGGAAAGCTTACC CTTAAATTTATTTGCACTACTGGAAAACTACCT GTTCCATGGCCAACACTTGTCACTACTTTCTCT TATGGTGTTCAATGCTTTTCCCGTTATCCGGAT CATATGAAACGGCATGACTTTTTCAAGAGTGCC ATGCCCGAAGGTTATGTACAGGAACGCACTATA TCTTTCAAAGATGACGGGAACTACAAGACGCGT GCTGAAGTCAAGTTTGAAGGTGATACCCTTGTT AATCGTATCGAGTTAAAAGGTATTGATTTTAAA GAAGATGGAAACATTCTCGGACACAAACTCGAG TACAACTATAACTCACACAATGTATACATCACG GCAGACAAACAAAAGAATGGAATCAAAGCTAAC TTCAAAATTCGCCACAACATTGAAGATGGATCC GTTCAACTAGCAGACCATTATCAACAAAATACT CCAATTGGCGATGGCCCTGTCCTTTTACCAGAC AACCATTACCTGTCGACACAATCTGCCCTTTCG AAAGATCCCAACGAAAAGCGTGACCACATGGTC CTTCTTGAGTTTGTAACTGCTGCTGGGATTACA CATGGCATGGATGAGCTCTACAAAT Test DNA Sequence: bio 1.0
So, our sequence contains the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) Gene sequence´ bio 1.0
http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_fluorescent_protein bio 1.0
Cells ＾engineered￣ to express GFP: bio 1.0
Take Home II Many genes encode for the amino acid sequence of proteins´ Many genes code for proteins bio 1.0
The lac Operon-an example of how bacterial genes are turned ＾ on￣ and ＾off￣´ http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v =oBwtxdI1zvk bio 1.0
Take Home III Genes are tuned ＾on￣ and ＾off￣ by complex interactions of factors and DNA sequences´ Genes are regulated bio 1.0
Protein Functions in the Body http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v =T500B5yTy58 bio 1.0
Take Home IV Proteins do most of the ＾work￣ in cells and most of the cell structure is made-up of proteins´ The proteins encoded by genes shape the cell and do its work´ bio 1.0
Protein Functions in the Body: An example-ATP Synthase http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v =3y1dO4nNaKY bio 1.0
Looking at GFP at the molecular level´ bio 1.0
Download and install CN3D: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/CN3D/cn3d.shtml bio 1.0
A look at GFP structure with CN3D´ http://www.screencast.com/t/oCq2i3YcX bio 1.0
Take Home V Proteins function according to their 3 Dimensional structures´ How proteins work´ bio 1.0
Virtual experiment: making bacteria that glow green by giving them a GFP gene´ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jyfi5e2JoYc & http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v =7zJ-Xe9rZh8 bio 1.0
Next Week: The bacterial world How bacteria are structured and how they function´ bio 1.0
instructor Mark E Minie PhD [email_address] bio 1.0

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Lecture 3 Genes And Proteins 10212009

  • 1. Online bioscience course for grades 6-12 Fall 2009 bio 1.0
  • 2. Class mechanics´ Attend the online Office Hour on Tuesdays at 3 PM via tokbox-Discuss previous week¨s video lecture Online video lecture e-mailed every Wednesday-view lecture and prepare to discuss the following Tuesday Comment on video lecture using website discussion board Online Final Exam given 12/9/2009 bio 1.0
  • 3. Lecture 3: Genes and proteins bio 1.0
  • 4. Take Homes: What is a gene? II. Many genes code for proteins III. Genes are regulated IV. The proteins encoded by genes shape the cell and do its work V. How proteins work bio 1.0
  • 5. What is a gene?: A gene is a discrete unit of heritable information Genes are typically, but not always, encoded by DNA Genes typically, but not always code for proteins A protein gene is an ＾Open Reading Frame￣ (ORF) of codons (but only for prokayotes´sorta´) bio 1.0
