This document discusses material cycles in ecosystems, including biogeochemical cycles such as the water, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus cycles. It explains that as energy flows through an ecosystem, matter is also constantly circulating. Nutrients are taken up by living beings from the abiotic environment and then returned to the environment when those beings die, in a cyclic movement between biotic and abiotic components called the biogeochemical cycle. Key cycles discussed in more detail include the water, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus cycles.
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4. Biogeochemical Cycle
As energy flows through the ecosystem there is also a
constant flow of matter.
Living beings take up several nutrients from their abiotic
environment and when they die they are returned to the
environment.
This cyclic movement of nutrient material between the biotic
and abiotic environment is called Biogeochemical Cycle.
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