  • 6. Take Home I Genes are DNA sequences that encode a heritable trait´ What is a gene? bio 1.0
  • 8. How the genetic code works II: Transcribed strand mRNA Peptide (＾protein￣) bio 1.0
  • 9. How the genetic code works III bio 1.0
  • 11. Using a computer program to define a gene from a sequence: http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gorf/gorf.html bio 1.0
  • 12. Step-by-step video showing how to use the ORF Finder with our DNA sequence to find out if it encodes a protein´ http:// www.screencast.com/t/gzxXnMwLWNI bio 1.0
  • 13. >EXPERIMENTAL DNA SEQUENCE I ATGGCTAGCAAAGGAGAAGAACTTTTCACTGGA GTTGTCCCAATTCTTGTTGAATTAGATGGTGAT GTTAATGGGCACAAATTTTCTGTCAGTGGAGAG GGTGAAGGTGATGCTACATACGGAAAGCTTACC CTTAAATTTATTTGCACTACTGGAAAACTACCT GTTCCATGGCCAACACTTGTCACTACTTTCTCT TATGGTGTTCAATGCTTTTCCCGTTATCCGGAT CATATGAAACGGCATGACTTTTTCAAGAGTGCC ATGCCCGAAGGTTATGTACAGGAACGCACTATA TCTTTCAAAGATGACGGGAACTACAAGACGCGT GCTGAAGTCAAGTTTGAAGGTGATACCCTTGTT AATCGTATCGAGTTAAAAGGTATTGATTTTAAA GAAGATGGAAACATTCTCGGACACAAACTCGAG TACAACTATAACTCACACAATGTATACATCACG GCAGACAAACAAAAGAATGGAATCAAAGCTAAC TTCAAAATTCGCCACAACATTGAAGATGGATCC GTTCAACTAGCAGACCATTATCAACAAAATACT CCAATTGGCGATGGCCCTGTCCTTTTACCAGAC AACCATTACCTGTCGACACAATCTGCCCTTTCG AAAGATCCCAACGAAAAGCGTGACCACATGGTC CTTCTTGAGTTTGTAACTGCTGCTGGGATTACA CATGGCATGGATGAGCTCTACAAAT Test DNA Sequence: bio 1.0
  • 14. So, our sequence contains the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) Gene sequence´ bio 1.0
  • 16. Cells ＾engineered￣ to express GFP: bio 1.0
  • 17. Take Home II Many genes encode for the amino acid sequence of proteins´ Many genes code for proteins bio 1.0
  • 18. The lac Operon-an example of how bacterial genes are turned ＾ on￣ and ＾off￣´ http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v =oBwtxdI1zvk bio 1.0
  • 19. Take Home III Genes are tuned ＾on￣ and ＾off￣ by complex interactions of factors and DNA sequences´ Genes are regulated bio 1.0
  • 20. Protein Functions in the Body http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v =T500B5yTy58 bio 1.0
  • 21. Take Home IV Proteins do most of the ＾work￣ in cells and most of the cell structure is made-up of proteins´ The proteins encoded by genes shape the cell and do its work´ bio 1.0
  • 22. Protein Functions in the Body: An example-ATP Synthase http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v =3y1dO4nNaKY bio 1.0
  • 23. Looking at GFP at the molecular level´ bio 1.0
  • 24. Download and install CN3D: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/CN3D/cn3d.shtml bio 1.0
  • 25. A look at GFP structure with CN3D´ http://www.screencast.com/t/oCq2i3YcX bio 1.0
  • 26. Take Home V Proteins function according to their 3 Dimensional structures´ How proteins work´ bio 1.0
  • 27. Virtual experiment: making bacteria that glow green by giving them a GFP gene´ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jyfi5e2JoYc & http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v =7zJ-Xe9rZh8 bio 1.0
  • 28. Next Week: The bacterial world How bacteria are structured and how they function´ bio 1.0
  • 29. instructor Mark E Minie PhD [email_address] bio 1.0